CN108069706A - A kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique - Google Patents

A kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique Download PDF

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CN108069706A
CN108069706A CN201711359966.4A CN201711359966A CN108069706A CN 108069706 A CN108069706 A CN 108069706A CN 201711359966 A CN201711359966 A CN 201711359966A CN 108069706 A CN108069706 A CN 108069706A
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wall part
thin
fiber reinforced
fiber
reinforced ceramic
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崔雨潇
林彬
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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Abstract

A kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique：Ceramic powder, fibrous material and sintering aid are mixed in advance, obtain fiber reinforcedceramics；Polyvinyl alcohol is used to add in appropriate wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent for binding agent, mixed with fiber reinforcedceramics, obtains fiber reinforced ceramic mud；Using 3D printing technique, above-mentioned mud is squeezed out by print head, and print head is moved according to thin-wall part cross-section data, is realized its accumulation molding using ceramic material plasticity in itself and denseness, is obtained ceramic body；By degreasing and sintering, fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part is obtained.3D printing technique of the present invention avoids the complex appts such as photocuring or heating, technique significantly simplifies, and it can realize the quick manufacture of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part with complex-curved shape, and prepared fiber reinforcedceramics have high uniformity, high intensity and high tenacity.

Description

A kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming methods of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part.3D printing skill is based on more particularly to one kind The forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part of art.
Background technology
Ceramic material is due to the excellent performance such as its high intensity, high rigidity, high-wearing feature and corrosion resistance, in empty day, force The leading-edge fields such as device equipment are widely applied.It is larger yet with its brittleness, it is difficult to bear violent mechanical shock and heat Impact, thus constrain application of the ceramics in above-mentioned field.By adding fiber into ceramic matrix, enhance ceramics intensity and Toughness receives the extensive concern of researcher.At present, empty day, the ceramic thin-wall part critical component applied on weaponry are more It is standby using long fibre knitted body enhancing ceramic system.Fibrage preparation process is complicated, and is needed repeatedly after the completion of knitted body Dipping and curing molding, the production cycle is long, and cost is high.Short fiber reinforced ceramics are without complicated fibrage technique, it is expected to Improve the above-mentioned deficiency of long fibre knitted body enhancing ceramics.On the other hand, above-mentioned critical component shape is mostly Irregular Boundary Surface, often Ceramic workpiece prepared by rule method also needs to carry out grinding modification, removes a large amount of surpluses in surface, ceramic material is caused very big Waste.
3D printing technique is also known as increases material manufacturing technology, is the advanced manufacture skill that the eighties in last century, Later development got up Art can realize rapid shaping, shorten the design and producing cycle of product, reduce development cost.The straight forming of ceramic material Technology is the research hotspot and important development direction of 3D printing technique.Fusion sediment or Stereolithography can by reinforcing fiber and Ceramic material is printed and is prepared into ceramic body, but needs additional photocuring or heating unit, and technique is more multiple It is miscellaneous.In addition, for engineering ceramics, specific ceramic powder belongs to lean property material, and viscosity, plasticity and dispersiveness are poor, It is caused to cannot be used directly for 3D printing.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of without additional photocuring or heating process based on 3D The forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part of printing technique.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of shaping of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique Method includes the following steps：
1) it is 5-9 in mass ratio by ceramic powder material and reinforcing fiber materials：1 mixing, is then stirred in the ball mill It is uniformly mixed, obtains fiber reinforcedceramics；
2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is prepared, and wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent are added in into poly-vinyl alcohol solution, then will be obtained The fiber reinforcedceramics and sintering aid obtained are added in the solution, are uniformly mixed in dispersion machine, obtain fiber increasing Strong ceramic material；
3) using the 3D models of 3 d modeling software design thin-wall part, and it is hierarchical path text by thin-wall part 3D model conversions Part imports 3D printer；
4) the fiber reinforced ceramic mud of acquisition is supplied into print head, air pump is passed through compressed gas, provides homogeneous pressure, beats Print head uniformly squeezes out ceramic material；
5) print head carries out planar according to hierarchical path file according to the outline data of thin-wall part 3D model current layers Movement；
6) after the outline data for completing thin-wall part 3D model current layers, print head rises the thickness of a layering；
7) step 4) is repeated to step 6), until thin-wall part green body is completed；
8) the thin-wall part green body for printing completion is placed in baking oven, maintains the temperature at 40-60 DEG C, when heat preservation 4-6 is small；
9) the thin-wall part green body for obtaining step 8) carries out degreasing and sintering, obtains fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part.
The grain size of ceramic powder described in step 1) is 1-2 μm；A diameter of 2-4 μm of reinforcing fiber materials, length are 50-80μm。
The mass fraction of preparation poly-vinyl alcohol solution described in step 2) is 1%.
The addition quality of wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent described in step 2) is respectively poly-vinyl alcohol solution quality 1%.
The mass fraction of sintering aid described in step 2) is the 0.5% of fiber reinforcedceramics.
The solid content of fiber reinforced ceramic mud described in step 2) is 75-80%.
Sintering aid described in step 2) is one or more of aluminium oxide, potassium oxide and boron oxide.
3 d modeling software described in step 3) is CAD or UG or Solidworks.
Ceramic powder material described in step 1) is one kind in quartz, zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, boron nitride and silicon nitride It is or a variety of；The reinforcing fiber materials are one kind or more in quartz fibre, silicon nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber and carbon fiber Kind.
The forming method of a kind of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique of the present invention, with staple fiber and pottery Porcelain powder is raw material, prepares the ceramic material of high solids content, improves lean property ceramic powder by wetting dispersing agent and binding agent Performance is realized accumulation molding using the plasticity and denseness of ceramic material itself, without additional photocuring or heating process, is avoided The cost of 3D printing is greatly reduced in additional photocuring or heating unit, the technique that can greatly simplify 3D printing technique.This Invention reduces production cost, it can be achieved that complex-curved thin wall ceramic part suitable for the 3D printing of the ceramic material of Multiple components Rapid shaping, the ceramic part obtained after degreasing sintered have good intensity, toughness and precision, solve conventional fibre enhancing The problem of complex-curved thin-walled parts long preparation period of ceramics, processing removal surplus is big, and waste of material is larger, and cost is higher, promote Into application of the 3D printing technique in ceramic forming material.
Specific embodiment
With reference to a kind of shaping side of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique of the embodiment present invention Method is described in detail.
The forming method of a kind of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique of the present invention, including walking as follows Suddenly：
1) it is 5-9 in mass ratio by ceramic powder material and reinforcing fiber materials：1 mixing, is then stirred in the ball mill It is uniformly mixed, obtains fiber reinforcedceramics；Wherein,
The ceramic powder material is the one or more in quartz, zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, boron nitride and silicon nitride； The reinforcing fiber materials are the one or more in quartz fibre, silicon nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber and carbon fiber.
The grain size of the ceramic powder is 1-2 μm；A diameter of 2-4 μm of reinforcing fiber materials, length are 50-80 μm.
2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is prepared, and wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent are added in poly-vinyl alcohol solution, then will be obtained Fiber reinforcedceramics and sintering aid add in the solution, be uniformly mixed in dispersion machine, obtain fiber reinforcement Ceramic material.Wherein,
The wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent is marketed product；
The mass fraction of the preparation poly-vinyl alcohol solution is 1%；
The addition quality of wetting dispersing agent and the antifoaming agent is respectively the 1% of poly-vinyl alcohol solution quality；
The mass fraction of the sintering aid is the 0.5% of fiber reinforcedceramics；
The solid content of the fiber reinforced ceramic mud is 75-80%.
3) using the 3D models of 3 d modeling software design thin-wall part, and it is hierarchical path file by 3D model conversions, leads Enter 3D printer；The 3 d modeling software is CAD or UG or Solidworks etc..
4) the fiber reinforced ceramic mud of acquisition is supplied into print head, air pump is passed through compressed gas, provides homogeneous pressure, beats Print head uniformly squeezes out ceramic material；
5) print head carries out planar according to hierarchical path file according to the outline data of thin-wall part 3D model current layers Movement；
6) after the outline data for completing thin-wall part 3D model current layers, print head rises the thickness of a layering；The present invention The ceramic material squeezed out by print head is entirely to realize the accumulation molding of itself by the plasticity and denseness of itself, is avoided additional Photocuring or heating unit.
7) step 4) is repeated to step 6), until thin-wall part green body is completed；
8) the thin-wall part green body for printing completion is placed in baking oven, maintains the temperature at 40-60 DEG C, when heat preservation 4-6 is small；
9) the thin-wall part green body for obtaining step 8) carries out degreasing and sintering, obtains fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part.
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill to this field For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention Protection domain.
Embodiment 1
1) by 4 μm of 2 μm of quartzy powder body materials of grain size and diameter, silica fiber material 50 μm long is 9 in mass ratio：1 is mixed It closes, adds in the aluminium oxide sintering aid of mass fraction 1%, be then uniformly mixed in the ball mill, obtain quartz fibre enhancing Quartz ceramic material；
2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution of mass fraction 1% is prepared, is separately added into wetting dispersing agent and the defoaming of mass fraction 1% The solution and quartz fibre are enhanced Quartz ceramic material according to solid-liquid mass ratio 4 by agent:1 is uniformly mixed in dispersion machine, obtains Quartz fibre enhances quartz-ceramics mud；
3) on computers using Solidworks Software for Design thin-wall part 3D models, and it is layering road by 3D model conversions Footpath file imports 3D printer；
4) the fiber reinforced ceramic mud for obtaining step 2) supplies print head, and air pump is passed through compressed gas, provides uniformly Pressure, print head uniformly squeeze out ceramic material；
5) print head carries out planar movement according to hierarchical path file according to the outline data of 3D model current layers；
6) after the outline data for completing 3D model current layers, print head rises the thickness of a layering；
7) step 4) is repeated to step 6), until thin-wall part green body is completed；
8) the thin-wall part green body for printing completion is placed in baking oven, maintains the temperature at 40 DEG C, when heat preservation 4 is small；
9) the thin-wall part green body for obtaining step 8) carries out degreasing and sintering, obtains quartz fibre enhancing quartz-ceramics thin-walled Part.
Embodiment 2
1) by 3 μm of 1 μm of boron nitride ceramics powder body material of grain size and diameter, silicon nitride fiber material 40 μm long is in mass ratio For 5：1 mixing, adds in the aluminium oxide sintering aid of mass fraction 1%, is then uniformly mixed in the ball mill, obtains silicon nitride Fiber reinforcement boron nitride ceramic material；
2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution of mass fraction 1% is prepared, adds in the wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent of mass fraction 1%, The solution and quartz fibre are enhanced into Quartz ceramic material according to solid-liquid mass ratio 3:1 is uniformly mixed in dispersion machine, obtains nitrogen SiClx fiber reinforcement boron nitride ceramics mud；
3) on computers using Solidworks Software for Design thin-wall part 3D models, and it is layering road by 3D model conversions Footpath file imports 3D printer；
4) the fiber reinforced ceramic mud for obtaining step 2) supplies print head, and air pump is passed through compressed gas, provides uniformly Pressure, print head uniformly squeeze out ceramic material；
5) print head carries out planar movement according to hierarchical path file according to the outline data of 3D model current layers；
6) after the outline data for completing 3D model current layers, print head rises the thickness of a layering；
7) step 4) is repeated to step 6), until thin-wall part green body is completed；
8) the thin-wall part green body for printing completion is placed in baking oven, maintains the temperature at 60 DEG C, when heat preservation 5 is small；
9) the thin-wall part green body for obtaining step 8) carries out degreasing and sintering, obtains silicon nitride fiber enhancing boron nitride ceramics Thin-wall part.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique, which is characterized in that including walking as follows Suddenly：
1) it is 5-9 in mass ratio by ceramic powder material and reinforcing fiber materials：1 mixing, is then stirred in the ball mill Uniformly, fiber reinforcedceramics are obtained；
2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is prepared, and wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent are added in into poly-vinyl alcohol solution, then by acquisition Fiber reinforcedceramics and sintering aid are added in the solution, are uniformly mixed in dispersion machine, obtain fiber reinforcement pottery Porcelain pug；
3) using the 3D models of 3 d modeling software design thin-wall part, and it is hierarchical path file by thin-wall part 3D model conversions, Import 3D printer；
4) the fiber reinforced ceramic mud of acquisition is supplied into print head, air pump is passed through compressed gas, provides homogeneous pressure, print head Ceramic material is uniformly squeezed out；
5) print head carries out planar movement according to hierarchical path file according to the outline data of thin-wall part 3D model current layers；
6) after the outline data for completing thin-wall part 3D model current layers, print head rises the thickness of a layering；
7) step 4) is repeated to step 6), until thin-wall part green body is completed；
8) the thin-wall part green body for printing completion is placed in baking oven, maintains the temperature at 40-60 DEG C, when heat preservation 4-6 is small；
9) the thin-wall part green body for obtaining step 8) carries out degreasing and sintering, obtains fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part.
2. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the grain size of the ceramic powder described in step 1) is 1-2 μm；A diameter of 2-4 μm of reinforcing fiber materials, length are 50-80μm。
3. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the mass fraction of the preparation poly-vinyl alcohol solution described in step 2) is 1%.
4. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the addition quality of wetting dispersing agent and antifoaming agent described in step 2) is respectively poly-vinyl alcohol solution quality 1%.
5. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the mass fraction of the sintering aid described in step 2) is the 0.5% of fiber reinforcedceramics.
6. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the solid content of the fiber reinforced ceramic mud described in step 2) is 75-80%.
7. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the sintering aid described in step 2) is one or more of aluminium oxide, potassium oxide and boron oxide.
8. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the 3 d modeling software described in step 3) is CAD or UG or Solidworks.
9. a kind of forming method of fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the ceramic powder material described in step 1) is one in quartz, zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, boron nitride and silicon nitride Kind is a variety of；The reinforcing fiber materials be quartz fibre, silicon nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber and carbon fiber in one kind or It is a variety of.
CN201711359966.4A 2017-12-15 2017-12-15 A kind of forming method of the fiber reinforced ceramic thin-wall part based on 3D printing technique Pending CN108069706A (en)

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CN110229012A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-13 西安交通大学 A kind of continuous fiber combines short carbon fiber toughened ceramic matric composite forming method
CN112247141A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-01-22 吉林大学 Slurry for extruding fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof
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CN114290476A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-08 集美大学 Paste ceramic 3D printing method for curved-surface thin-wall part
CN115073171A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-20 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 LTCC raw material belt material suitable for photocuring forming processing, LTCC substrate and preparation method and application thereof

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CN109482886A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-03-19 吉林大学 A kind of preparation method of 3D printing ceramics and fiber composite enhancing alumina-base material
CN110229012A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-13 西安交通大学 A kind of continuous fiber combines short carbon fiber toughened ceramic matric composite forming method
CN113102753A (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-07-13 天津大学 Indirect 3D printing tungsten-based alloy part degreasing sintering method
CN112247141A (en) * 2020-10-21 2021-01-22 吉林大学 Slurry for extruding fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof
CN112247141B (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-07-12 吉林大学 Slurry for extruding fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof
CN112358310A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-02-12 安徽盈锐优材科技有限公司 High-toughness 3D printing ceramic powder slurry
CN112374903A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-02-19 山东蓝合智能科技有限公司 Preparation method for zirconia ceramic 3D printing material
CN113395860A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-14 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Shell, preparation method thereof and electronic equipment
CN114290476A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-08 集美大学 Paste ceramic 3D printing method for curved-surface thin-wall part
CN114290476B (en) * 2021-12-23 2024-01-19 集美大学 Paste ceramic 3D printing method for curved thin-wall part
CN115073171A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-20 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 LTCC raw material belt material suitable for photocuring forming processing, LTCC substrate and preparation method and application thereof
CN115073171B (en) * 2022-06-29 2023-08-08 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 LTCC raw material tape material suitable for photo-curing molding processing, LTCC substrate, preparation method and application thereof

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