CN104874768B - A kind of method that the 3D of utilization print space structure prepares metal-base composites - Google Patents
A kind of method that the 3D of utilization print space structure prepares metal-base composites Download PDFInfo
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- CN104874768B CN104874768B CN201510197457.0A CN201510197457A CN104874768B CN 104874768 B CN104874768 B CN 104874768B CN 201510197457 A CN201510197457 A CN 201510197457A CN 104874768 B CN104874768 B CN 104874768B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that the 3D of utilization print space structure prepares metal-base composites, belong to metal-base composites technical field.Set up space structure stereomodel first with mapping software, and utilize 3D printer that above-mentioned stereomodel is printed as space structure plastic formwork；Then ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, are fed in the space structure gap of plastic formwork；Through being dried, progressively heating up, after plastics are removed and sintered, obtain the ceramic particle prefabricated blank with some strength and Complicated Spatial Structure；Suction pouring, extrusion casint equal pressure dipping technique is finally utilized to prepare metal-base composites.The method can prepare the composite accurately controlling the Complicated Spatial Structure with wide variation, and technique is simple, be easy to mechanization and automatic batch production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that the 3D of utilization print space structure prepares metal-base composites, belong to metal-base composites technical field.
Background technology
In mine, the field such as building materials, electric power, the broken of material is an important production procedure, needs to consume a large amount of wearing piece.Not quite, research and development novel high-performance high-abrasive material is significant to China in the performance boost space of tradition high-abrasive material such as potassium steel, rich chromium cast iron etc..In recent years, ceramic particle (p) strengthens steel-based composite material (MMCs) and is the most gradually applied to industrial circle as novel high-performance high-abrasive material, MMCs carries out space structure toughening and is proved to be a kind of measure being effectively improved its plasticity, toughness.
WC particle and binding agent are made paste by Chinese invention patent CN101585081A, are filled in mould and form cellular precast body, then pour into a mould molten steel.This invention can only prepare the metal-base composites that columnar ceramic precast body strengthens, it is impossible to preparation has the ceramic particle precast body of Complicated Spatial Structure and strengthens metal-base composites.
Precast body is made given shape by Chinese invention patent CN101899585A, such as: column, strip, bulk, cellular, and then by regularly arranged for precast body at casting mold end face, last pouring liquid metal prepares composite.The preparation method process of this invention is complicated, and precast body distribution in casting mold can not accurately control, the space structure poor repeatability of composite.
Ceramic particle is pressed into spherical prefabricated blank, a large amount of spherical prefabricated blank secondary more bonding one-tenth precast body by Chinese invention patent CN103878346A, and utilizes casting method to prepare composite.The method can be effectively improved the impregnating depth of composite, but the spatial distribution of spherical prefabricated blank is wayward, and the space structure easily causing composite is uneven.
3D printing technique, through development for many years, has defined a set of system the most, and 3D printing technique manufactures complex article does not increase cost, and spatial design is unlimited, it is not necessary to assemble, accurate physical replication etc.,These advantages make the industry of 3D print application gradually expand.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at solving ceramics preparative body space structure in space structure toughening metal-base composites and be difficult to preparation, and the problem controlling difficulty, utilize 3D printing technique and metal liquid phase dipping technique to combine, prepare space structure accurately, form, change in size flexibly, the Metal Substrate based composites of dense structure
A kind of method that the 3D of utilization print space structure prepares metal-base composites, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, first with mapping software draw requisite space structure stereomodel, during during in the stereomodel of requisite space structure such as Fig. 1, spheroid piles up space structure, Fig. 2, regular hexahedron piles up cellular construction, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, helical structure etc., utilize 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the gap of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then being burnt by plastics by the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry and obtain ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, in casting mold, adds metallic matrix melt, utilize pressure impregnation method to prepare metal-base composites.
Above-mentioned mapping software is depicted as the mapping softwares such as Solid Edge, Proe.
In described step 2, ceramic particle is the ZTA(Zirconia reinforced alumina of 60 ~ 250 mesh), aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, carborundum, one or more arbitrary proportion mixture in titanium carbide.
In described step 2, binding agent is Ludox, waterglass or aluminium metaphosphate, and binding agent addition is the 3 ~ 10% of ceramic particle quality.
The space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications by described step 2, the plastics in burn off template, and roasting 0.5 ~ 1.5h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 700 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C.
In described step 3, metallic matrix is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy or iron and steel.
In described step 3, pressure impregnation method includes extrusion casint, die casting, low pressure casting, lost foam casting.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the present invention utilizes 3D printing technique to prepare the ceramic particle precast body with Complicated Spatial Structure, can accurately control and wide variation ceramic space structural parameters (such as the shape of unit, thickness, size, spatial arrangement etc.)；Simultaneously by casting consolidation pressure, making molten metal be infiltrated up in ceramics preparative body structure interval and ceramic particle gap, it is possible to obtain dense structure, interface cohesion is good, the composite that the infiltration degree of depth is big.
2. the method that the present invention provides is convenient for automatic and mechanical batch production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic model A that spheroid of the present invention piles up space structure；
Fig. 2 is the unit three-dimensional illustraton of model B of the regular hexahedron space structure that the embodiment of the present invention 2 uses；
Fig. 3 is the stereoscopic model C of Double helix space structure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the stereoscopic model D of triangle spiral space structure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 regular hexahedron piles up space structure ZTA granule/high-manganese steel compound material three-dimensional software modeling figure；
Fig. 6 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 regular hexahedron piles up space structure ZTA granule/high-manganese steel compound material photo figure；
Fig. 7 is ZTA granule/high-manganese steel compound material microcosmic as-cast structure figure that the embodiment of the present invention 2 prepares；
Fig. 8 is ZTA granule/high-manganese steel compound material microcosmic heat treatment group figure that the embodiment of the present invention 2 prepares.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Prepare spheroid and pile up space structure toughening base steel composite material
This utilizes the method that 3D print space structure prepares metal-base composites, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, first with Solid
The stereomodel of requisite space structure is drawn by Edge mapping software, and in the stereomodel of requisite space structure such as Fig. 1, spheroid piles up space structure, and sphere diameter is 2.5mm, body-centered cubic stacking；Chain extension bar partial-length is 1mm, a diameter of 1mm, utilizes 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the entity part of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then being burnt by plastics by the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry and obtain ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；Wherein ceramic particle is the SiC of 80 mesh ~ 120 mesh, binding agent is aluminium metaphosphate, binding agent addition is the 3% of ceramic particle quality, the water adding ceramic particle quality 6% in ceramic particle and binding agent is mixed and made into slurry, the space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications, plastics in burn off template, and roasting 1h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 800 DEG C；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, metallic matrix melt is added in casting mold, pressure impregnation method is utilized to prepare metal-base composites, wherein potassium steel (ZGMn13) is formed at a temperature of 1450 DEG C melt cast to ceramic particle precast body, and the pressure applying 50MPa prepares spheroid and piles up space structure toughening base steel composite material.
Embodiment 2
Prepare regular hexahedron and pile up space structure toughening base steel composite material
This utilizes the method that 3D print space structure prepares metal-base composites, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, first with Proe mapping software draw requisite space structure stereomodel, in the stereomodel of requisite space structure such as Fig. 5, regular hexahedron piles up space structure, the cross section space length of side is 2.5mm, entity part thickness is 1.8mm, utilizes 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the gap of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then being burnt by plastics by the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry and obtain ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；Wherein ceramic particle is ZTA (Zirconia reinforced alumina) granule of 80 mesh ~ 120 mesh, binding agent is waterglass, binding agent addition is the 4% of ceramic particle quality, the water adding ceramic particle quality 5% in ceramic particle and binding agent is mixed and made into slurry, the space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications, plastics in burn off template, and roasting 0.5h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 900 DEG C；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, metallic matrix melt is added in casting mold, pressure impregnation method is utilized to prepare metal-base composites, wherein potassium steel (ZGMn13) is poured on ceramic particle precast body at a temperature of 1450 DEG C, and the pressure applying 70MPa prepares regular hexahedron and piles up space structure toughening base steel composite material, this regular hexahedron piles up space structure toughening base steel composite material product photo as shown in Figure 6, microcosmic as-cast structure figure as it is shown in fig. 7, microcosmic heat treatment group figure as shown in Figure 8.
Embodiment 3
Prepare Double helix space structure Metal Substrate based composites
This utilizes the method that 3D print space structure prepares metal-base composites, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, first with Proe mapping software draw requisite space structure stereomodel, the stereomodel Double helix space structure of requisite space structure, as it is shown on figure 3, the radius of spin is 1.8mm, pitch is 2mm.Utilize 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the entity interior hollow section of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then being burnt by plastics by the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry and obtain ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；Wherein ceramic particle is the TiC of 60 mesh ~ 120 mesh, binding agent is Ludox, binding agent addition is the 10% of ceramic particle quality, the water adding ceramic particle quality 7% in ceramic particle and binding agent is mixed and made into slurry, the space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications, plastics in burn off template, and roasting 1.5h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 700 DEG C；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, metallic matrix melt is added in casting mold, pressure impregnation method is utilized to prepare metal-base composites, wherein Cast aluminium alloy gold (ZAlSi7Mg) is formed melt cast to ceramic particle precast body at a temperature of 750 DEG C, and the pressure applying 70MPa prepares Double helix space structure metal-base composites.
Embodiment 4
Prepare triangle spiral space structural metal based composites
This utilizes the method that 3D print space structure prepares metal-base composites, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, first with Proe mapping software draw requisite space structure stereomodel, the stereomodel triangle spiral space structure of requisite space structure, as shown in Figure 4, length of side 2mm, the radius of spin is 1.8mm, and pitch is 3mm.Utilize 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the gap of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then being burnt by plastics by the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry and obtain ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；Wherein ceramic particle is the zirconium oxide that mass ratio is 1:1 and the silicon carbide blend of 60 mesh ~ 120 mesh, binding agent is Ludox, binding agent addition is the 8% of ceramic particle quality, the water adding ceramic particle quality 6.5% in ceramic particle and binding agent is mixed and made into slurry, the space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications, plastics in burn off template, and roasting 1.2h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 750 DEG C；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, metallic matrix melt is added in casting mold, pressure impregnation method is utilized to prepare metal-base composites, wherein cast copper alloy (ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2) is formed at a temperature of 990 DEG C melt cast to ceramic particle precast body, and the pressure applying 70MPa is prepared into triangle spiral space structural metal based composites.
Above in association with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art are possessed, it is also possible on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept, various changes can be made.
Claims (6)
1. one kind utilizes the method that 3D print space structure prepares metal-base composites, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps that
Step 1, the stereomodel drawing requisite space structure first with mapping software, utilize 3D printer that the space structure drawn out is printed as space structure plastic formwork；
Step 2, ceramic particle and binding agent are made into slurry, then by the gap of space structural plastic template in slurry perfusion to step 1, then by plastics burn off, the space structure plastic formwork high temperature sintering of perfusion slurry being obtained ceramic particle precast body, the temperature of high temperature sintering is determined by binding agent kind and pressure impregnation method；
Step 3, the ceramic particle precast body of step 2 is positioned in casting mold, in casting mold, adds metallic matrix melt, utilize pressure impregnation method to prepare metal-base composites；
Described space structure is that spheroid is piled up, regular hexahedron is piled up or helical structure.
The method that the 3D of utilization print space structure the most according to claim 1 prepares metal-base composites, it is characterised in that: one or more the arbitrary proportion mixture during ceramic particle is the ZTA of 60 ~ 250 mesh, aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, carborundum, titanium carbide in described step 2.
The method that the 3D of utilization print space structure the most according to claim 1 and 2 prepares metal-base composites, it is characterised in that: in described step 2, binding agent is Ludox, waterglass or aluminium metaphosphate, and binding agent addition is the 3 ~ 10% of ceramic particle quality.
The method that the 3D of utilization print space structure the most according to claim 1 and 2 prepares metal-base composites, it is characterized in that: the space structure plastic formwork of perfusion slurry is dried by described step 2 from 80 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C slow intensifications, plastics in burn off template, and roasting 0.5 ~ 1.5h obtains ceramic particle precast body at 700 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C.
The method that the 3D of utilization print space structure the most according to claim 1 and 2 prepares metal-base composites, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, metallic matrix is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy or iron and steel.
The method that the 3D of utilization print space structure the most according to claim 1 and 2 prepares metal-base composites, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, pressure impregnation method includes extrusion casint, die casting, low pressure casting, lost foam casting.
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