CN104520081A - 具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料 - Google Patents

具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料 Download PDF

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CN104520081A
CN104520081A CN201380041330.9A CN201380041330A CN104520081A CN 104520081 A CN104520081 A CN 104520081A CN 201380041330 A CN201380041330 A CN 201380041330A CN 104520081 A CN104520081 A CN 104520081A
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plastic composite
polymerized thing
xylon
xylon polymerized
weight portion
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J·Y·郑
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LX Hausys Ltd
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    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，所述透明表层通过应用多挤出方法额外地在木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的外表面上形成透明表层而提高产品的物理特性。为此，本发明包括：内层(11)，其通过使用混合物(其中选择性地引入和混合作为主材料的木粉、木片和长纤维中的一种或多种)而制造；和表层(12)，其形成于内层(11)的外表面上。根据本发明，产品的物理特性可通过应用多挤出方法额外地在木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的外表面上形成透明表层而提高，并可提供防止滑动、表面划痕、和污染的优点。

Description

具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，且更具体而言，涉及一种具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，所述透明表层能够通过多挤出方法(multi-extrusion process)额外地在内层的外表面上形成透明表层而提高产品的物理特性。
背景技术
一般而言，木材作为天然材料被广泛地使用，但其对于水而言不耐用且经过一段时间后会破裂甚至断裂，这会不期望地导致高昂的维修成本。为了克服上述缺点，已开发并提出木质聚合物/塑料复合材料(WPC)。
木质聚合物/塑料复合材料没有任何不利地发生于普通木材上的脱色、破裂和断裂问题。与天然木材不同，具体而言，木质聚合物/塑料复合材料对于水而言是耐用的，甚至在其用于外部材料的情况下，其也不易腐烂。因此，天然木材和防腐木材(preserved wood)用木质聚合物/塑料复合材料代替，此外，木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的市场规模已逐渐扩大。所述木质聚合物/塑料复合材料通过注塑成型(injection molding)或挤出成型(extrusion molding)制造。
聚烯烃诸如聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)等用作用于注塑成型或挤出成型的塑性材料，由于聚烯烃不具有任何毒性，所以木质聚合物/塑料复合材料适合作为环境友好型材料。在模塑时用木图案(wood pattern)雕刻或形成注塑成型产品，因此，可形成木材的纹理，而没有任何二次加工如印刷或涂覆。
挤出成型产品变成平板和方形材料，其常用于建筑材料中。
通常，木质聚合物/塑料复合材料有利地具有比天然材料更低的吸水性且不会腐烂。此外，木质聚合物/塑料复合材料具有相对较低的发泡量(foaming magnitude)并在其外表面形成高密度表层，因此，其具有足够高的强度以便可进行钉牢(nailing)或平整(smoothing)。
木质聚合物/塑料复合材料具有优异的物理特性而且还是环境友好和可再循环的，因此其广泛用作代替天然木材的新材料，因此，已开发了各种木质聚合物/塑料复合材料产品。
然而，需要通过强化木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的外表面以改善产品的物理特性，以便防止滑动和表面划痕并提供防污染功能。
发明内容
技术问题
因此，鉴于存在于现有技术中的上述问题而产生本发明，且本发明的目的是提供一种具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，所述透明表层可通过多挤出方法额外地在木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的外表面上形成透明表层而提高产品的物理特性。
技术方案
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其包括：内层，其通过使用一种凝胶型混合物而制造，所述凝胶型混合物中选自木粉、木片、和长纤维中的一种或多种作为主材料与聚合物树脂混合；表层，其透明地形成于内层的外表面上。
根据本发明，优选地，所述混合物包含10至90重量份的主材料和10至50重量份的聚合物树脂。
根据本发明，优选地，聚合物树脂包括选自PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PS、PC和PMMA中的一种或多种。
根据本发明，优选地，所述混合物选择性地包括添加剂，所述添加剂包含0.1至50重量份的增容剂、0.1至50重量份的填料、0.1至30重量份的抗氧化剂、0.1至30重量份的润滑剂和0.1至30重量份的颜料。
根据本发明，优选地，长纤维包括选自玉米纤维、椰纤维、棕榈树纤维、竹、稻杆、天然纤维(例如棉花、黄麻、羊毛、蚕丝等)、玻璃纤维、碳纤维和尼龙中的一种或多种。
根据本发明，优选地，表层包含选自硅砂、硅酮、聚碳酸酯(PC)、氢氧化钠溶液、以及透明的PP、PE、PVC和ABS中的一种或多种。
根据本发明，优选地，表层通过双挤出(double extrusion)、辊涂、浸渍、喷涂、注射和压制中的任何一种而形成。
根据本发明，优选地，表层形成于内层的顶面和底面上。
有益效果
根据本发明，产品的物理特性可通过多挤出方法额外地在木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的外表面上形成透明表层并有利地防止滑动、表面划痕和污染而提高。
附图说明
图1为示出本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的侧面剖视图。
图2为示出用于制造本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的设备的侧视图。
图3为示出图2的挤出模的内部的侧面剖视图。
附图标记
10：木质聚合物/塑料复合材料
11：内层
12：表层
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图对本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的结构和操作给出详细说明。
在本说明书中，应该指出的是对应于图中的那些部件由对应的附图标记表示。
图1为示出本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的侧面剖视图。
参考图1，本发明的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10包括：内层11，其通过使用一种凝胶型混合物而制造，所述凝胶型混合物中选自木粉、木片、和长纤维中的一种或多种作为主材料与聚合物树脂混合；和表层12，其透明地形成于内层11的外表面上。
在下文中，将详细地说明本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的结构。
参考内层11，首先，将用作内层11的主材料之一的木粉有利地引入到干燥机中，然后将其在80至120℃范围内的温度下加热，以使水含量范围为5至15重量％。换言之，在干燥温度为80℃或以下时，需要很长的一段时间以干燥木粉，相反，在高于120℃的干燥温度下进行剧烈干燥，因此引起木粉的张力组织(tense tissue)进行不想要的扭曲和变形。
通过干燥过程，木粉的水含量范围为5至15重量％，且在这种情况下，木粉可与其他材料缓慢地混合，而不添加任何单独的粘合剂。如果木粉的水含量高于15重量％时，木粉中的水分可在制造木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10时蒸发，因此产生气泡并弱化与聚合物树脂的粘合力，这正如稍后在与聚合物树脂混合时将讨论的。因此，可能不利地提供劣质产品。
除了木粉之外，在所述混合物中还包含木片和长纤维。在这种情况下，木片被有利地切割成范围为0.5至18cm的长度。换言之，如果木片切割成的长度为0.5cm或以下，则当木粉用作主材料时且当额外地包含木片时，其产生的物理特性(如抗压强度和冲击强度)之间差异很小。反之，如果木片切割成的长度大于18cm，则木片与橡胶材料的混合和模塑过程难以进行。
更优选地，木片切割成的长度范围为3至8cm，且在这种情况下，可改善物理特性(例如抗压强度和冲击强度)且可与其他材料更加容易地进行混合和模塑。
此外，将长纤维有利地切割成范围为0.5至18cm的长度。换言之，如果长纤维切割成的长度为0.5cm或以下，当木粉用作主材料时且当额外地含有长纤维时，其所产生的物理特性(如抗压强度和冲击强度)之间差异很小。反之，如果长纤维切割成的长度大于18cm，则木片与橡胶材料的混合和模塑过程难以进行。然而，当木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10进行挤出成型时，如果长纤维与木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10的纵向平行而进行模塑，则它们可以在其长度不受限制的情况下模塑。
在这种情况下，有利地，长纤维包括选自玉米纤维、椰纤维、棕榈树纤维、竹、稻杆、天然纤维(例如棉花、黄麻、羊毛、蚕丝等)、增强的聚合物纤维(如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、尼龙等)，和钢丝中的一种或多种。
在这种情况下，木片和长纤维的含水量越低，木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10的成型性越好。以与上文所述相同的方式，例如，将木片和长纤维进行干燥，由此它们具有在5重量％至15重量％范围内的含水量。
在切割和干燥过程后，主材料与聚合物树脂和添加剂混合以形成混合物。在这种情况下，优选地，混合物通过以下步骤制成：向混合机中选择性地放入选自木粉、木片和长纤维、10至50重量份的聚合物树脂，以及包含0.1至50重量份的增容剂、0.1至50重量份的填料、0.1至30重量份的抗氧化剂、0.1至30重量份润滑剂和0.1至30重量份的颜料的添加剂中的一种或多种；并在给定的时间内混合它们。更优选地，所述混合物包含50至80重量份的选自木粉、木片和长纤维、10至40重量份的聚合物树脂、以及小于10重量份的添加剂中的一种或多种。
在这种情况下，聚合物树脂包含选自PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PS、PC和PMMA中的一种或多种。
在制造混合物后，通过特定的模塑法制成木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10的内层11。在这种情况下，内层11有利地通过挤出成型模塑，但其当然可通过注塑成型或压制而制成。
表层12通过向内层11的外表面施用透明挤出材料而形成。在这种情况下，优选地，表层12通过向内层11的外表面施用通过混合选自硅砂、硅酮、聚碳酸酯(PC)、氢氧化钠溶液和透明PP、PE、PVC和ABS中的一种或多种制成的挤出材料而形成。
在这种情况下，表层12通过双挤出、辊涂、浸渍、喷涂、注射和压制中的任何一种而形成，且优选地，形成厚度范围为0.1至100mm的表层12。换言之，表层12的厚度决定了与内层11的接触力的程度。此外，根据材料的选择和加工条件与表层12的厚度，在表层12进行模塑时可引起气泡产生和透明度降低。如果表层12的厚度大于100mm，则在表层12上引起气泡产生和透明度降低，因此，表层12的厚度应有利地小于100mm。木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10有利地包括3至15重量份的表层12，基于100重量份的全部混合物计。
此外，表层12以这样的一种方式有利地形成于内层11的顶面和底面上，即，使其与结构上位于左侧和右侧的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10接触。当然，表层12可形成于内层11的顶面、底面、左表面和右表面。
接下来，参考图2和图3，将对本发明的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料10的制造过程给出说明。在这种情况下，例如，通过挤出制成内层11和表层12。
图2为示出用于制造本发明的具有透明表层的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料的设备的侧视图，且图3为示出图2的挤出模的内部的侧面剖视图。
首先，制造内层11的混合物(其被放入到构成主挤出机110的料斗11中)通过加热器的加热在加热筒113的内部溶解，然后，混合物通过挤出螺杆送到挤出头中以通过挤出模塑内层11。
同时，用于形成表层12的材料(其被放入到构成副挤出机120的料斗121中)通过加热器的加热在加热筒123的内部溶解，接下来，材料通过挤出螺杆送到挤出头中然后挤出。
通过主挤出机110挤出的用于内层11的挤出材料通过挤出模130的挤出孔131。此外，通过副挤出机120挤出的挤出材料供给从形成于挤出模130内部的通道133穿过挤出孔131的内层11的外表面，以在内层11的外表面形成具有特定厚度的透明表层12。
通过上述过程，其上形成有木图案的本发明合成木材通过后加工(如冷却和切割)变成产品。
虽然本发明已参考具体的说明性实施方案进行描述，但本发明并不受限于实施方案而仅受限于所附的权利要求书。应理解，本领域技术人员可在不背离本发明的范围和实质的情况下改变或修改所述实施方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其包含：
内层11，其通过使用一种混合物制造，所述混合物中选自木粉、木片、和长纤维中的一种或多种作为主材料与聚合物树脂混合；以及
表层12，其透明地形成于内层11上。
2.权利要求1的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中所述混合物包含10至90重量份的主材料和10至50重量份的聚合物树脂。
3.权利要求2的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中聚合物树脂包含选自PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PS、PC和PMMA中的一种或多种。
4.权利要求2的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中所述混合物选择性地包括包含0.1至50重量份的增容剂、0.1至50重量份的填料、0.1至30重量份的抗氧化剂、0.1至30重量份的润滑剂和0.1至30重量份的颜料的添加剂。
5.权利要求1或2的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中长纤维包含选自玉米纤维、椰纤维、棕榈树纤维、竹、稻杆、天然纤维如棉花、黄麻、羊毛、蚕丝等，玻璃纤维、碳纤维、尼龙中的一种或多种。
6.权利要求1的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中表层12包含选自硅砂、硅酮、聚碳酸酯(PC)、氢氧化钠溶液，和透明PP、PE、PVC和ABS中的一种或多种。
7.权利要求1或6的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中表层12通过双挤出、辊涂、浸渍、喷涂、注射和压制中的任何一种而形成。
8.权利要求7的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中形成厚度范围为0.1至100mm的表层12。
9.权利要求8的木质聚合物/塑料复合材料，其中表层12形成于内层11的顶面和底面上。
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CN101570639A (zh) * 2009-06-10 2009-11-04 东北林业大学 阻燃型木塑复合材料及其制备方法
KR20110065590A (ko) * 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 (주)엘지하우시스 난연성 및 경제성이 우수한 합성 목재 및 이의 제조방법
CN101767362A (zh) * 2010-03-05 2010-07-07 华南师范大学 一种长效防霉木塑复合材料及其制备方法
CN101875790A (zh) * 2010-08-09 2010-11-03 东北林业大学 表面水解改性芳纶纤维增强木塑复合材料及其制备方法
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