CN104500034B - Device and method for evaluating influence of pressure change on completeness of cement sheath - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating influence of pressure change on completeness of cement sheath Download PDFInfo
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- CN104500034B CN104500034B CN201410833440.5A CN201410833440A CN104500034B CN 104500034 B CN104500034 B CN 104500034B CN 201410833440 A CN201410833440 A CN 201410833440A CN 104500034 B CN104500034 B CN 104500034B
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for real simulation of underground environments, completeness maintaining of experiment equipment, and accurate and omnibearing evaluation of completeness of a cement sheath. The device mainly comprises an upper end cap, a lower end cap, an outer pipe, a middle pipe, the cement sheath, a sleeve pipe, a long source distance sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT (segmented bond tool)) and a high-temperature and high-pressure kettle. The method comprises the following steps of utilizing the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle to simulate the stratum temperature pressure of the curing and forming of the cement sheath; loading and unloading an inner annulus and an outer annulus, so as to simulate the actions of change of well shaft pressure and stratum pressure on the cement sheath under the actual working condition; utilizing a transmitting probe and a receiving probe of the SBT to continuously transmit and receive acoustic wave signals, and performing the omnibearing and high-resolution compensation type attenuation rate measurement, so as to obtain the bonding qualities of a first interface and a second interface of the cement sheath of the well cementing cement sheath under the actual stratum environment, and the amounts, sizes and bearings of cracks and channeling in the cement sheath. The device and the method have the advantage that the underground environment can be really simulated in the omnibearing way, so as to accurately and efficiently evaluate the completeness of the well cementing cement sheath, provide the new method and basis for indoor cement slurry evaluation systems and sites to take the targeted measures, and improve the well cementing quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum gas cementing concrete ring integrity detection field, specifically a kind of to evaluate down-hole pressure change
Change the device and method affected on cement sheath integrity.
Background technology
In the drilling process of petroleum gas, the purpose of well cementation is to insulate stratum, reinforcing well, set up sealing property
Flow channel in good well, to ensure to continue safe and efficient drilling, and ensures later stage operation (formation testing, stimulation work etc.) and life
That what is produced is normally carried out.And above-mentioned well cementation purpose will be realized, then cement sheath that need to be between stratum and sleeve outer wall keeps good
Integrity.Wherein, the glue of the first interface (interface of cement sheath and sleeve pipe) and second contact surface (interface on cement sheath and stratum)
Knot quality and cement sheath internal fissure, the quantity for altering groove, size and orientation are to evaluate the key parameter of cement sheath integrity.
Cement sheath integrity referred in Oil/gas Well during one's term of military service, and cement sheath keeps good structural intergrity and fully functional
Property.And casing pressure test, high-pressure gas well drilling fluid density are greatly lowered, alternating pressure, the pressure that gas production is produced is noted in underground natural gas storage tank
Operation and strata pressure change etc. are split, may all cause cement sheath integrity failure, so as to cause many complex working conditions, such as：1)
The destruction of cement sheath integrity causes Inter-zonal packing to fail so that alters on gas and causes annular space with pressure, once and exceed permissible value
Potential security incident will be induced；2) especially for the " three high " gas well containing corrosive gas, annular space is with pressure also make packer with
Upper sleeve pipe is directly exposed in corrosive atmosphere, greatly reduces the service life of sleeve pipe；3) destruction of cement sheath integrity is led
Cause the outer oil of sleeve pipe, gas and water easily to alter logical, cause target zone production capacity, petrophysical anomaly, so as to can not accurately obtain the evaluation of oil-gas reservoir
Parameter.
Therefore, subsurface environment is truly simulated, accurately and efficiently detects the first interface of cement sheath and the cementing matter of second contact surface
Amount and cement sheath internal fissure, the quantity for altering groove, size and orientation, evaluate the integrity of cement sheath, and then are based on evaluation result,
Specific aim measure is taken in time, it is ensured that the quality and safety of engineering, this is particularly important to site safety, efficient production.
At present, for cementing concrete ring integrity detection field, the FMA7150 has channelings of thousand get Le companies of U.S. research and development evaluate instrument, can mould
Intend cement slurry water loss and has channeling process, but affected by the apparatus structure and performance, it is impossible to which true simulation cement sheath is high in down-hole
Strata pressure is tested with the anti-channeling under wellbore pressure effect；Domestic China Petroleum Group Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd proposes
" a kind of well cementation later stage anti-gas channeling simulation test device ", a kind of " simulated pressure change for proposing of China National Offshore Oil Corporation
The device and methods such as the method for causing cementing failure of cementing the well ", the shortcoming for FMA7150 are improved, and can simulate cement
Has channeling experiment of the ring under down-hole high formation pressure with wellbore pressure effect.But, above-mentioned experimental provision and method still suffer from compared with
Big limitation：(1) this kind of method is with the gas injection of cement sheath one end, and the centre position or cement sheath in cement sheath short transverse
Whether the other end detects gas, used as judging whether cement sheath and sleeve pipe produce microannulus, crack, alter groove and evaluate cement sheath
The standard of integrity, but this method can only detect that cement sheath has formed the fairly large work linked up microannulus, crack, alter groove
Condition, it is impossible to detect the microannulus do not linked up, crack, alter groove；(2), after has channeling experiment terminates, cement sheath need to integrally be dissected,
To analyze whether cement sheath at section produces crack, but this method not only breaking test equipment, and in anatomic course,
Cement sheath is acted on by dissection and is induced pre-existing fracture to be developed, or develop new crack, thus affect the standard of testing result
True property.
By the discovery of researching and analysing to domestic and international cementing concrete ring integrity detection instrument, existing detector can only be determined
Property detection cement sheath formed and larger link up microannulus, crack, alter the operating mode of groove, it is impossible in true simulation underground working, keep
While experimental facilitiess integrity, accurately efficient detection by quantitative cement sheath do not link up microannulus, crack, the quantity for altering groove,
Size and orientation, and do not link up microannulus, crack, alter groove and rapidly can be changed into communication under certain subsurface environment on a large scale
Microannulus, crack, groove is altered, so as to jeopardize construction quality and safety.
Therefore, it is detection by quantitative cementing concrete ring integrity, and overcomes existing cementing concrete ring integrity detection instrument not
Foot, based on the logging principle of long space sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT), the present invention proposes a kind of evaluation pressure change pair
New device and method that cement sheath integrity affects.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind can truly simulate subsurface environment, take into account and keep the same of experimental facilitiess integrity
When, accurately and efficiently detect the first interface of cement sheath and second contact surface bonding quality and cement sheath internal fissure, alter the number of groove
Amount, size and orientation, evaluate the device and method of cement sheath integrity, and adopt as Lab-evaluation mortar architecture and scene
Take specific aim measure and new method and foundation are provided, so as to improve cementing quality.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
It is proposed by the present invention to evaluate the device that pressure change is affected on cement sheath integrity, mainly include：Second gas outlet,
Lower end cap, outer tube, outer annular space, intervalve, cement sheath, sleeve pipe, the first gas injection port, interior annular space, copper washer, air valve, pressure
Table, the second gas injection port, the first joint, the 3rd gas injection port, nut, rubber seal, upper plug head, transmitting probe, long space sector
Cement bond logging unit (SBT), receiving transducer, adapter, the first gas outlet, the second joint, the 3rd gas outlet.Wherein, turn
Changing-over head, the first joint, the second joint and both sides are mounted on the long space sector cement bonding of transmitting probe and receiving transducer
20 core composeds of logging instrument SBT, and the small interior annular space of simulation wellbore hole is cleverly formed by mandrel and sleeve pipe, on the one hand subtract
Gas injection rate needed for little pressurization, on the other hand reduces the load for acting on lower end cap, so as to improve total
Safety；Outer tube, intervalve and sleeve pipe are fixed between upper plug head and lower end cap by mandrel and nut；Intervalve is used for
Simulated formation, and pass through the outside annular space injection gases at high pressure of the first gas injection port, simulated formation pressure, and to sleeve pipe and intervalve institute
The annular space injection cement mortar of formation, is placed into high temperature and high pressure kettle maintenance molding, simulates molding of the cement sheath under actual condition
Journey.
SBT of the present invention is split inside the first interface of cement sheath and second contact surface bonding quality and cement sheath for detecting
Seam, quantity, size and the orientation for altering groove, evaluate cement sheath integrity.
Upper lower end cap of the present invention has circular bead surface, plane, the feature of the conical surface in structure, establishes plug respectively
The conical surface between outer tube is sealed to the shoulder between conical surface seal, plug and sleeve pipe and the plane between plug and intervalve
Sealing, wherein, outer tube two ends are tapered, and length is slightly shorter than intervalve, not only realizes metal sealing of the conical surface to the conical surface, and
And sealing dead point is avoided, it is achieved thereby that whole device positive sealing in a high voltage state.
Outer tube of the present invention, upper plug head, the first joint are respectively arranged with first, second, third gas injection port, and
Air valve and pressure gauge are installed, to be respectively used to outside annular space, cement sheath space and interior annular space injection high pressure gas on two gas injection ports
Body；Lower end cap is provided with first, second gas outlet, and the gases at high pressure of rear outer annular space are terminated in the first gas outlet for release experiment,
And the second gas outlet is used to be released through the gas of cement sheath；Second joint is provided with the 3rd gas outlet, ties for release experiment
The gases at high pressure of annular space in after beam.
The present invention is provided with lower end cap, and is coupled by mandrel and nut enforcement fastening.
Long space sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT) has 6 pole plates, has 1 transmitting and 1 reception to visit on each pole plate
Head, 66 receipts, are respectively used to launch sound wave and receive sound wave altogether；6 power backup arms that SBT is installed during well logging, it is each one
Block is launched and receive transducer slide plate is attached on internal surface of sleeve pipe, and 12 high frequency directional transducers on 6 pole plates are constantly launched
With reception acoustic signals, comprehensive high-resolution compensation attenuation rate measurement is carried out.The highly attenuating rate reflection water that measurement is obtained
Mud is cemented, and low attenuation rate reflection cementing is poor.As 6 area informations that 6 pole plates are adhered to separately are measured during well logging simultaneously, because
And the sleeve pipe cementing appraisal curve of available 6 subregions, thus obtain each subregion high accuracy, cement gel of high reliability
Knot information.And by sound width maximum attenuation rate, sound width minimal attenuation rate and average attenuation rate, average sound width, relative bearing RB,
The interpretive analysises of 5 feet of sources away from variable density VDL, inside the first interface of detection cement sheath, second contact surface bonding quality and cement sheath
Crack, the quantity for altering groove, size and orientation, evaluate cement sheath integrity.
Need it is emphasized that SBT can continually and steadily work in the harsh subsurface environment of up to 137MPa, 175 DEG C, completely
Meet the requirement of the present invention.
The present invention is had the advantage that compared with prior art：
(1) actual condition of the present invention energy full-scale simulation cementing concrete ring in down-hole；
(2) present invention can be while experimental facilitiess integrity be kept, accurate efficient detection by quantitative cement sheath ditch
Lead to and do not link up microannulus, crack, the quantity for altering groove, size and orientation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation.
Specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, device proposed by the present invention mainly includes：Second gas outlet 1, lower end cap 2, outer tube 3, outer shroud
Empty 4, intervalve 5, cement sheath 6, sleeve pipe 7, the first gas injection port 8, interior annular space 9, copper washer 10, air valve 11, pressure gauge 12, second
Gas injection port 13, the first joint 14, the 3rd gas injection port 15, nut 16, rubber seal 17, upper plug head 18, transmitting probe 19, Chang Yuan
Away from sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT) 20, receiving transducer 21, adapter 22, the first gas outlet 23, the second joint 24,
Three gas outlets 25.
Goal of the invention, technical scheme and advantage to make the present invention becomes apparent from, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1 pair of tool of the invention
Body embodiment is illustrated, and its detailed step is as follows：
Step one：To the annular space injection cement mortar that intervalve 5 is constituted with sleeve pipe 7, cement sheath maintenance mould, and difference are constituted
Vacant one section in both mold ends, then mould is inserted into high temperature and high pressure kettle, the temperature, pressure in high temperature and high pressure kettle is adjusted to correspondingly
Layer temperature, pressure, with simulating down-hole actual behavior, conserves cement mortar to 6 molding of cement sheath；
Step 2：By long space sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT) 20 pass through adapter 22 and the first joint 14, the
Two joints 24 connect, and constitute mandrel；
Step 3：The cement sheath maintenance mould of maintenance molding is taken out, the relevant position of lower end cap 2, and profit is attached it to
Sealed with shoulder, rubber seal 17 and copper washer 10；
Step 4：Outer tube 3 is installed to 2 relevant position of lower end cap, metal sealing of the conical surface to the conical surface is realized；
Step 5：Make mandrel two ends be each passed through upper plug head 18 and lower end cap 2, and sealing is realized using shoulder, while logical
Cross nut 16 and fasten whole experimental provision, complete assembling；
Step 6：Operation long space sector cement bond logging instrument (SBT) 20, using transmitting probe 19 and receiving transducer 21
Constantly transmitting and reception acoustic signals, carry out comprehensive high-resolution compensation attenuation rate measurement, obtain 6 molding of cement sheath
Initial integrity data afterwards；
Step 7：If analysis initial integrity number it has been found that cement sheath first, second cement plane and inside have ditch entire crack
Seam, the presence for altering groove, then inject gas to the annular space above cement sheath by the second gas injection port 13, until the second gas outlet 1
Pressure gauge reading changes, and records the pressure gauge reading of now the second gas injection port 13, and the value is to be occurred under this operating mode
The startup pressure of has channeling；
Step 8：If analysis initial integrity number it has been found that cement sheath (6) first, second cement plane and inside do not have
Link up crack, alter the presence of groove, then gas is injected by the 3rd gas injection port 15,8 inside annular space 9 of the first gas injection port, outer annular space 4 respectively
Body, till when pressure gauge reading reaches setting value, and keeps the pressure certain hour, then, by the 3rd gas outlet 24,
One gas outlet, 23 pressure release changes the effect to cement sheath to pressure is set with simulation wellbore hole pressure and strata pressure；
Step 9：After completing step 8, repeat step six and step 7.
Step 10：After completing above-mentioned steps, by first, second, third gas outlet, 23,1,24 complete pressure release, reality is completed
Test.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of to evaluate the device that pressure change is affected on cement sheath integrity, it is characterised in that device mainly includes：Second goes out
QI KOU (1), lower end cap (2), outer tube (3), outer annular space (4), intervalve (5), cement sheath (6), sleeve pipe (7), the first gas injection port
(8), interior annular space (9), copper washer (10), air valve (11), pressure gauge (12), the second gas injection port (13), the first joint (14),
Three gas injection ports (15), nut (16), rubber seal (17), upper plug head (18), transmitting probe (19), long space sector cement gel
Knot logging instrument SBT (20), receiving transducer (21), adapter (22), the first gas outlet (23), the second joint (24), the 3rd go out
QI KOU (25)；Wherein, adapter (22), the first joint (14), the second joint (24) and both sides are mounted on transmitting probe
(19) and receiving transducer (21) long space sector cement bond logging instrument SBT (20) core composed, and mandrel and sleeve pipe (7) it
Between the ingenious small interior annular space (9) for defining simulation wellbore hole, can obviously reduce pressurization needed for gas injection rate；Outer tube (3), centre
Pipe (5) and sleeve pipe (7) are fixed between upper plug head (18) and lower end cap (2) by mandrel and nut (16), are shorter than intervalve
(5) metal sealing of the outer tube (3) using the conical surface to the conical surface, and sealing dead point is avoided, intervalve (5) adopts copper washer
(10) seal, sleeve pipe (7) is sealed using copper washer (10) and rubber seal (17), and outer tube (3) is formed with intervalve (5)
Outer annular space (4), and between intervalve (5) and sleeve pipe (7), it is cement sheath (6)；First gas injection port (8), the second gas injection port (13),
Three gas injection ports (15) are located at outer tube (3), upper plug head (18), the first joint (14) respectively, and pacify on the second gas injection port (13)
Equipped with air valve (11) and pressure gauge (12)；First gas outlet (23) and the second gas outlet (1) are positioned at lower end cap (2), the 3rd outlet
Mouth (25) is positioned at the second joint (24).
2. a kind of to evaluate the method that pressure change is affected on cement sheath integrity, which adopts the evaluation pressure described in claim 1
Change the device affected on cement sheath integrity, it is characterised in that：Step one：To the annular space that intervalve (5) and sleeve pipe (7) are constituted
Injection cement mortar, constitutes cement sheath maintenance mould, and respectively vacant one section in both mold ends, then mould is inserted into High Temperature High Pressure
Kettle, adjusts the temperature, pressure in high temperature and high pressure kettle to corresponding stratum temperature, pressure, with simulating down-hole actual behavior, conserves cement mortar
To cement sheath (6) molding；Step 2：SBT (20) is connected with the first joint (14), the second joint (24) by adapter (22)
Connect, constitute mandrel；Step 3：The cement sheath maintenance mould of maintenance molding is taken out, the corresponding positions of lower end cap (2) are attached it to
Put, and sealed using shoulder, rubber seal (17) and copper washer (10)；Step 4：Outer tube (3) is installed to block up to lower
Head (2) relevant position, realizes metal sealing of the conical surface to the conical surface；Step 5：Make mandrel two ends be each passed through upper plug head (18) and
Lower end cap (2), and sealing is realized using shoulder, while whole experimental provision is fastened by nut (16), complete assembling；Step
Six：Operation SBT (20), constantly launches and receives acoustic signals using transmitting probe (19) and receiving transducer (21), carry out complete
The high-resolution compensation attenuation rate measurement in orientation, obtains the initial integrity data after cement sheath (6) molding；Step 7：If
Analysis initial integrity number it has been found that cement sheath (6) first, second cement plane and inside have and link up crack, alter the presence of groove,
Gas is injected by the annular space above the second gas injection port (13) to cement sheath (6) then, until the pressure gauge of the second gas outlet (1) is read
Number changes, and records the pressure gauge reading of now the second gas injection port (13), and the value is and issues what anger was altered in this operating mode
Start pressure；Step 8：If analysis initial integrity number it has been found that cement sheath (6) first, second cement plane and inside do not have
Link up crack, alter the presence of groove, then respectively by the 3rd gas injection port (15), the first gas injection port (8) inside annular space (9), outer annular space
(4) gas is injected, till when pressure gauge reading reaches setting value, and keeps the pressure certain hour, then, go out by the 3rd
QI KOU (25), (23) pressure release of the first gas outlet are changed to cement sheath to pressure is set with simulation wellbore hole pressure and strata pressure
Effect；Step 9：After completing step 8, SBT (20) is run again, if first, second cement plane of cement sheath (6) and inside have
Link up crack, alter the presence of groove, then carry out the startup stress test of has channeling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410833440.5A CN104500034B (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | Device and method for evaluating influence of pressure change on completeness of cement sheath |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410833440.5A CN104500034B (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | Device and method for evaluating influence of pressure change on completeness of cement sheath |
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| CN104500034A CN104500034A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104500034B true CN104500034B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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