CN109611080A - A kind of indoor simulation device and method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality - Google Patents
A kind of indoor simulation device and method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN109611080A CN109611080A CN201811503694.5A CN201811503694A CN109611080A CN 109611080 A CN109611080 A CN 109611080A CN 201811503694 A CN201811503694 A CN 201811503694A CN 109611080 A CN109611080 A CN 109611080A
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- simulated formation
- casing
- ultrasonic probe
- wall
- annular space
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of indoor simulation devices and method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality comprising sealing bucket, simulated formation, casing, ultrasonic probe component and ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device；Sealing bucket includes staving and sealing cover, and staving is the tubular structure of upper end opening, lower end closed, and cylindrical protrusions are arranged in staving；Simulated formation is arranged in staving, is reserved with gap at the top of simulated formation between sealing cover inner wall, and simulated formation bottom interval is set on the outside of the cylindrical protrusions of staving bottom, and the first annular space is formed between simulated formation outer wall and inner wall of barrel；Casing is coaxially plugged in simulated formation, and casing top is fastened in the card slot of sealing cover inner wall, and casing part is closely set on the outside of cylindrical protrusions；The second annular space is formed between simulated formation inner wall and sleeve outer wall；Ultrasonic probe component is coaxially plugged in casing, and ultrasonic probe component is connected with ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device.The present invention can be widely applied to well cementation evaluation field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum natural gas exploration fields, more particularly to a kind of room for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality
Interior simulation device and method.
Background technique
Barrier of cementing the well mainly includes casing, cement sheath, stratum, casing-cement sheath cementation interface, cement sheath-formation cementation
Interface.In its each stage in oil/gas well life cycle, the control to fluid in pit shaft and stratum is all top priority.Such as
Uncontrolled flowing occurs for fruit fluid, and oil/gas well does not just have integrality on physics and function, it is possible to cause serious
, even catastrophic consequence.Important component of the cement sheath as oil gas well shaft, major function are exactly in order to anti-
The only formation fluid channelling during drilling well, production and transformation, and be effectively fixed and supporting sleeve.In recent years, with exploration
Development process is carried out in a deep going way, and most oil field developments enter the middle and later periods, and the storey increase designs measures such as fluid injection, acidification, pressure break obtain
To extensive use, but there is asking for the cement sheaths sealing integrities such as annular space with pressure, crossflow failure in more and more wells
Topic, especially for high-pressure gas well, the annular pressure abnormal phenomenon in production process is very universal, and sealing performance is as water
How the direct Measure Indexes of mud ring integrality are realized most important to its quantitative assessment.
It cements the well at present for real one second interface environment of simulated formation and to it, measures well cementation using logger
The experimental method of sound width curve is seldom, and the evaluation of the cement sheath bonding quality on pit shaft any direction is studied not at home
It is enough.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of evaluate cement sheath bonding quality indoor simulation device and
Method simulates practical well cementing of cement by laboratory physical model, (can be real using acoustic logging evaluation well cementing of cement quality
Cement sheath bonding quality assessment on any direction in existing pit shaft), reasonable primary cement evaluation foundation is provided for scene.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of indoor mould for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality
Quasi- device comprising sealing bucket, simulated formation, casing, ultrasonic probe component and ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device；It is described
Sealing bucket includes bolted staving and sealing cover, and the staving is in the tubular structure of upper end opening, lower end closed, described
Staving bottom interior wall is provided with cylindrical protrusions used for positioning, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical protrusions and described sleeve pipe is interior
Diameter matches, and is offered in the middle part of the sealing cover for the ultrasonic probe component and the ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device phase
Conducting wire even connects hole；The simulated formation is arranged in the staving of the sealing bucket, the simulated formation top and the sealing
Gap is reserved between lid inner wall, the simulated formation bottom interval is set on the outside of the cylindrical protrusions of the staving bottom,
The first annular space is formed between the simulated formation outer wall and the inner wall of barrel；Described sleeve pipe is coaxially plugged in the simulation ground
In layer, described sleeve pipe top is fastened in the card slot of the sealing cover inner wall, and described sleeve pipe lower part is closely set in the cylinder
Shape protrusion outside；The second annular space is formed between the simulated formation inner wall and described sleeve pipe outer wall, second annular space is for filling
Infuse test medium or cementing concrete；The ultrasonic probe component is coaxially plugged in described sleeve pipe, and the ultrasonic probe component is logical
It crosses conducting wire and is connected with the ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device being arranged in outside the sealing bucket.
The ultrasonic probe component includes probe carrier axis and first, second liang of ultrasonic probe group；The probe carrier
Axis is plugged between two parties in the casing in simulated formation, is provided with rotatable compass with a scale at the top of the probe carrier axis；Institute
It states rotatable compass size to match with simulated formation well head size, for driving the probe carrier axis on the simulation ground
The internal any rotation of layer, and it is consistent with the rotation angle of the probe carrier axis；The first ultrasonic probe group perpendicular separation is solid
Fixed to be arranged on the probe carrier axis, any two probe can constitute the first ultrasound in the first ultrasonic probe group
Detection is combined, and two ultrasonic probes in each first supersonic sounding combination are respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer；
The second ultrasonic probe group be arranged at intervals on on the probe carrier axis of the first ultrasonic probe group opposite side, and institute
Each second ultrasonic probe and the angled setting of the probe carrier axis, second ultrasound in the second ultrasonic probe group is stated to visit
The second ultrasonic probe of any two can constitute the combination of the second supersonic sounding, each second supersonic sounding group in head group
Two the second ultrasonic probes in conjunction are respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer.
In the second ultrasonic probe group, the angle between each second ultrasonic probe and the probe carrier axis is
Two critical angles.
The ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device includes the digital oscilloscope being sequentially connected, pulse generation receiving instrument, high speed
Transient signal Acquisition Instrument and terminal；The digital oscilloscope is connected by signal wire with the ultrasonic probe component, right
The acoustic waveform of the received ultrasonic probe component is shown；The pulse generation receiving instrument is to the ultrasonic probe group
The acoustic characteristic of the tested point of part acquisition carries out evaluation and testing performance index and sends the result to the high-speed transient signal
Acquisition Instrument；The high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument carries out analog/digital conversion to received signal, and reception signal is become numerical quantities
And it is sent to the terminal；The tested point that the terminal sends the high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument
Well cementation sound width curve is analyzed and processed, and obtains casing wave, formation wave, cement sheath wave number evidence.
A kind of indoor simulation method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality comprising following steps: 1) Preparatory work of experiment works；
2) it after the completion of Preparatory work of experiment work, is injected respectively into the first annular space, the second annular space and casing according to actual condition corresponding real
Test medium；3) the well cementation sound width curve that time point to be measured is measured using pulse generation receiving instrument, reads well cementation sound width curve Mintrop wave
The time point of peak arrival time, measurement are adjusted according to the actual situation；4) cementing to cement sheath according to well cementation sound width curve
Situation is judged, cement sheath bonding quality result is obtained.
In the step 1), Preparatory work of experiment work is the following steps are included: 1.1) according to the lithology component system to simulated formation
Make tubular simulated formation；1.2) simulated formation to complete is placed in the middle part of the staving of sealing bucket；1.3) according to practical work
Free pipe or the casing with cementing model are put into simulated formation by condition, and make the free pipe after being put into or
Casing and simulated formation with cementing model have coaxial relation；1.4) in free pipe or with cementing mould
Fix ultrasonic probe component in the casing of type, then by the ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device phase of ultrasonic probe component and outside
Even.
The production method of the simulated formation are as follows: mold is produced first, then according to the lithology component to simulated formation
Slurry is prepared with ratio, then slurry is poured into mold, by mold and simulated formation point when slurry is gradually shaped and do not flowed
From simulated formation after separation is In Shade to make the abundant aquation of ingredient therein, thus completes the production of simulated formation.
The production method of the casing with cementing model are as follows: it is equal to select two angles at random in the radial direction of casing
Even smearing mud, one of angle are uniformly to smear mud in sleeve outer wall to form the first interface microgap, second angle
It is uniformly to smear mud on corresponding simulated formation inner wall, after mud parches, the casing and simulated formation of mud will be coated with
Inner wall between the first annular space inject cement slurry, injection process should slowly, guarantee injection process in not form bubble, cement
The height of ring is higher than one ultrasonic probe of highest in entire ultrasonic probe component, after to be implanted, Hou Ning.
In the step 2), injected respectively into the first annular space, the second annular space and casing according to actual condition corresponding real
The method for testing medium are as follows: when using free pipe, then to the first annular space, the casing constituted between simulated formation and sealing bucket
Injection experiments medium in the second annular space and casing constituted between supersonic sounding component, so that test medium liquid level
To simulated formation upper port, water surface elevation is concordant with the holding of simulated formation upper port, later connects sealing cover and staving bolt
It connects；When using the casing with cementing model, then to the first annular space, the set constituted between simulated formation and sealing bucket
Injection experiments medium in managing, into casing and the second annular space of simulated formation composition, injection cementing concrete forms cementing concrete ring,
Sealing cover and staving are bolted later.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1) present invention passes through to sealing bucket, simulation
The evaluation method of free pipe and cementing model is simulated in the rational design on stratum, measures experimental data effecting reaction set
Pipe-cementing the situation in cement sheath-stratum；2) present invention is due to the laterally sonic probe of upper 5 vertical pipes and 4 tiltedly transmittings
Sonic probe can carry out any transmitting and reception combination, test the cement sheath interface agglutination of different layers position；3) present invention by
In probe carrier axis can in model well 360 degree rotation so that the vertical probe upwardly through any rotation is surveyed
Examination, realizes the judgement of cementing on any direction；4) present invention can be by the size of acoustic waveform the first amplitude, directly
The judgement cement sheath bonding quality of sight, well logging sonic system have higher longitudinal resolution and lateral recognition capability, are that cement sheath is cementing
Quality estimation improves reliable foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the indoor simulation device of present invention evaluation cement sheath bonding quality device；
Fig. 2 is the free pipe combination experiment overlooking structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) is the free pipe acoustic waveform curve graph of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 4 is cementing combination experiment overlooking structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 5 is that an interface agglutination of the embodiment of the present invention two is bad, the well cementation sound width curve graph that second interface cements；
Fig. 6 is the second interface weak bonding of the embodiment of the present invention two, the good well cementation sound width curve graph of an interface agglutination.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of indoor simulation device for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality proposed by the present invention comprising: it is close
Seal bucket 1, simulated formation 2, casing 3, ultrasonic probe component 4 and ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device (not shown).Its
In, sealing bucket 1 includes bolted staving 11 and sealing cover 12, and staving 11 is in the tubular knot of upper end opening, lower end closed
Structure, 11 bottom interior wall of staving are provided with cylindrical protrusions 13 used for positioning, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical protrusions 13 and casing 3
Internal diameter match, offer in the middle part of sealing cover 12 and led for ultrasonic probe component 4 with what ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device was connected
Line connects hole；The setting of simulated formation 2 is reserved with gap, mould between 2 top of simulated formation and 12 inner wall of sealing cover in sealing bucket 1
Quasi- 2 bottom interval of stratum is set on the outside of the cylindrical protrusions 13 of 11 bottom of staving, in the outer wall and sealing bucket 1 of simulated formation 2
The first annular space is formed between wall；Casing 3 is coaxially plugged in simulated formation 2, and 3 top of casing is fastened on 12 inner wall of sealing cover
In card slot, 3 lower part of casing is closely set in 13 outside of cylindrical protrusions；It is formed between 3 outer wall of 2 inner wall of simulated formation and casing
Second annular space, and the second annular space is for being perfused test medium or cementing concrete；Ultrasonic probe component 4 is coaxially plugged in casing 3
Interior, ultrasonic probe component 4 is connected by conducting wire with the ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device being arranged in outside sealing bucket 1.
Ultrasonic probe component 4 includes probe carrier axis 41 and first, second liang of ultrasonic probe group 42,43.Wherein, it visits
Head carrier shaft 41 is plugged between two parties in simulated formation 2, and rotatable compass 44 with a scale is provided at the top of probe carrier axis 41；
Rotatable 44 size of compass matches with 2 well head size of simulated formation, for driving probe carrier axis 41 inside simulated formation
Any rotation, and it is consistent with the rotation angle of probe carrier axis 41；First ultrasonic probe group, 42 perpendicular separation is fixed at spy
On head carrier shaft 41, any two ultrasonic probe can constitute the combination of the first supersonic sounding in the first ultrasonic probe group 42, respectively
Two ultrasonic probes in the combination of first supersonic sounding are respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer；Second ultrasonic probe group 43
It is arranged at intervals on on the probe carrier axis 41 of 42 opposite side of the first ultrasonic probe group, and the second ultrasonic probe group 43 is carried with probe
Body axis 41 is angled to be arranged, and any two ultrasonic probe can constitute the second supersonic sounding group in the second ultrasonic probe group 43
It closes, two ultrasonic probes in every one second supersonic sounding combination are respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer.
Ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device includes the digital oscilloscope being sequentially connected, pulse generation receiving instrument, High-speed transient
Signal sampler and terminal.Digital oscilloscope is connected by signal wire with ultrasonic probe component, is visited to received ultrasound
The acoustic waveform of head assembly is shown；The acoustic characteristic for the tested point that pulse generation receiving instrument acquires ultrasonic probe component
It carries out evaluation and testing performance index and sends the result to high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument, high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument pair
Received signal carries out analog/digital conversion, and reception signal is become numerical quantities and is sent to terminal, terminal pair
The well cementation sound width curve of tested point that high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument is sent is analyzed and processed, obtain casing wave, formation wave,
Cement sheath wave number evidence.
As a preferred embodiment, first is provided between the fixation cement sheath 5 that casing 3 and cementing concrete are formed
Interface microgap 6 is provided with second contact surface microgap 7, the first interface microgap 6 between cementing concrete ring 5 and simulated formation 2
It is coated in 3 outer wall of casing using mud to be formed, second contact surface microgap 7 is coated in 2 inner wall of simulated formation using mud and is formed.
As a preferred embodiment, a length of 400mm of the first, second interface microgap 6,7, width 30mm, thickness is
3mm.Wherein, length refers to the first, second interface microgap along the depth of casing axial direction, and width refers to the arc length of mud, due to
Mud is smaller compared to for casing caliber, the approximate width means of the present invention, and thickness refers to the length of your ma along casing radial direction
Degree.
As a preferred embodiment, in ultrasonic probe component 4, the first ultrasonic probe group 42 includes that 5 ultrasounds are visited
Head, the second ultrasonic probe group 43 include 3 ultrasonic probes, and the present invention is only as example introduction but not limited to this, each ultrasonic probe
Ultrasonic probe number in group can be rationally arranged according to actual detection precision.
As a preferred embodiment, in ultrasonic probe component 4, the incidence angle of the second ultrasonic probe group 43 is second
Critical angle.According to Acoustic Wave Propagation principle, the incidence angle of sound wave oblique incidence sonic probe depends on set tube fluid and casing sound wave
Velocity of wave, it is clear that casing wave acoustic speed is much larger than the acoustic speed of water, and incidence angle (claims first to face in well logging at 15 degree or less
Boundary angle).In view of the shear wave velocity of casing, incidence angle is 28 degree or less (claiming second critical angle in well logging), oblique incidence sound wave
Probe is designed using second critical angle.
As a preferred embodiment, in ultrasonic probe component 4, the first ultrasonic probe group 42 and the second ultrasonic probe
Interval in group 43 between each ultrasonic probe is adjusted according to actual needs, and method of adjustment is conventional method, and the present invention is herein
It repeats no more.
As a preferred embodiment, pulse generation receiving instrument is surveyed solid using CTS-8077PR type pulse generation receiving instrument
Well sound width, the instrument meet the test macro requirement of Europe superscript (EN12668:2000) probe, have extremely low noise and wide band connect
Amplifier is received, and advanced transmit circuit is formed by high-performance square wave impulse generator and high-tension circuit.
Based on the indoor simulation device of above-mentioned evaluation cement sheath bonding quality, the invention also provides a kind of evaluation cement sheaths
The indoor simulation method of bonding quality, comprising the following steps:
1) tubular simulated formation 2 is made according to the lithology component to simulated formation.
When making simulated formation, need to make corresponding stratum according to the lithology component on stratum come the practical feelings of simulated formation
Condition.In production, mold is produced first, slurry is then prepared according to the lithology component and ratio to simulated formation, then will
Slurry pours into mold, separates mold with simulated formation 2 when slurry is gradually shaped and do not flowed, the simulation after separation
Layer 2 is In Shade to make the abundant aquation of ingredient therein, thus completes the production of simulated formation 2.
2) simulated formation 2 to complete is placed in 11 middle part of staving of sealing bucket 1.
3) according to actual condition, free pipe or the casing with cementing model are put into simulated formation 2, and
So that the free pipe after being put into or the casing with cementing model and simulated formation 2 have coaxial relation.
In the present invention, casing includes free pipe or the casing with cementing model, wherein free pipe is
The conventional cannula that engineering uses, the casing with cementing model coat mud on sleeve outer wall, for simulating first
The case where interface or second contact surface do not cement.
Specifically, the production method of the casing with cementing model are as follows: it is equal to select two angles at random in casing 3
Even smearing mud forms the first interface microgap 6 and second contact surface microgap 7, selects to mark on casing 3 respectively in the present invention
0 ° of direction and 150 ° of directions as the first interface microgap 6 and second contact surface microgap 7, and in 0 ° of direction of casing 3 and
Uniformly coated on 150 ° of directions long 400mm wide 30mm thickness 3mm one layer of mud (in terms of Fig. 3, mud should be arc, still
Since mud arc length is smaller so approximation of the invention indicates that interfacial gap depth (length) is with width for casing
400mm, thickness refer to the length along casing radial direction), after mud parches, the casing 3 and simulated formation 2 of mud will be coated with
Inner wall between annular space inject cement slurry, injection process should slowly, as far as possible guarantee injection process in not form bubble, cement the well
The height of cement sheath 5 is higher than one ultrasonic probe of highest in entire ultrasonic probe component 4, after to be implanted, Hou Ning.
4) ultrasonic probe component 4 is fixed in free pipe or casing with cementing model, then will be rotatable
Compass 44 is placed on 41 upper end of probe carrier axis, and ultrasonic probe component 4 is connected with external ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device.
Wherein, it when the casing used is with the casing of cementing model, needs 0 on rotatable compass 44
Spend the corresponding placement of 0 degree for being coated with mud corresponding on casing 3.
5) it is infused respectively to the first annular space, the inside pipe casing constituted between simulated formation 2 and sealing bucket 1 according to actual condition
Water or other respective medias, so that the water surface or other medium levels are to 2 upper port of simulated formation, water surface elevation is with simulation
2 upper port of layer keep concordant, are later bolted sealing cover 12 and sealed barrel 11, when using free pipe, then to certainly
Water filling or other media in the annular space be made of casing and simulated formation, when using the casing with cementing model, then
Injection cementing concrete forms cementing concrete ring in the annular space constituted to casing and simulated formation.
6) the well cementation sound width curve that time point to be measured is measured using pulse generation receiving instrument, reads well cementation sound width curve Mintrop wave
The time point of peak arrival time, measurement are adjusted according to the actual situation.
7) according to well cementation sound width curve, the cementing situation of cement sheath is judged, obtains cement sheath bonding quality result.
The present invention evaluates cement sheath bonding quality using sound wave combined test method, when casing 3 and cementing concrete ring 5, mould
When the degree of consolidation difference on quasi- stratum 2, the well cementation sound width curve graph obtained by pulse generation receiving instrument measurement is different:
Casing wave is only generated when for free pipe, amplitude is big, and Acoustic amplitude logging often makees scale with free pipe wave amplitude,
Casing wave is regular, and the envelope of entire wave mode has high amplitude and energy, and perdurabgility is long.When casing 3 only with cementing concrete
When ring 5 cements (i.e. only the first interface agglutination is good), most of energy enters cement sheath, and casing wave amplitude greatly reduces, cement
Ring amplitude is small, smaller than free pipe wave amplitude, but it is big to cement than cement amplitude completely；When cementing concrete ring 5 and casing 3 and
When simulated formation 2 cements completely, since the acoustical coupling between casing 3, cementing concrete ring 5 and simulated formation 2 is good, into set
For most of energy transmission of pipe 3 to simulated formation 2, stratum wave amplitude is big, casing wave amplitude very little.
It describes in detail below by evaluation effect of the specific embodiment to the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment one
1, free pipe implementation process is as follows:
1) high 1200mm, outer diameter 300mm are made, internal diameter is the simulated formation 2 of 215.9mm.
2) simulated formation 2 made is placed in the staving of sealing bucket 1 with crane.
3) free pipe, is put into simulated formation 2, specification outer diameter by the free pipe for selecting scene to use with crane
For 139.7mm, internal diameter is φ 127.6mm, length 1200mm.Free pipe after being put into has coaxial close with simulated formation 2
System, and the free pipe in simulated formation 2 should keep placed in the middle.
4) the fixed merging ultrasonic probe component 4 in free pipe 3, and by ultrasonic probe component 4 and external oscillography
Device, pulse generation receiving instrument and the electrical connection of high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument, then cable is connected to high-speed transient signal acquisition
Instrument is acquired by cable to signal is received using high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument special-purpose software.
5) last again by rotatable 44 fixed placement of compass at 41 top of probe carrier axis of ultrasonic probe component 4.
6) as shown in Fig. 2, respectively into free pipe, sealing bucket 1 and simulated formation 2 constitute the first annular space in and
Water filling in the second annular space that free pipe and simulated formation 2 are constituted, keeps water surface elevation concordant with free pipe upper port.
7) according to step 1)~5), waveform is acquired using CTS-8077PR pulse generation receiving instrument:
1. as shown in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the first longitudinal higher slice measurement does not consider angle, measures freedom respectively
6 layer positions of casing (each sensor 's number in the present embodiment in the first ultrasonic probe component is followed successively by 1-5 from top to bottom, then and 6
Floor position respectively corresponds-No. 2 probes of No. 1 probe, and No. 2 probe -3 are popped one's head in,-No. 4 probes of No. 3 probes,-No. 5 probes of No. 4 probes,
No. 1 probe-No. 3 probe, No. 3 probe-No. 5 probe, the different height of layer position be according to probe distance determine) sound wave wave
Shape.As can be seen that 6 acoustic waveforms are measured in free pipe, due to not same in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b)
Layer, casing wave first wave amplitude is different, and first essentially identical with Article 3 casing wave first wave amplitude, Article 2 and Article 4
Casing wave first wave amplitude is essentially identical, illustrates that casing itself is non-uniform.By the 5th article, the 6th article of acoustic waveform can be seen
Casing wave range value in lower part is higher than top out.
2. as shown in figure 4, same distance sound wave combination is taken to carry out same layer position different directions on second of longitudinal direction
Waveform testing, 4 layer positions, totally 4 groups of acoustic waveforms, 30 degree of angle measurement of every rotation are primary in transverse direction, measure 12 times altogether, each
Measurement angle measures 4 groups of acoustic waveforms, completes whole free pipe measurements, measures 48 acoustic waveforms.From 48 sound wave waves
Casing wave is read in shape and reaches receiving transducer time and first wave amplitude, is included in table 1, it can be seen from the table, with angle change, respectively
The casing wave that receiving transducer measures then with first wave amplitude difference, illustrate that casing itself is uneven, nor absolute circle set
Pipe.
1 free pipe model well middle sleeve wave of table is then and first wave amplitude
Specific embodiment two
Cementing model (wherein have in cementing model cement completely, an interface agglutination is bad, second interface glue
Tie bad) implementation process is as follows:
1) high 1200mm, outer diameter 300mm are made, internal diameter is the simulated formation 2 of 215.9mm.
2) simulated formation 2 made is placed in the staving in sealing bucket 1 with crane.
3) casing 3 for selecting scene to use chooses two positions on casing 3 and uniformly coats long 400mm wide 30mm thickness
The casing 3 for being coated with mud is put into simulated formation 2,3 specification of casing by one layer of mud of 3mm after mud parches with crane
Outer diameter is 139.7mm, and internal diameter is φ 127.6mm, length 1200mm.Casing 3 after being put into has coaxial with simulated formation 2
Relationship, the casing in simulated formation should keep placed in the middle.
4) annular space between the inner wall of the casing 3 and simulated formation 2 that are coated with 3mm mud injects cement slurry, injection process
Bubble slowly should not be formed in guarantee injection process as far as possible, the height of cement sheath 5 is higher than in entire ultrasonic probe component 4 most
A high ultrasonic probe, after to be implanted, Hou Ning.
5) the fixed merging ultrasonic probe component 4 in casing 3, ultrasonic probe component 4 and external oscillograph, pulse are sent out
Raw receiving instrument and the electrical connection of high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument, then cable is connected to high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument, utilize high speed
Transient signal Acquisition Instrument special-purpose software is acquired by cable to signal is received.
6) last that dial fixed placement is being popped one's head in above again.Casing is coated respectively with long 400mm wide on 3 two positions
One layer of mud of 30mm thickness 3mm respectively corresponds 150 ° of directions of 0 ° of direction sum of dial, and 0 degree of direction of middle sleeve is coated with
Mud is the gap of the 3mm done between sleeve outer wall and cement, and one interface agglutination of simulation is bad；150 degree of directions of casing apply
Mud be the 3mm done between cement and stratum gap, simulate second interface weak bonding.
7) as shown in figure 5, filling the water into casing and in the annular space that constitutes with simulated formation 2 of sealing bucket 1 respectively, make water
Face height is concordant with sleeve upper end mouth.
8) according to step 1)~6), waveform is acquired using CTS-8077PR pulse generation receiving instrument:
1. an interface agglutination is bad, second interface is cemented
When making cementing model, the gap of a 3mm has specially been done between sleeve outer wall and cement, has been simulated
One interface agglutination is bad, it is contemplated that well logging sonic system rotation, the place for selecting an interface agglutination bad is as well logging sonic system rotation
0 degree of angle.It is tested in well logging sonic system using sound wave combination, sound collecting, first song in Fig. 5 is carried out to topmost layer position
Line is free pipe acoustic waveform, and Article 2 is the bad acoustic waveform of an interface agglutination, and Article 3 is that cement is completely cementing
It is good, it is clearly seen that the one two two article of curve casing wave first wave amplitude very close to Article 3 curve casing wave first wave amplitude is obvious
Less than other two.
2. second interface weak bonding, an interface agglutination is good
When making cementing model, the gap of a 3mm has specially been done between cement and stratum, simulates two boundaries
Face weak bonding, well logging sonic system is against the position of second interface weak bonding, and since identification is second interface weak bonding, sound wave is passed
Farther out, selecting remote sound wave combination, (No. 5 probes selected in the present embodiment emit-No. 3 probe reception groups in the path broadcast
Probe, the sleeve angle of corresponding measurement be it is any, height is the distance 350mm that No. 5 probes are popped one's head in No. 3), selection emits spy
Head and the receiving transducer sound wave combination close more than between probe, more conducively identification second interface cementing.
As shown in fig. 6, in Fig. 6 first be free pipe acoustic waveform, Article 2 is the bad sound of second interface cementing
Wave waveform, Article 3 cement cement acoustic waveform completely.Article 2 casing wave acoustic waveform amplitude is less than first in figure,
It is greater than or close to Article 3.
By the casing wave waveform analysis of several models, it was initially believed that, using this device, judge free pipe and a boundary
Face cementing effect is good, using remote sound wave combination test sound width curve, judges second interface cementing and cement
Complete cementing effect is preferable.The feasibility of well logging sonic system is demonstrated simultaneously.The delicate execution of experimental model, one, second interface annular
Space and well logging sonic system are consistent in rotary course, and the experimental result of acquisition is also preferable, are next step high temperature and pressure casing
Well acoustic measurement is taken a firm foundation.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not exclude
Except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of evaluate cement sheath bonding quality indoor simulation device, it is characterised in that: it include seal bucket, simulated formation,
Casing, ultrasonic probe component and ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device；
The sealing bucket includes bolted staving and sealing cover, and the staving is in the tubular knot of upper end opening, lower end closed
Structure, the staving bottom interior wall are provided with cylindrical protrusions used for positioning, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical protrusions and the set
The internal diameter of pipe matches, and offers in the middle part of the sealing cover and receives processing dress for the ultrasonic probe component and the ultrasonic signal
It sets connected conducting wire and connects hole；
The simulated formation is arranged in the staving of the sealing bucket, at the top of the simulated formation between the sealing cover inner wall
It is reserved with gap, the simulated formation bottom interval is set on the outside of the cylindrical protrusions of the staving bottom, the simulation ground
The first annular space is formed between layer outer wall and the inner wall of barrel；
Described sleeve pipe is coaxially plugged in the simulated formation, and described sleeve pipe top is fastened on the card slot of the sealing cover inner wall
Interior, described sleeve pipe lower part is closely set on the outside of the cylindrical protrusions；
The second annular space is formed between the simulated formation inner wall and described sleeve pipe outer wall, second annular space is situated between for experiment to be perfused
Matter or cementing concrete；
The ultrasonic probe component is coaxially plugged in described sleeve pipe, and the ultrasonic probe component passes through conducting wire and is arranged described
The ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device outside bucket is sealed to be connected.
2. a kind of indoor simulation device for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described super
Sonic probe component includes probe carrier axis and first, second liang of ultrasonic probe group；
The probe carrier axis is plugged between two parties in the casing in simulated formation, is provided at the top of the probe carrier axis with a scale
Rotatable compass；The rotatable compass size matches with simulated formation well head size, for driving the probe carrier
Axis arbitrarily rotates inside the simulated formation, and consistent with the rotation angle of the probe carrier axis；
The first ultrasonic probe group perpendicular separation is fixed on the probe carrier axis, in the first ultrasonic probe group
Any two probe can constitute the combination of the first supersonic sounding, and two ultrasounds in each first supersonic sounding combination are visited
Head is respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer；
The second ultrasonic probe group be arranged at intervals on on the probe carrier axis of the first ultrasonic probe group opposite side, and
Each second ultrasonic probe and the angled setting of the probe carrier axis, second ultrasound are visited in the second ultrasonic probe group
The second ultrasonic probe of any two can constitute the combination of the second supersonic sounding, each second supersonic sounding combination in head group
In two the second ultrasonic probes respectively as transmitting probe and receiving transducer.
3. a kind of indoor simulation device for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described the
In two ultrasonic probe groups, the angle between each second ultrasonic probe and the probe carrier axis is second critical angle.
4. a kind of indoor simulation device for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described super
Acoustical signal receiving and processing device includes the digital oscilloscope being sequentially connected, pulse generation receiving instrument, high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument
And terminal；
The digital oscilloscope is connected by signal wire with the ultrasonic probe component, to the received ultrasonic probe component
Acoustic waveform is shown；
The pulse generation receiving instrument carries out evaluation and performance to the acoustic characteristic for the tested point that the ultrasonic probe component acquires
Index test simultaneously sends the result to the high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument；
The high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument carries out analog/digital conversion to received signal, and it is concurrent that reception signal is become numerical quantities
It is sent to the terminal；
The well cementation sound width curve for the tested point that the terminal sends the high-speed transient signal Acquisition Instrument is analyzed
Processing, obtains casing wave, formation wave, cement sheath wave number evidence.
5. a kind of indoor simulation method of the evaluation cement sheath bonding quality using device as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the following steps are included:
1) Preparatory work of experiment works；
2) after the completion of Preparatory work of experiment work, phase is injected into the first annular space, the second annular space and casing respectively according to actual condition
Answer test medium；
3) the well cementation sound width curve that time point to be measured is measured using pulse generation receiving instrument is read well cementation sound width curve Mintrop wave peak and arrived
Up to the time, the time point of measurement is adjusted according to the actual situation；
4) according to well cementation sound width curve, the cementing situation of cement sheath is judged, obtains cement sheath bonding quality result.
6. a kind of indoor simulation method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 1) in, Preparatory work of experiment work the following steps are included:
1.1) tubular simulated formation is made according to the lithology component to simulated formation；
1.2) simulated formation to complete is placed in the middle part of the staving of sealing bucket；
1.3) according to actual condition, free pipe or the casing with cementing model are put into simulated formation, and made
Free pipe after being put into or the casing with cementing model and simulated formation have coaxial relation；
1.4) ultrasonic probe component is fixed in free pipe or casing with cementing model, then by ultrasonic probe group
Part is connected with external ultrasonic signal receiving and processing device.
7. a kind of indoor simulation method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the mould
The production method on quasi- stratum are as follows: mold is produced first, and slurry is then prepared according to the lithology component and ratio to simulated formation,
Slurry is poured into mold again, is separated mold with simulated formation when slurry is gradually shaped and do not flowed, the simulation after separation
Stratum is In Shade to make the abundant aquation of ingredient therein, thus completes the production of simulated formation.
8. a kind of indoor simulation method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the tool
There is the production method of the casing of cementing model are as follows: two even angles are selected at random in the radial direction of casing smears mud,
In an angle be sleeve outer wall uniformly smear mud formed the first interface microgap, second angle is in corresponding simulation
Mud is uniformly smeared in inside formation wall, after mud parches, will be coated between the inner wall of the casing and simulated formation of mud
One annular space injects cement slurry, and injection process slowly should guarantee not form bubble in injection process, the height of cement sheath is higher than entire
One ultrasonic probe of highest in ultrasonic probe component, after to be implanted, Hou Ning.
9. a kind of indoor simulation method for evaluating cement sheath bonding quality as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 2) in, inject the method for corresponding test medium into the first annular space, the second annular space and casing respectively according to actual condition are as follows:
When using free pipe, then to the first annular space, casing and the supersonic sounding group constituted between simulated formation and sealing bucket
Injection experiments medium in the second annular space and casing constituted between part, so that test medium liquid level is to simulated formation top
Port, water surface elevation is concordant with the holding of simulated formation upper port, is later bolted sealing cover and staving；
When using the casing with cementing model, then to the first annular space, the set constituted between simulated formation and sealing bucket
Injection experiments medium in managing, into casing and the second annular space of simulated formation composition, injection cementing concrete forms cementing concrete ring,
Sealing cover and staving are bolted later.
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| CN111411937A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well cementation quality evaluation method and device |
| CN111911137A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Ultra-high temperature and high pressure logging channeling-checking evaluation device and evaluation method |
| CN112160742A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-01 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Simulation device and method for establishing well cementation quality evaluation index |
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| CN111911137A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Ultra-high temperature and high pressure logging channeling-checking evaluation device and evaluation method |
| CN112160742A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-01 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Simulation device and method for establishing well cementation quality evaluation index |
| CN114516713A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-20 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Sludge cell disruption integrated device based on mechanical-ultrasonic combination |
| CN114516713B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-09-13 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Sludge cell disruption integrated device based on mechanical-ultrasonic combination |
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Application publication date: 20190412 |