CN110578494B - Cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device - Google Patents
Cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110578494B CN110578494B CN201910840610.5A CN201910840610A CN110578494B CN 110578494 B CN110578494 B CN 110578494B CN 201910840610 A CN201910840610 A CN 201910840610A CN 110578494 B CN110578494 B CN 110578494B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
The invention relates to a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device, which mainly comprises a shaft simulation mechanism and a temperature and pressure control mechanism; the wellbore simulation mechanism comprises: the inner cavity of the sleeve simulation pipe column forms a clear water accommodating cavity; the stratum simulation pipe column is coaxially sleeved outside the sleeve simulation pipe column, and a well cementation cement annulus is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column and the sleeve simulation pipe column; the outer boundary pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the stratum simulation pipe column, and a stratum annulus is formed between the outer boundary pipe and the stratum simulation pipe column; warm-pressing control mechanism includes: the three gas cylinders are respectively connected with the clear water accommodating cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the stratum annulus; and the heating pipe is arranged in the outer boundary pipe and used for integrally heating the shaft simulation mechanism. The invention provides a stratum-cement sheath-casing simulation experiment device which can well reduce the solidification process of cement slurry injected in the well cementation process, monitor the initial stress of the solidified cement slurry and provide a data basis and an analysis basis for exploring accurate calculation of the stress state of a underground cement sheath and evaluating the integrity of the cement sheath.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stress monitoring device, in particular to a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device, and belongs to the field of oil and gas well completion engineering.
Background
The oil well cement sheath is an important barrier for supporting a casing and a stratum in the whole life cycle of an oil-gas well, sealing different pressure layer systems around the well and preventing the occurrence of fluid channeling among oil, gas and water layers, and the integrity of the oil well cement sheath is a necessary condition for ensuring the smooth proceeding of subsequent drilling and oil-gas exploitation. The determination of the cement sheath stress is the basis for evaluating the integrity of the cement sheath, and the loss of the integrity of the cement sheath can cause the phenomena of oil and gas channeling, annular pressure, casing deformation and the like, thereby causing great economic loss and serious safety and environmental protection problems. In recent years, the stratum conditions for oil and gas resource exploitation at home and abroad are more and more complex, and the problem of cement sheath damage caused by dynamic changes of engineering, geology and production is more prominent, such as vicious accidents that cement sheath and casing are damaged and even oil wells are scrapped due to salt-paste layers in Willison basins, Missan oil fields in the middle east, Tarim basins and Puguang gas fields in China.
The whole life cycle of the oil well cement is divided into a front stage and a rear stage by taking the waiting time as a boundary, the internal stress state of the cement sheath at the time when waiting time is finished and the pressure of a liquid column in a casing is not changed is defined as the initial stress of the cement sheath, and the determination of the initial stress of the oil well cement sheath is of great importance. However, the mechanism of the initial stress of the cement sheath is not deeply known, and an efficient and accurate model and method for calculating the initial stress of the cement sheath are not available at present.
During the solidification of oil well cement, the oil well cement undergoes a phase change process from liquid to solid, and the components, the structure and the mechanical properties of the oil well cement are greatly changed, so that indoor experiments are necessary to be carried out, and support is provided for comprehensive research of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The cement hydration process and the interaction of the sleeve-cement sheath-ground layer combined system are considered, the initial stress forming mechanism in the process of setting the well cementation cement sheath under different conditions is disclosed, a foundation is laid for the accurate calculation of the stress state of the underground cement sheath and the integrity evaluation of the cement sheath, and the reasonable design of the mechanical property of the cement guide and the reasonable selection of the subsequent drilling, reforming and mining operation parameters are indicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device for monitoring the change of the acting force of oil well cement on a casing pipe in the cement slurry solidification process, and further provides data support for the calculation of the cement sheath initial stress state in the cement slurry solidification process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device mainly comprises a shaft simulation mechanism and a temperature and pressure control mechanism; the wellbore simulation mechanism comprises: the inner cavity of the sleeve simulation pipe column forms a clear water accommodating cavity; the stratum simulation pipe column is coaxially sleeved outside the casing pipe simulation pipe column, and a well cementation cement annulus is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column and the casing pipe simulation pipe column; the outer boundary pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the stratum simulation pipe column, and a stratum annulus is formed between the outer boundary pipe and the stratum simulation pipe column; the top end cover and the base are respectively connected with two open ends of the casing simulation pipe column, the stratum simulation pipe column and the outer boundary pipe in a sealing manner; the warm-pressing control mechanism comprises: the three gas cylinders are respectively communicated with the clear water containing cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the formation annulus through pressurization pipelines, and each pressurization pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve and a pressure gauge; the heating pipe is arranged in the outer boundary pipe and used for integrally heating the shaft simulation mechanism; the clean water accommodating cavity is filled with clean water and applies pressure through the gas cylinder and the pressure control valve to simulate drilling fluid pressure, cement slurry is filled into the well cementation cement annulus and applies pressure through the gas cylinder and the pressure control valve to simulate vertical pressure at different depths of the cement slurry, and prepared formation water is filled into the formation annulus and applies pressure through the gas cylinder and the pressure control valve to simulate formation pore pressure.
The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device, preferably, the device also includes a data acquisition mechanism, the data acquisition mechanism includes: the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column and the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column; at least one temperature sensor disposed inside the formation simulation string; and the data processing system is respectively connected with the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors through data lines and collects relevant data in real time.
The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device is preferred, the top end cover and the base are detachably and hermetically connected with two open ends of the casing simulation pipe column, the stratum simulation pipe column and the outer boundary pipe through a plurality of fixing bolts uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
The experimental device for monitoring the initial stress state of the cement sheath is preferably characterized in that the stratum simulation pipe column adopts PVC, polyolefin or soft metal and is used for simulating the stratums with different hardness degrees.
The experimental device for monitoring the initial stress state of the cement sheath is preferably characterized in that a plurality of pores are arranged on the stratum simulation pipe column to simulate the permeability of the stratum, and the permeability of the stratum is adjusted by changing the number or the diameter of the pores.
The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device is preferably characterized in that a sleeve pipe simulation pipe column matching groove, a stratum simulation pipe column matching groove and an outer boundary pipe matching groove are sequentially formed in the top end cover and the base from inside to outside, and a sealing ring is arranged in each matching groove, so that the clear water containing cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the stratum annulus form pressure independent states to apply required pressure respectively.
The experimental device for monitoring the initial stress state of the cement sheath is preferably characterized in that three gas injection holes are sequentially formed in the top end cover from inside to outside, the three gas injection holes are respectively communicated with the clear water containing cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the formation annulus, and the three gas cylinders are respectively connected with the three gas injection holes through pressurization pipelines.
Preferably, the number of the pressure sensors is four, two of the pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column, and the other two pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the formation simulation pipe column.
The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device is preferably provided with two temperature sensors, and the two temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention provides a stratum-cement sheath-casing simulation experiment device which can well reduce the solidification process of cement slurry injected in the well cementation process, monitor the initial stress of the solidified cement slurry and provide a data basis and an analysis basis for exploring accurate calculation of the stress state of a underground cement sheath and evaluating the integrity of the cement sheath. 2. The temperature and pressure control system provided by the invention can enable cement paste, formation water and drilling fluid to have different vertical pressures so as to simulate real working conditions. 3. The stratum simulation pipe column can be made of different materials, so that the stratum conditions with different strengths can be simulated, the application range is wide, and the influence of chemical action on cement slurry solidification and cement sheath initial stress can be researched by configuring different stratum water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the top end cap of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device provided by the invention mainly comprises a shaft simulation mechanism and a temperature and pressure control mechanism.
The wellbore simulation mechanism comprises: the device comprises a casing simulation pipe column 1, wherein a clear water accommodating cavity 10 is formed in the inner cavity of the casing simulation pipe column 1; the stratum simulation pipe column 2 is coaxially sleeved outside the casing simulation pipe column 1, and a well cementation cement annulus 20 is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column 2 and the casing simulation pipe column 1; the outer boundary pipe 3 is coaxially sleeved outside the stratum simulation pipe column 2, and a stratum annulus 30 is formed between the outer boundary pipe 3 and the stratum simulation pipe column 2; and the top end cover 4 and the base 5 are respectively connected with the two open ends of the casing simulation pipe column 1, the stratum simulation pipe column 2 and the outer boundary pipe 3 in a sealing way.
Warm-pressing control mechanism includes: the three gas cylinders 6 are respectively communicated with the clear water containing cavity 10, the well cementation cement annulus 20 and the stratum annulus 30 through pressurization pipelines, and each pressurization pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve 7 and a pressure gauge 8; and the heating pipe 9 is arranged in the outer boundary pipe 3 and used for integrally heating the shaft simulation mechanism.
Wherein, inject into clear water in the clear water holding chamber 10 and exert pressure in order to simulate drilling fluid pressure through gas cylinder 6 and pressure control valve 7, inject into cement slurry in the well cementation cement annular space 20 and exert pressure in order to simulate the vertical pressure of the different degree of depth departments of cement slurry through gas cylinder 6 and pressure control valve 7, inject the stratum water of configuration in the stratum annular space 30 and exert pressure in order to simulate stratum pore pressure through gas cylinder 6 and pressure control valve 7.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the experimental apparatus for monitoring initial stress state of cement sheath further includes a data acquisition mechanism, and the data acquisition mechanism includes: the pressure sensors 11, at least two pressure sensors 11 are respectively arranged on the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column 1 and the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column 2; temperature sensors 12, at least one temperature sensor 12 being arranged inside the formation simulation string 2; and the data processing system 13 is respectively connected with the pressure sensors 11 and the temperature sensors 12 through data lines and used for acquiring relevant data in real time.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the top end cover 4 and the base 5 are detachably and hermetically connected to the two open ends of the casing simulating pipe string 1, the formation simulating pipe string 2 and the outer boundary pipe 3 by a plurality of fixing bolts 14 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
In the above embodiment, the formation simulation string 2 may be made of different materials such as PVC, polyolefin, soft metal, etc. to simulate the formation with different hardness.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that a plurality of pores are arranged on the formation simulation string 2 to simulate the permeability of the formation, and the size of the permeability of the formation can be adjusted by changing the distribution parameters such as the number and the diameter of the pores.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the top end cover 4 and the base 5 are sequentially provided with a casing simulation pipe column fitting groove 15, a formation simulation pipe column fitting groove 16 and an outer boundary pipe fitting groove 17 from inside to outside, and a sealing ring 18 is disposed in each fitting groove, so that the clean water accommodating cavity 10, the well cementation cement annulus 20 and the formation annulus 30 form a pressure independent state to apply required pressures respectively.
In the above embodiment, preferably, three gas injection holes 19 are sequentially formed in the top end cover 4 from inside to outside, the three gas injection holes 19 are respectively communicated with the clean water accommodating cavity 10, the well cementation cement annulus 20 and the formation annulus 30, and the three gas cylinders 6 are respectively connected with the three gas injection holes 19 through pressurization pipelines.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the pressure sensors 11 are four, two of the pressure sensors 11 are respectively installed at the outer upper portion and the outer lower portion of the casing simulation string 1, and the other two pressure sensors 11 are respectively installed at the inner upper portion and the inner lower portion of the formation simulation string 2.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the two temperature sensors 12 are provided, and the two temperature sensors 12 are respectively installed at the inner upper portion and the inner lower portion of the formation simulation string 2.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device is characterized in that the device mainly comprises a shaft simulation mechanism and a temperature and pressure control mechanism;
the wellbore simulation mechanism comprises:
the device comprises a casing simulation pipe column (1), wherein an inner cavity of the casing simulation pipe column (1) forms a clean water accommodating cavity (10);
the stratum simulation pipe column (2) is coaxially sleeved outside the casing pipe simulation pipe column (1), and a well cementation cement annulus (20) is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the casing pipe simulation pipe column (1);
the outer boundary pipe (3) is coaxially sleeved outside the stratum simulation pipe column (2), and a stratum annulus (30) is formed between the outer boundary pipe (3) and the stratum simulation pipe column (2);
the top end cover (4) and the base (5) are respectively connected with two open ends of the casing simulation pipe column (1), the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the outer boundary pipe (3) in a sealing way;
the warm-pressing control mechanism comprises:
the three gas cylinders (6) are respectively communicated with the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the stratum annulus (30) through pressurization pipelines, and each pressurization pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve (7) and a pressure gauge (8);
the heating pipe (9) is arranged in the outer boundary pipe (3) and is used for integrally heating the shaft simulation mechanism;
clear water is injected into the clear water accommodating cavity (10), pressure is applied through the gas cylinder (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate drilling fluid pressure, cement slurry is injected into the well cementation cement annulus (20), pressure is applied through the gas cylinder (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate vertical pressure at different depths of the cement slurry, configured formation water is injected into the formation annulus (30), and pressure is applied through the gas cylinder (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate formation pore pressure;
arranging a plurality of pores on the stratum simulation pipe column (2) to simulate the permeability of the stratum, and adjusting the size of the stratum permeability by changing the number or the diameter of the pores;
the stratum simulation pipe column (2) adopts PVC, polyolefin or soft metal and is used for simulating stratums with different hardness degrees;
three gas injection holes (19) are sequentially formed in the top end cover (4) from inside to outside, the three gas injection holes (19) are respectively communicated with the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the formation annulus (30), and the three gas cylinders (6) are respectively connected with the three gas injection holes (19) through pressurization pipelines.
2. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition mechanism, wherein the data acquisition mechanism comprises:
pressure sensors (11), at least two of the pressure sensors (11) being arranged outside the casing simulating string (1) and inside the formation simulating string (2), respectively;
-temperature sensors (12), at least one of said temperature sensors (12) being arranged inside the formation simulation string (2);
and the data processing system (13) is respectively connected with the pressure sensors (11) and the temperature sensors (12) through data lines and used for acquiring related data in real time.
3. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device according to the claim 1, wherein the top end cover (4) and the base (5) are detachably and hermetically connected with the two open ends of the casing simulation pipe column (1), the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the outer boundary pipe (3) through a plurality of fixing bolts (14) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
4. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device according to claim 1, wherein a casing simulation pipe column fitting groove (15), a stratum simulation pipe column fitting groove (16) and an outer boundary pipe fitting groove (17) are sequentially formed in the top end cover (4) and the base (5) from inside to outside, and a sealing ring (18) is arranged in each fitting groove, so that the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the stratum annulus (30) form a pressure independent state to apply required pressure respectively.
5. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device according to the claim 2, characterized in that the number of the pressure sensors (11) is four, two of the pressure sensors (11) are respectively installed on the upper outer part and the lower outer part of the casing simulation string (1), and the other two pressure sensors (11) are respectively installed on the upper inner part and the lower inner part of the formation simulation string (2).
6. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device according to the claim 2, characterized in that the number of the temperature sensors (12) is two, and the two temperature sensors (12) are respectively arranged at the upper inner part and the lower inner part of the formation simulation pipe column (2).
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| CN113818864B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation device and method for monitoring integrity of hydrate formation cement sheath by DAS (distributed optical System) |
| CN113901678B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-15 | 成都理工大学 | Evaluation device and evaluation method for condensation quality of cement slurry for engineering grouting |
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