CN110593811B - Cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method - Google Patents
Cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110593811B CN110593811B CN201910840579.5A CN201910840579A CN110593811B CN 110593811 B CN110593811 B CN 110593811B CN 201910840579 A CN201910840579 A CN 201910840579A CN 110593811 B CN110593811 B CN 110593811B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
The invention relates to a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method, which is based on a monitoring experiment device mainly composed of a shaft simulation mechanism, a temperature and pressure control mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism, and comprises the following steps: 1) respectively injecting clear water, cement slurry and formation water into a clear water accommodating cavity, a well cementation cement annulus and a formation annulus of a monitoring experiment device; 2) opening the gas cylinder, applying pressure to the clear water containing cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the formation annulus through the gas cylinder and the pressure control valve, and simultaneously opening the heating pipe to heat the shaft simulation mechanism to a preset temperature; 3) the data acquisition system acquires experimental data measured by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor in real time; 4) and (5) after the cement slurry in the well cementation cement annulus is solidified, storing experimental data. The method can well reduce the solidification process of cement slurry injected in the well cementation process, monitor the initial stress of the cement slurry after solidification, and provide a data basis and an analysis basis for exploring accurate calculation of the stress state of the underground cement sheath and evaluation of the integrity of the cement sheath.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stress monitoring experiment method, in particular to a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method, and belongs to the field of oil and gas well completion engineering.
Background
The oil well cement sheath is an important barrier for supporting a casing and a stratum in the whole life cycle of an oil-gas well, sealing different pressure layer systems around the well and preventing the occurrence of fluid channeling among oil, gas and water layers, and the integrity of the oil well cement sheath is a necessary condition for ensuring the smooth proceeding of subsequent drilling and oil-gas exploitation. The determination of the cement sheath stress is the basis for evaluating the integrity of the cement sheath, and the loss of the integrity of the cement sheath can cause the phenomena of oil and gas channeling, annular pressure, casing deformation and the like, thereby causing great economic loss and serious safety and environmental protection problems. In recent years, the stratum conditions for oil and gas resource exploitation at home and abroad are more and more complex, and the problem of cement sheath damage caused by dynamic changes of engineering, geology and production is more prominent, such as vicious accidents that cement sheath and casing are damaged and even oil wells are scrapped due to salt-paste layers in Willison basins, Missan oil fields in the middle east, Tarim basins and Puguang gas fields in China.
The whole life cycle of the oil well cement is divided into a front stage and a rear stage by taking the waiting time as a boundary, the internal stress state of the cement sheath at the time when waiting time is finished and the pressure of a liquid column in a casing is not changed is defined as the initial stress of the cement sheath, and the determination of the initial stress of the oil well cement sheath is of great importance. However, the mechanism of the initial stress of the cement sheath is not deeply known, and an efficient and accurate model and method for calculating the initial stress of the cement sheath are not available at present.
During the solidification of oil well cement, the oil well cement undergoes a phase change process from liquid to solid, and the components, the structure and the mechanical properties of the oil well cement are greatly changed, so that indoor experiments are necessary to be carried out, and support is provided for comprehensive research of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The cement hydration process and the interaction of the sleeve-cement sheath-ground layer combined system are considered, the initial stress forming mechanism in the process of setting the well cementation cement sheath under different conditions is disclosed, a foundation is laid for the accurate calculation of the stress state of the underground cement sheath and the integrity evaluation of the cement sheath, and the reasonable design of the mechanical property of the cement guide and the reasonable selection of the subsequent drilling, reforming and mining operation parameters are indicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental method for monitoring the change of the acting force of oil well cement on a casing pipe in the cement slurry solidification process, and further provides data support for the calculation of the cement sheath initial stress state in the cement slurry solidification process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an initial stress state monitoring experiment method for a cement sheath comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device mainly comprising a shaft simulation mechanism, a temperature and pressure control mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism, wherein the shaft simulation mechanism comprises a casing simulation pipe column, a stratum simulation pipe column, an outer boundary pipe, a top end cover and a base, the temperature and pressure control mechanism comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure control valve and a heating pipe, and the data acquisition mechanism comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition system;
step 2: sequentially fixing the casing simulation pipe column, the stratum simulation pipe column and the outer boundary pipe on the base from inside to outside, so that a clear water accommodating cavity is formed in an inner cavity of the casing simulation pipe column, a well cementation cement annulus is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column and the casing simulation pipe column, a stratum annulus is formed between the outer boundary pipe and the stratum simulation pipe column, and then installing the heating pipe in the outer boundary pipe;
and step 3: respectively installing at least two pressure sensors on the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column and the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column, installing at least one temperature sensor on the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column, and connecting all the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors with the data acquisition system through data lines;
and 4, step 4: respectively injecting clear water, cement slurry and formation water into the clear water accommodating cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the formation annulus;
and 5: fixing the top end cover on the casing simulation pipe column, the stratum simulation pipe column and the outer boundary pipe, keeping sealing, respectively communicating the three gas cylinders with the clear water accommodating cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the stratum annulus through pressurized pipelines, and simultaneously installing the pressure control valve on each pressurized pipeline;
step 6: opening the three gas cylinders, applying pressure to the clear water containing cavity to a preset value through the gas cylinders and the pressure control valve to simulate drilling fluid pressure, applying pressure to the well cementation cement annulus to a preset value through the gas cylinders and the pressure control valve to simulate vertical pressure at different depths of cement slurry, applying pressure to the formation annulus to a preset value through the gas cylinders and the pressure control valve to simulate formation pore pressure, and simultaneously opening the heating pipe to heat the shaft simulation mechanism to a preset temperature;
and 7: the data acquisition system acquires experimental data measured by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor in real time;
and 8: and storing experimental data after the cement slurry in the well cementation cement annulus is solidified.
The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental method preferably further comprises the following steps: closing the temperature and pressure control mechanism, respectively releasing pressure of the clear water containing cavity, the well cementation cement annulus and the formation annulus, disassembling the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device, recovering the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and discarding the casing simulation pipe column, the formation simulation pipe column and the cement inside the casing simulation pipe column and the formation simulation pipe column together.
Preferably, the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method repeats the steps 1-9 to measure the initial stress of the cement sheath and the change rule thereof under different cement slurry types, densities, well depths, stratum conditions, stratum water and temperatures.
4. The method for cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment according to claim 1, wherein the cement slurry and the formation water are prepared according to field data in the experiment preparation stage.
Preferably, the stratum simulation pipe column adopts PVC, polyolefin or soft metal to simulate the stratum with different hardness degrees.
According to the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method, preferably, a plurality of pores are arranged on the stratum simulation pipe column to simulate the permeability of the stratum, and the permeability of the stratum is adjusted by changing the number or the diameter of the pores.
Preferably, the number of the pressure sensors is four, two of the pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column, and the other two pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the formation simulation pipe column.
Preferably, the two temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the device can better reduce the solidification process of cement slurry injected in the well cementation process, monitor the initial stress of the solidified cement slurry and provide a data basis and an analysis basis for exploring accurate calculation of the stress state of the underground cement sheath and evaluation of the integrity of the cement sheath. 2. The temperature and pressure control system provided by the invention can enable cement paste, formation water and drilling fluid to have different vertical pressures so as to simulate real working conditions. 3. The stratum simulation pipe column can be made of different materials, so that the stratum conditions with different strengths can be simulated, the application range is wide, and the influence of chemical action on cement slurry solidification and cement sheath initial stress can be researched by configuring different stratum water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for monitoring the initial stress state of a cement sheath according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The invention provides an experimental method for monitoring the initial stress state of a cement sheath, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: as shown in fig. 1, a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experimental device mainly comprising a shaft simulation mechanism, a temperature and pressure control mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism is arranged, wherein the shaft simulation mechanism comprises a casing simulation pipe column 1, a stratum simulation pipe column 2, an outer boundary pipe 3, a top end cover 4 and a base 5, the temperature and pressure control mechanism comprises a gas cylinder 6, a pressure control valve 7 and a heating pipe 9, and the data acquisition mechanism comprises a pressure sensor 11, a temperature sensor 12 and a data acquisition system 13;
step 2: sequentially fixing a casing simulation pipe column 1, a stratum simulation pipe column 2 and an outer boundary pipe 3 on a base 5 from inside to outside, so that a clear water accommodating cavity 10 is formed in an inner cavity of the casing simulation pipe column 1, a well cementation cement annulus 20 is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column 2 and the casing simulation pipe column 1, a stratum annulus 30 is formed between the outer boundary pipe 3 and the stratum simulation pipe column 2, and then a heating pipe 9 is installed in the outer boundary pipe 3;
and step 3: respectively installing at least two pressure sensors 11 at the outer side of a casing simulation pipe column 1 and the inner side of a stratum simulation pipe column 2, installing at least one temperature sensor 12 at the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column 2, and connecting all the pressure sensors 11 and the temperature sensors 12 with a data acquisition system 13 through data lines;
and 4, step 4: respectively injecting clear water, cement slurry and formation water into the clear water accommodating cavity 10, the well cementation cement annulus 20 and the formation annulus 30;
and 5: fixing a top end cover 4 on a casing simulation pipe column 1, a stratum simulation pipe column 2 and an outer boundary pipe 3, keeping sealing, respectively communicating three gas cylinders 6 with a clear water accommodating cavity 10, a well cementation cement annulus 20 and a stratum annulus 30 through pressurized pipelines, and simultaneously installing a pressure control valve 7 on each pressurized pipeline;
step 6: opening the three gas cylinders 6, applying pressure to the clear water containing cavity 10 to a preset value through the gas cylinders 6 and the pressure control valve 7 to simulate drilling fluid pressure, applying pressure to the well cementation cement annulus 20 to a preset value through the gas cylinders 6 and the pressure control valve 7 to simulate vertical pressure at different depths of cement slurry, applying pressure to the formation annulus 30 to a preset value through the gas cylinders 6 and the pressure control valve 7 to simulate formation pore pressure, and simultaneously opening the heating pipe 9 to heat the shaft simulation mechanism to a preset temperature;
and 7: the data acquisition system 13 acquires experimental data measured by the pressure sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 12 in real time;
and 8: and (5) after the cement slurry in the well cementation cement annulus 20 is solidified, storing experimental data.
In the above embodiments, the cement slurry and formation water may be formulated according to site data, preferably at the experimental preparation stage.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the method further includes step 9: closing the temperature and pressure control mechanism, respectively releasing pressure of the clear water accommodating cavity 10, the well cementation cement annulus 20 and the formation annulus 30, disassembling the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device, recovering the pressure sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 12, and discarding the casing simulation pipe column 1, the formation simulation pipe column 2 and cement in the casing simulation pipe column 1 and the formation simulation pipe column 2 together.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the above steps 1-9 are repeated to measure the initial stress of the cement ring and its variation law under different cement slurry types, density, well depth, formation conditions, formation water, temperature and other variables.
In the above embodiment, the formation simulation string 2 may be made of different materials such as PVC, polyolefin, soft metal, etc. to simulate the formation with different hardness.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that a plurality of pores are arranged on the formation simulation string 2 to simulate the permeability of the formation, and the size of the permeability of the formation can be adjusted by changing the distribution parameters such as the number and the diameter of the pores.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the pressure sensors 11 are four, two of the pressure sensors 11 are respectively installed at the outer upper portion and the outer lower portion of the casing simulation string 1, and the other two pressure sensors 11 are respectively installed at the inner upper portion and the inner lower portion of the formation simulation string 2.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the two temperature sensors 12 are provided, and the two temperature sensors 12 are respectively installed at the inner upper portion and the inner lower portion of the formation simulation string 2.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An initial stress state monitoring experiment method for a cement sheath is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting a cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device mainly comprising a shaft simulation mechanism, a warm-pressing control mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism, wherein the shaft simulation mechanism comprises a casing simulation pipe column (1), a stratum simulation pipe column (2), an outer boundary pipe (3), a top end cover (4) and a base (5), the warm-pressing control mechanism comprises a gas cylinder (6), a pressure control valve (7) and a heating pipe (9), and the data acquisition mechanism comprises a pressure sensor (11), a temperature sensor (12) and a data acquisition system (13);
step 2: fixing the casing simulation pipe column (1), the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the outer boundary pipe (3) on the base (5) from inside to outside in sequence, so that a clear water containing cavity (10) is formed in an inner cavity of the casing simulation pipe column (1), a well cementation cement annular space (20) is formed between the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the casing simulation pipe column (1), a stratum annular space (30) is formed between the outer boundary pipe (3) and the stratum simulation pipe column (2), and then installing the heating pipe (9) in the outer boundary pipe (3);
and step 3: at least two pressure sensors (11) are respectively arranged on the outer side of the casing simulation pipe column (1) and the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column (2), at least one temperature sensor (12) is arranged on the inner side of the stratum simulation pipe column (2), and all the pressure sensors (11) and the temperature sensors (12) are connected with the data acquisition system (13) through data lines;
and 4, step 4: clear water, cement slurry and formation water are respectively injected into the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the formation annulus (30);
and 5: fixing the top end cover (4) on the casing simulation pipe column (1), the stratum simulation pipe column (2) and the outer boundary pipe (3), keeping sealing, respectively communicating the three gas cylinders (6) with the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the stratum annulus (30) through pressurization pipelines, and simultaneously installing the pressure control valve (7) on each pressurization pipeline;
step 6: opening the three gas cylinders (6), applying pressure to a preset value to the clear water containing cavity (10) through the gas cylinders (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate drilling fluid pressure, applying pressure to the well cementation cement annulus (20) through the gas cylinders (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate vertical pressure at different depths of cement slurry, applying pressure to the formation annulus (30) through the gas cylinders (6) and the pressure control valve (7) to simulate formation pore pressure, and simultaneously opening the heating pipe (9) to heat the shaft simulation mechanism to a preset temperature;
and 7: the data acquisition system (13) acquires experimental data measured by the pressure sensor (11) and the temperature sensor (12) in real time;
and 8: after the cement slurry in the well cementation cement annulus (20) is solidified, storing experimental data;
the stratum simulation pipe column (2) adopts PVC, polyolefin or soft metal and is used for simulating stratums with different hardness degrees;
arranging a plurality of pores on the formation simulation pipe column (2) to simulate the permeability of the formation, and adjusting the size of the formation permeability by changing the number or the diameter of the pores.
2. The method for monitoring and testing the initial stress state of the cement sheath as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of 9: closing the temperature and pressure control mechanism, respectively releasing pressure of the clear water accommodating cavity (10), the well cementation cement annulus (20) and the formation annulus (30), disassembling the cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment device, recycling the pressure sensor (11) and the temperature sensor (12), and discarding the casing simulation pipe column (1), the formation simulation pipe column (2) and the cement in the casing simulation pipe column together.
3. The method for monitoring and testing the initial stress state of the cement sheath as claimed in claim 2, wherein the steps 1-9 are repeated to measure the initial stress of the cement sheath and the change rule thereof under different cement slurry types, densities, well depths, formation conditions, formation water and temperatures.
4. The method for cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment according to claim 1, wherein the cement slurry and the formation water are prepared according to field data in the experiment preparation stage.
5. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the pressure sensors (11) is four, two of the pressure sensors (11) are respectively arranged at the upper outer part and the lower outer part of the casing simulation string (1), and the other two pressure sensors (11) are respectively arranged at the upper inner part and the lower inner part of the formation simulation string (2).
6. The cement sheath initial stress state monitoring experiment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the temperature sensors (12) is two, and the two temperature sensors (12) are respectively arranged at the upper inner part and the lower inner part of the formation simulation pipe column (2).
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| CN112253086B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring initial acting force of well cementation |
| CN114647938B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-06-06 | 成都理工大学 | Cement paste construction real-time monitoring method and coagulation strength simulation measuring device thereof |
| CN114414781B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-06-23 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for testing radial distribution of cement sheath axial stress-deformation at alternating temperature |
| CN115469078B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-10-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring interaction with casing and stratum in solidification process of well cementation cement paste |
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| CN103174409B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of deep water cementing cement sheath packing performance testing device |
| WO2016019247A1 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-04 | William Marsh Rice University | Systems and methods for monitoring cement quality in a cased well environment with integrated chips |
| CN104405366B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-07-11 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity test device and method |
| CN106499385B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-09-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for evaluating fracture environment setting of casing integrality |
| CN206386111U (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of experimental provision for testing cement sheath and sleeve pipe cementing strength |
| CN112145155B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2022-04-15 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Experimental method of evaluation device capable of eccentrically testing cementing quality of first interface of well cementation |
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