CN111088977B - Experimental device and experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization Download PDFInfo
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- CN111088977B CN111088977B CN201911292719.6A CN201911292719A CN111088977B CN 111088977 B CN111088977 B CN 111088977B CN 201911292719 A CN201911292719 A CN 201911292719A CN 111088977 B CN111088977 B CN 111088977B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization, and belongs to the technical field of well cementation. The experimental device comprises an experimental kettle, a sensor module, an annular pressure adjusting module and at least two water layer pressure adjusting modules; the experimental kettle comprises a kettle body, a casing string, an elastic packing ring, an upper kettle cover and a lower kettle cover, wherein the casing string is coaxially inserted in the kettle body, and a cylindrical annular space is formed between the kettle body and the casing string; the annular pressure adjusting module comprises an annular pump, and the output end of the annular pump is communicated with the annulus; the water layer pressure adjusting module comprises a water layer pump, a pressure limiting valve, a middle hydraulic cylinder and a rock core clamping cavity; the sensor module comprises water layer pressure sensors and annular pressure sensors, each water layer pressure sensor and the corresponding rock core clamping cavity are located on the same horizontal plane, and the annular pressure sensors are arranged in the annular space and close to the second end of the annular space. This openly can obtain accurate annular pressurization value and annular pressurization time.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of well cementation, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization.
Background
The well cementation operation is to pump the prepared cement slurry from the well mouth into the annular space between the casing and the well wall of the stratum, and after the cement slurry is cured, the cement slurry forms a whole with the casing and the well wall to seal the water-separating layer, the oil layer and the gas layer.
When cement slurry is pumped into the annulus, the cement slurry, drilling fluid, front liquid and the like form a slurry column in the annulus, the pressure of the slurry column formed in the annulus is greater than the pressure of each water layer, namely, a positive pressure difference is formed between the annulus and the water layers, and at the moment, formation water in the water layers cannot flow into the annulus. With the waiting coagulation of cement paste, the cement paste is converted from a liquid state to a gel state and a solid state, the cement paste gradually loses water, the pressure formed by the slurry column in the annular space is gradually reduced, the positive pressure difference between the annular space and the water layer is changed into negative pressure difference, formation water in the water layer can reversely flow into the annular space and is mixed with the cement paste, the water invasion of the cement paste is caused, the cement paste is difficult to cure, and the cementing quality with the well wall is poor.
In the related art, in order to solve the above problems, the annulus is usually pressurized at the wellhead, which is one of effective methods for solving the above problems, and aims to ensure that the pressure difference between the annulus and the water layer is always positive. But the annular pressurization value and the pressurization starting time can only be determined according to the construction experience of workers, and the accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides an experimental device and an experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization, which can obtain an accurate annular pressurization value and annular pressurization time. The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, the disclosed embodiments provide an experimental apparatus for well cementation annular pressurization, the experimental apparatus includes an experimental kettle, a sensor module, an annular pressure adjusting module, and at least two water layer pressure adjusting modules;
the experimental kettle comprises a kettle body, a casing string, an elastic packing ring, an upper kettle cover and a lower kettle cover, wherein the casing string is coaxially inserted in the kettle body, a cylindrical annular space is formed between the kettle body and the casing string, the elastic packing ring is coaxially and hermetically arranged in the annular space and close to a first end of the annular space, the upper kettle cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at the first end of the annular space, and the lower kettle cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at a second end of the annular space;
the annular pressure adjusting module comprises an annular pump, and the output end of the annular pump penetrates through the upper kettle cover to be communicated with the annular space between the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover;
the water layer pressure adjusting modules are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction of the annular space, each water layer pressure adjusting module comprises a water layer pump, a pressure limiting valve, a middle hydraulic cylinder and a core clamping cavity, for any water layer pressure adjusting module, the output end of the water layer pump and the input end of the pressure limiting valve are both communicated with a first rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder, the core clamping cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the kettle body, the core clamping cavity is communicated with the annular space between the elastic packing ring and the lower kettle cover, and a second rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the core clamping cavity;
the sensor module comprises water layer pressure sensors and annular pressure sensors, the water layer pressure sensors correspond to the core clamping cavities one by one, each water layer pressure sensor is arranged in the annular space, each water layer pressure sensor and the corresponding core clamping cavity are located on the same horizontal plane, and the annular pressure sensors are arranged in the annular space and close to the second end of the annular space.
In an implementation manner of the present disclosure, the experimental apparatus further includes a temperature adjustment module, and the temperature adjustment module is tightly attached to the kettle body and extends along the length direction of the annular space.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the temperature adjusting module includes an electric tracing band and a cooling water pipe, the electric tracing band and the cooling water pipe are tightly attached to the kettle body and extend along the length direction of the annular space, and the electric tracing band and the cooling water pipe are arranged at intervals.
In yet another implementation of the disclosure, the threshold of the pressure limiting valve is greater than the output pressure of the water layer pump by 0.05Mpa.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, a first emptying valve is disposed on the upper kettle cover, and the first emptying valve penetrates through the upper kettle cover to communicate with an annulus between the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover.
In another implementation manner of the disclosure, each water layer pressure adjusting module comprises a second emptying valve, and the second emptying valve is communicated with a pipeline between the middle hydraulic cylinder and the core holding cavity.
In another implementation manner of the disclosure, each water layer pressure regulating module comprises a stop valve, and the stop valve is communicated with a pipeline between the middle hydraulic cylinder and the core holding cavity.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, hydraulic meters are arranged on a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder and the core clamping cavity and at the output end of the annular air pump.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an experimental method for pressurizing a well cementation annulus, where the experimental method is applied to the above experimental apparatus, and the experimental method includes:
sleeving a sleeve on the casing string, and clamping a sample rock core in the rock core clamping cavity;
injecting cement slurry into the annulus;
sequentially installing the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover at the first end of the annular space;
determining annulus simulation pressure according to actual parameters of a wellbore, and pressurizing the annulus through the annulus pump to enable the pressure of the annulus to be equal to the annulus simulation pressure;
determining simulated pressure of each water layer according to actual parameters of each water layer, and pressurizing the corresponding core clamping cavity through each water layer pump to enable the pressure of each core clamping cavity to be equal to the corresponding simulated pressure of the water layer;
waiting for setting the cement paste and timing until the pressure value detected by any one of the water layer pressure sensors is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, stopping timing to obtain annulus pressurization starting time, and obtaining an annulus pressurization reference value through the annulus pressure sensors;
increasing the output pressure of the annular pump, so that the pressure value detected by the annular pressure sensor is always equal to the annular pressurization reference value, and the increased output pressure of the annular pump is an annular pressurization value;
and calculating to obtain an actual annular pressurization value according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body, the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft and the annular pressurization value.
Optionally, the experimental method comprises:
calculating the actual annular pressurization value by the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Practice of The actual annulus pressurization value is obtained, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body, epsilon is the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft, and delta P Simulation of And the annulus pressurization value is obtained.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
when the experimental device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is used for simulating well cementation operation, a casing is sleeved on a casing string to simulate the arrangement of the casing in a shaft, and a sample rock core is clamped in a rock core clamping cavity to simulate matrix in a water layer. And cement slurry is injected into the annular space, and the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover are sequentially arranged at the first end of the annular space so as to seal the annular space. The annular space is pressurized through the annular space pump, so that the pressure of the annular space is equal to annular space simulation pressure and is used for simulating the pressure at the well cementation depth of the shaft after cement slurry is injected, and the annular space simulation pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of the shaft. Pressurizing the corresponding core clamping cavities through the water layer pumps, so that the pressure of each core clamping cavity is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure and is used for simulating the pressure of each water layer, the water layer simulated pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of each water layer, the pressure of the annulus is greater than the pressure of the water layer, the first rod-free cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder is compressed, and the pressure of the first rod-free cavity is relieved through the pressure limiting valve.
Waiting for setting cement paste and timing, wherein in the cement paste waiting for setting, the cement paste gradually loses weight, the pressure in the annular space is gradually reduced, until the pressure value detected by any one water layer pressure sensor is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, at the moment, the pressure in the annular space is exactly equal to the pressure in the water layer, timing is stopped to obtain annular space pressurization starting time, and the annular space pressurization starting time can be used in an actual shaft. Since the pressure in the annulus is now exactly equal to the pressure in the water layer, the annulus and water layer pressures remain balanced and an annulus pressurization reference value can be obtained by the annulus pressure sensor. Along with the continuous hydration and weight loss of the cement paste, in order to keep the pressure of the annulus and the water layer balanced all the time, the output pressure of the annulus pump needs to be increased, so that the pressure value detected by the annulus pressure sensor is always equal to the annulus pressurization reference value, and the increased output pressure of the annulus pump is the annulus pressurization value. Because the size of the kettle body is different from the size of the actual shaft, and the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body is different from the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, the actual annular pressurization value is obtained by calculation according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body, the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft and the annular pressurization value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an experimental method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The symbols in the drawings represent the following meanings:
1. an experimental kettle; 11. a kettle body; 12. a casing string; 13. an elastic packing ring; 14. putting on a kettle cover; 15. a lower kettle cover; 21. a water layer pressure sensor; 22. an annulus pressure sensor; 3. an annulus pressure adjustment module; 31. an annular pump; 32. a first vent valve; 33. an oil tank; 4. a water layer pressure adjusting module; 41. a water layer pump; 42. a pressure limiting valve; 43. a middle hydraulic cylinder; 44. a core clamping cavity; 45. a second vent valve; 46. a stop valve; 47. an oil tank; 5. a temperature adjustment module; 6. a hydraulic gauge; 7. a device controller; 8. a computer; 100. an annulus; 200. a sleeve; 300. cement slurry; 400. a sample core.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides an experimental device for well cementation annular pressurization, as shown in fig. 1, the experimental device comprises an experimental kettle 1, a sensor module, an annular pressure adjusting module 3 and at least two water layer pressure adjusting modules 4.
The experimental kettle 1 comprises a kettle body 11, a casing string 12, an elastic packing ring 13, an upper kettle cover 14 and a lower kettle cover 15, wherein the casing string 12 is coaxially inserted into the kettle body 11, a cylindrical annular space 100 is formed between the kettle body 11 and the casing string 12, the elastic packing ring 13 is coaxially and hermetically arranged in the annular space 100 and close to the first end of the annular space 100, the upper kettle cover 14 is detachably and hermetically arranged at the first end of the annular space 100, and the lower kettle cover 15 is detachably and hermetically arranged at the second end of the annular space 100.
The annular pressure adjusting module 3 comprises an annular pump 31, and the output end of the annular pump 31 passes through the upper kettle cover 14 to be communicated with the annular 100 between the elastic packing ring 13 and the upper kettle cover 14.
Each water layer pressure regulating module 4 is arranged along the length direction of the annular space 100 at intervals in sequence, each water layer pressure regulating module 4 comprises a water layer pump 41, a pressure limiting valve 42, a middle hydraulic cylinder 43 and a core clamping cavity 44, for any water layer pressure regulating module 4, the output end of the water layer pump 41 and the input end of the pressure limiting valve 42 are both communicated with the first rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder 43, the core clamping cavity 44 is arranged on the outer wall of the kettle body 11, the core clamping cavity 44 is communicated with the annular space 100 between the elastic packing ring 13 and the lower kettle cover 15, and the second rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder 43 is communicated with the core clamping cavity 44.
The sensor module comprises water layer pressure sensors 21 and annular pressure sensors 22, the water layer pressure sensors 21 correspond to the core clamping cavities 44 one by one, each water layer pressure sensor 21 is arranged in the annular space 100, each water layer pressure sensor 21 and the corresponding core clamping cavity 44 are located on the same horizontal plane, and the annular pressure sensors 22 are arranged in the annular space 100 and close to the second end of the annular space 100.
When simulating a cementing operation by the experimental device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the casing 200 is sleeved on the casing string 12 to simulate the casing arrangement in a wellbore, and the sample core 400 is clamped in the core clamping cavity 44 to simulate the matrix in a water layer. Grout 300 is injected into the annulus 100 and an elastomeric packing ring 13 and an upper pot cover 14 are sequentially installed at a first end of the annulus 100 to seal the annulus 100. The annulus 100 is pressurized by the annulus pump 31 so that the pressure of the annulus 100 is equal to the annulus simulation pressure for simulating the pressure at the cementing depth of the wellbore after the cement slurry 300 is injected, and the annulus simulation pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of the wellbore. The core clamping cavities 44 corresponding to each other are pressurized through the water layer pumps 41, so that the pressure of each core clamping cavity 44 is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure and is used for simulating the pressure of each water layer, the water layer simulated pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of each water layer, the pressure of the annular space 100 is greater than the pressure of the water layer, the first rod cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder 43 is compressed, and the pressure of the first rod cavity is relieved through the pressure limiting valve 42.
Waiting for the cement paste 300 and timing, wherein in the waiting process of the cement paste 300, the cement paste 300 gradually loses weight, and the pressure in the annulus 100 is gradually reduced until the pressure value detected by any one water layer pressure sensor 21 is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, at the moment, the pressure in the annulus 100 is exactly equal to the pressure in the water layer, timing is stopped to obtain the annulus pressurization starting time, and the annulus pressurization starting time can be used in an actual shaft. Since the pressure in the annulus 100 is now exactly equal to the pressure in the water layer, the annulus 100 and water layer pressures remain balanced and an annulus pressurization reference is now available via the annulus pressure sensor 22. As the cement slurry 300 continues to hydrate and lose weight, in order to keep the pressure of the annulus 100 and the water layer balanced all the time, the output pressure of the annulus pump 31 needs to be increased, so that the pressure value detected by the annulus pressure sensor 22 is always equal to the annulus pressurization reference value, and the increased output pressure of the annulus pump 31 is the annulus pressurization value. Because the size of the kettle body 11 is different from the size of the actual shaft, and the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11 is different from the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, the actual annular pressure value is calculated according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11, the ratio of the cross section diameter of the kettle body 11 to the cross section diameter of the actual shaft and the annular pressure value.
The experimental structure is applied to actual well cementation operation, in the actual well cementation operation, after cement slurry is injected, after annulus pressurization starting time, annulus pressurization is started, and a pressurized pressure value is an actual annulus pressurization value, so that a positive pressure difference can be kept between the annulus and a water layer all the time, and formation water in the water layer cannot reversely flow into the annulus.
In this embodiment, the experimental apparatus further includes a temperature adjustment module 5, and the temperature adjustment module 5 is disposed tightly on the kettle 11 and extends along the length direction of the annular space 100.
In the above implementation, the temperature of the actual wellbore can be simulated by the temperature adjusting module 5, so as to further improve the accuracy of the experimental result.
Illustratively, the time for the cement slurry 300 to reach the bottom of the annulus 100 can be calculated from the depth of the annulus 100 and the displacement of the injected cement slurry 300. At the beginning of the injection of the cement slurry 300 into the annulus 100, the temperature of the annulus 100 is gradually adjusted by the temperature adjustment module 5 during this time until the temperature of the annulus 100 is the same as the actual wellbore temperature.
Optionally, the temperature adjusting module 5 includes an electric tracing band and a cooling water pipe, both of which are disposed closely to the kettle 11 and extend along the length direction of the annulus 100, and the electric tracing band and the cooling water pipe are arranged at intervals.
In the above implementation manner, the electric tracing band is used for heating the kettle body 11, and the cooling water pipe is used for cooling the kettle body 11, so that the flexible adjustment of the temperature of the kettle body 11 is realized.
In this embodiment, the upper vessel cover 14 is provided with a first vent valve 32, and the first vent valve 32 is communicated with the annular space 100 between the elastic isolation ring 13 and the upper vessel cover 14 through the upper vessel cover 14.
In the implementation manner, after the cement slurry 300 is injected, the elastic packing ring 13 and the upper kettle cover 14 are installed, and the pressure oil is injected into the annular space 100 between the elastic packing ring 13 and the upper kettle cover 14 through the annular space pump 31, and at this time, the first emptying valve 32 is opened, so that the injection of the pressure oil can be facilitated. The injection of pressure oil may be stopped when pressure oil emerges from the first vent valve 32, indicating that the annulus 100 between the elastomeric excluder ring 13 and the upper tank cover 14 is full of pressure oil. Because the elastic packing ring 13 has elasticity, the contact between the pressure oil and the cement slurry 300 can be avoided, and the pressurization of the cement slurry 300 can be realized.
Optionally, an elastic packing ring 13 may be disposed inside the annulus 100 and near the second end of the annulus 100 to further ensure the sealing of the annulus.
Optionally, an oil tank 33 is provided at the input of the annulus pump 31 for supplying pressurized oil to the annulus pump.
In this embodiment, the threshold value of the pressure limiting valve 42 is 0.05MPa greater than the output pressure of the water layer pump 41.
In the above implementation, when the pressure of the annulus 100 is greater than the pressure of the water layer, i.e. the pressure output by the water layer pump 41, the pressure limiting valve 42 is opened to release the pressure, so as to protect the water layer pump 41.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the threshold value of the pressure limiting valve 42 may also be adjusted according to actual requirements, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
Optionally, each water layer pressure regulating module 4 comprises a second blow-off valve 45, and the second blow-off valve 45 is communicated with a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder 43 and the core holding cavity 44.
In the above implementation, the second blow-off valve 45 is used to blow off pressurized oil in the core holding chamber 44 to facilitate installation of the sample core 400.
Optionally, each water layer pressure regulating module 4 comprises a shut-off valve 46, the shut-off valve 46 communicating on a conduit between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder 43 and the core holding chamber 44.
In the above implementation, the stop valve 46 is used to control the on/off of the pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder 43 and the core holding cavity 44, so as to control the pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder 43 and the core holding cavity 44.
Optionally, the input of the water level pump 41 may be provided with a tank 47 for supplying pressurized oil to the water level pump 41.
Optionally, a hydraulic gauge 6 is arranged on a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder 43 and the core holding cavity 44 and at the output end of the annulus pump 31.
In the above implementation, monitoring of the pressure of the core holding cavity 44 and the output pressure of the annular air pump 31 can be facilitated by the hydraulic gauge 6.
In this embodiment, the experimental apparatus further comprises an equipment controller 7, and the equipment controller 7 is electrically connected with the annulus pump 31, the water layer pump 41, the temperature adjusting module 5 and the sensor module, respectively. The equipment controller 7 is used for controlling the pressure regulation of the annular pump 31 and the water layer pump 41, controlling the temperature regulation of the temperature regulation module 5 and receiving the monitoring signals of the sensor module.
Alternatively, the device controller 7 may be operatively controlled by a computer 8.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of an experimental method for cementing annulus pressurization, which is applicable to the experimental apparatus shown in fig. 1, and referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the experimental method includes:
step 201: the casing 200 is placed over the casing string 12 and the sample core 400 is clamped in the core holding chamber 44.
Step 202: grout 300 is injected into the annulus 100.
Step 203: an elastomeric excluder ring 13 and upper kettle cover 14 are mounted in sequence at a first end of the annulus 100.
Step 204: according to the actual parameters of the well bore, the annular space simulation pressure is determined, and the annular space 100 is pressurized through the annular space pump 31, so that the pressure of the annular space 100 is equal to the annular space simulation pressure.
It should be noted that the actual parameters of the wellbore can be queried in the well log data and are known parameters.
Step 205: and determining the simulated pressure of each water layer according to the actual parameters of each water layer, and pressurizing the corresponding core clamping cavity 44 through each water layer pump 41 to enable the pressure of each core clamping cavity 44 to be equal to the corresponding simulated pressure of the water layer.
It should be noted that the actual parameters of each water layer can be obtained by querying the well log data, and are known parameters.
Step 206: and waiting for the cement slurry 300 and timing until the pressure value detected by any one water layer pressure sensor 21 is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, stopping timing to obtain the annular pressurization starting time, and obtaining an annular pressurization reference value through the annular pressure sensor 22.
Step 207: the output pressure of the annular pump 31 is increased so that the pressure value detected by the annular pressure sensor 22 is always equal to the annular pressurization reference value, and the output pressure increased by the annular pump 31 is the annular pressurization value.
Step 208: and calculating to obtain an actual annular pressurization value according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11, the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body 11 to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft and the annular pressurization value.
In this embodiment, the experimental method includes:
calculating an actual annular pressurization value by the following formula:
wherein, Δ P Practice of For the actual annulus pressurization value, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11, epsilon is the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body 11 to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft, and delta P Simulation of Is the annulus pressurization value.
In the implementation manner, the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft can be obtained by calculating the depth of the well cementation position, the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11 can be obtained by measuring, the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body 11 and the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft can be obtained by measuring, and the annulus pressurization value can be obtained by experiments.
When the experimental device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is used for simulating well cementation operation, a casing is sleeved on the casing string 12 to simulate the casing arrangement in a shaft, and the sample core 400 is clamped in the core clamping cavity 44 to simulate matrix in a water layer. Grout 300 is injected into the annulus 100 and an elastomeric packing ring 13 and an upper pot cover 14 are sequentially installed at a first end of the annulus 100 to seal the annulus 100. The annulus 100 is pressurized by the annulus pump 31 so that the pressure of the annulus 100 is equal to the annulus simulation pressure for simulating the pressure at the cementing depth of the wellbore after the cement slurry 300 is injected, and the annulus simulation pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of the wellbore. The core clamping cavities 44 corresponding to each other are pressurized through the water layer pumps 41, so that the pressure of each core clamping cavity 44 is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure and is used for simulating the pressure of each water layer, the water layer simulated pressure can be obtained according to the actual parameters of each water layer, the pressure of the annular space 100 is greater than the pressure of the water layer, the first rod cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder 43 is compressed, and the pressure of the first rod cavity is relieved through the pressure limiting valve 42.
Waiting for the cement paste 300 and timing, wherein in the waiting process of the cement paste 300, the cement paste 300 gradually loses weight, and the pressure in the annulus 100 is gradually reduced, until the pressure value detected by any one water layer pressure sensor 21 is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, timing is stopped to obtain the annulus pressurization starting time, and the annulus pressurization starting time can be used in an actual wellbore. Since the pressure in the annulus 100 is now exactly equal to the pressure in the water layer, the annulus 100 and water layer pressures remain balanced and an annulus pressurization reference is now available via the annulus pressure sensor 22. As the cement slurry 300 continues to hydrate and lose weight, in order to keep the pressure of the annulus 100 and the water layer balanced all the time, the output pressure of the annulus pump 31 needs to be increased, so that the pressure value detected by the annulus pressure sensor 22 is always equal to the annulus pressurization reference value, and the increased output pressure of the annulus pump 31 is the annulus pressurization value. Because the size of the kettle body 11 is different from the size of the actual shaft, and the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11 is different from the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, the actual annular pressure value is calculated according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry 300 in the kettle body 11, the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body 11 to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft and the annular pressure value.
The above description is intended to be exemplary only and not to limit the present disclosure, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure is to be considered as the same as the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for well cementation annular pressurization is characterized by comprising an experimental kettle, a sensor module, an annular pressure adjusting module and at least two water layer pressure adjusting modules;
the experimental kettle comprises a kettle body, a casing string, an elastic packing ring, an upper kettle cover and a lower kettle cover, wherein the casing string is coaxially inserted in the kettle body, a cylindrical annular space is formed between the kettle body and the casing string, the elastic packing ring is coaxially and hermetically arranged in the annular space and close to a first end of the annular space, the upper kettle cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at the first end of the annular space, and the lower kettle cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at a second end of the annular space;
the annular pressure adjusting module comprises an annular pump, and the output end of the annular pump penetrates through the upper kettle cover to be communicated with the annular space between the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover;
the water layer pressure adjusting modules are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction of the annular space, each water layer pressure adjusting module comprises a water layer pump, a pressure limiting valve, a middle hydraulic cylinder and a core clamping cavity, for any water layer pressure adjusting module, the output end of the water layer pump and the input end of the pressure limiting valve are both communicated with a first rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder, the core clamping cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the kettle body, the core clamping cavity is communicated with the annular space between the elastic packing ring and the lower kettle cover, and a second rodless cavity of the middle hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the core clamping cavity;
the sensor module comprises water layer pressure sensors and annular pressure sensors, the water layer pressure sensors correspond to the core clamping cavities one by one, each water layer pressure sensor is arranged in the annular space, each water layer pressure sensor and the corresponding core clamping cavity are located on the same horizontal plane, and the annular pressure sensors are arranged in the annular space and close to the second end of the annular space.
2. The experimental device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature adjustment module disposed proximate to the kettle body and extending along a length of the annulus.
3. The experimental device of claim 2, wherein the temperature adjusting module comprises an electric tracing band and a cooling water pipe, the electric tracing band and the cooling water pipe are both arranged close to the kettle body and extend along the length direction of the annular space, and the electric tracing band and the cooling water pipe are arranged at intervals.
4. The experimental facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the threshold value of the pressure limiting valve is greater than the output pressure of the water layer pump by 0.05MPa.
5. The experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a first vent valve is arranged on the upper kettle cover, and the first vent valve passes through the upper kettle cover to be communicated with an annulus between the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover.
6. The experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each water layer pressure regulating module comprises a second blow-off valve, and the second blow-off valve is communicated with a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder and the core holding cavity.
7. The experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each water layer pressure regulating module comprises a stop valve, and the stop valve is communicated with a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder and the core holding cavity.
8. The experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a hydraulic gauge is arranged on a pipeline between the intermediate hydraulic cylinder and the core holding cavity and on an output end of the annular air pump.
9. An experimental method for cementing annulus pressurization, which is applied to the experimental device of any one of claims 1 to 8, and which comprises:
sleeving a sleeve on the casing string, and clamping a sample rock core in the rock core clamping cavity;
injecting cement slurry into the annulus;
sequentially installing the elastic packing ring and the upper kettle cover at the first end of the annular space;
determining annulus simulation pressure according to actual parameters of a wellbore, and pressurizing the annulus through the annulus pump to enable the pressure of the annulus to be equal to the annulus simulation pressure;
determining simulated pressure of each water layer according to actual parameters of each water layer, and pressurizing the corresponding core clamping cavity through each water layer pump to enable the pressure of each core clamping cavity to be equal to the corresponding simulated pressure of the water layer;
waiting for setting the cement paste and timing until the pressure value detected by any one of the water layer pressure sensors is equal to the corresponding water layer simulated pressure, stopping timing to obtain annulus pressurization starting time, and obtaining an annulus pressurization reference value through the annulus pressure sensors;
increasing the output pressure of the annular pump, so that the pressure value detected by the annular pressure sensor is always equal to the annular pressurization reference value, and the increased output pressure of the annular pump is an annular pressurization value;
and calculating to obtain an actual annular pressurization value according to the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body, the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft and the annular pressurization value.
10. The assay of claim 9, wherein the assay comprises:
calculating the actual annular pressurization value by the following formula:
wherein, Δ P In fact The actual annulus pressurization value is obtained, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the actual shaft, H is the vertical depth of the cement slurry in the kettle body, epsilon is the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the kettle body to the diameter of the cross section of the actual shaft, and delta P Simulation of And the annulus pressurization value is obtained.
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