CN108252680A - A kind of automatic control system and method for annular pressure of cementing the well - Google Patents
A kind of automatic control system and method for annular pressure of cementing the well Download PDFInfo
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- CN108252680A CN108252680A CN201611243878.3A CN201611243878A CN108252680A CN 108252680 A CN108252680 A CN 108252680A CN 201611243878 A CN201611243878 A CN 201611243878A CN 108252680 A CN108252680 A CN 108252680A
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- pressure
- annular
- control system
- automatic control
- annular pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of automatic control systems and method of annular pressure of cementing the well, are related to petroleum works cementing technology field.The automatic control system includes pressure compensated pump, the throttle valve that surges, pressure sensor and data collection control centre, the value P for the annular pressure that data collection control centre transmits by comparing pressure sensoriWith the preset value P of annular pressuret, the opening and closing of automatic pressure control compensation pump and the throttle valve that surges, automatically controlling and adjusting so as to fulfill well cementation annular pressure.Automatic control system and method provided by the invention can not only improve oil gas well cementing operation Cementation Quality, prevent casing and cementing from failing, also be able to save well cementation wait it is solidifying during cementing truck lease expenses, not needing to drilling team cadre, to sit hilllock on duty, has significant comprehensive benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum works cementing technology field, more particularly to a kind of automatic control system for annular pressure of cementing the well
And method.
Background technology
In oil gas well cementing operation, after cementing, in order to which reservoir fluid (oil, gas and water etc.) is prevented to invade annular space, influence
Cement sheath bonding quality, often applies certain pressure in well head annular space, and compensation cement mortar is formed in aquation process of setting
Pressure drop.
In actual production, after cementing, annular space is first closed, is then beaten with cementing truck by kill manifold to annular space
Pressure after pressure value reaches preset value, closes kill manifold valve, dismantles cementing truck.However, due to formation temperature height, replace
Cement mortar into annular space is heated up, simultaneously because heat release during cement mortar physical reaction, the cement in annular space
Slurry further heats up, and the pressure in annular space is caused constantly to increase.When annular pressure and annular space head of liquid are more than formation leakage
During pressure, underground may miss, and well cementation is caused to fail.In produced on-site, casing and cementing teacher often explains drilling engineering
Shi Zuo hilllocks observe, when annular pressure be more than certain value, annular pressure is let out by the liquid-operated flat valve opened on kill manifold
Certain value.
In the implementation of the present invention, the inventors discovered that having at least the following problems in the prior art：Due to manual
The liquid-operated flat valve open degree on kill manifold is operated, annular pressure fluctuation can be caused too big, and then influence annular space cement sheath
Bonding quality reduces oil gas well cementing operation construction success rate.
Invention content
In order to solve the technical issues of above-mentioned, the present invention provides a kind of well cementation annular space that can improve oil gas well cementing operation quality
The automatic control system and method for pressure.
Specifically, including following technical solution：
A kind of automatic control system for annular pressure of cementing the well, the automatic control system are used to control oil by well control manifold
The annular pressure of well annular space, the well control manifold include kill manifold, choke manifold and the pressure for measuring the annular pressure
Power table, the automatic control system include：
The pressure compensated pump being arranged on the kill manifold；
The throttle valve that surges being arranged on the choke manifold；And
The pressure sensor being arranged on the pressure gauge；
And during the pressure sensor, the pressure compensated pump and the throttle valve that surges control respectively with data collection
Electrocardio connects, the value P for the annular pressure that the data collection control centre transmits by comparing the pressure sensoriWith annular space
The preset value P of pressuret, automatically control the opening and closing of the pressure compensated pump and the throttle valve that surges.
Preferably, the preset value P of the annular pressuretCalculation formula be：
Pt=(ρIt is complete-ρEvery)·0.00981·HEvery+(ρIt is complete-ρIt is weightless)·0.00981·HEnvelope, wherein,
ρIt is completeThe density of-completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρEveryThe density of-insulating liquid, g/cm3；
ρIt is weightlessThe density of-weightlessness cement mortar, g/cm3, can density of the value for the continuous brine of earth's surface；
HEveryThe vertical depth of-insulating liquid, m；
HEnvelopeThe vertical depth of-cement sealing section, m；
And maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe calculation formula of max is：
PtMax=PIt is broken-ρLiquid·0.00981·HSet, wherein,
PIt is brokenThe fracture pressure of-sleeve bottom, MPa；
ρLiquid- sleeve bottom is to the density of well head liquid, g/cm3；
HSetThe vertical depth of-casing, m.
Preferably, the pressure compensated pump is electric drive plunger pump.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Preferably, the throttle valve that surges is needle-valve.
Preferably, the data collection control centre includes pressure control software.
A kind of autocontrol method for annular pressure of cementing the well, the autocontrol method include：
Before cement mortar replacement, the automatic control system is installed additional on the well control manifold；And it is received by the data
Collect the preset value P that control centre sets the annular pressuret, and the preset value P of the annular pressuretNo more than maximum loop pneumatics
Power preset value Ptmax；
After cement mortar replaces in place, the oil well annular space is closed, starts the automatic control system, the pressure sensing
Device is in real time by the value P of the annular pressure of the gauge measurementiPass to the data collection control centre, the number
According to collecting control centre by the value P of the annular pressureiWith the preset value P of the annular pressuretCompare：
Work as Pi＜ PtWhen, the data collection control centre sends open instructions to the pressure compensated pump, makes the pressure
Compensate pump startup；Work as Pi=PtWhen, the pressure compensated pump is stopped；
Work as Pi＞ PtWhen, the data collection control centre sends open instructions to the throttle valve that surges, and makes described surge
Throttle valve is opened；Work as Pi=PtWhen, the throttle valve closing of surging.
Further, annular pressure compensation scheme, the annular pressure compensation are preset in the automatic control system
Scheme is：According to the preset value P for the annular pressure being calculatedt, by the pressure compensated pump in each period
Gradually apply certain pressure into the well cementation annular space so that the annular pressure preset value P of each periodt-hrConstantly increase
Add, until the accumulative pressure applied reaches the preset value P of the annular pressuret；It is described automatic and in each period
Control system maintains Pi=Pt-hr。
Preferably, the annular pressure compensation scheme is：Each two hour applies 2Mpa into the well cementation annular space.
The advantageous effect of technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention：Provide a kind of automatically controlling for annular pressure of cementing the well
System and method.Specifically, pressure compensated pump, pressure sensor are installed additional on kill manifold, connects and surges on choke manifold
Throttle valve, pressure compensated pump, pressure sensor and the throttle valve that surges are connect respectively with data collection control centre, data collection control
Center processed according to the annular pressure of pressure sensor real-time Transmission, the unlatching of automatic pressure control compensation pump and the throttle valve that surges or
It closes.I.e. when forming pressure drop in replacing to the cement mortar aquation process of setting in annular space, increased by pressure compensated pump and pressed
The pressure drop of force compensating；The heat release in because of stratum heat transfer, cement mortar materializing procedure, the cement mortar in annular space are heated, are caused
When pressure in annular space constantly increases, by throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically to preset value, so as to remain that annular pressure can
It controls, is steady.The automatic control system and method for well cementation annular pressure provided in an embodiment of the present invention are one and pass through pressure compensation
Being pressurized of pump, throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically realize the technology of annular pressure automatic adjustment, can not only improve oil gas well cementing operation water
Mud bonding quality, prevents casing and cementing from failing, additionally it is possible to save the lease expenses of cementing truck during well cementation time is coagulated, not need to well
Team official's seat hilllock is on duty, has significant comprehensive benefit.
Description of the drawings
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of the automatic control system of annular pressure of cementing the well provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral in figure represents respectively：
1st, kill manifold；
2nd, choke manifold；
3rd, pressure gauge；
4th, pressure compensated pump；
5th, pressure sensor；
6th, surge throttle valve；
7th, data collection control centre.
Specific embodiment
To make technical scheme of the present invention and advantage clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing into
One step it is described in detail.Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the embodiment of the present invention are respectively provided with and art technology
The normally understood identical meaning of personnel.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of automatic control system for annular pressure of cementing the well, which is used to pass through
Well control manifold controls the annular pressure of oil well annular space, which includes kill manifold 1, choke manifold 2 and for measuring
The pressure gauge 3 of annular pressure is stated, which includes：
The pressure compensated pump 4 being arranged on kill manifold 1；
The throttle valve 6 that surges being arranged on choke manifold 2；And
The pressure sensor 5 being arranged on pressure gauge 3；
And pressure sensor 5, pressure compensated pump 4 and the throttle valve 6 that surges are electrically connected respectively with data collection control centre 7
It connects, the value P for the annular pressure that data collection control centre 7 transmits by comparing pressure sensor 5iWith the preset value of annular pressure
Pt, the opening and closing of automatic pressure control compensation pump 4 and the throttle valve 6 that surges.
It should be noted that the preset value P of the annular pressuretNo more than maximum annular pressure preset value PtMax works as Pt
＞ PtDuring max, the preset value P of annular pressuretValue is PtThe value of max.
Wherein, the preset value P of annular pressuretCalculation formula be：
Pt=(ρIt is complete-ρEvery)·0.00981·HEvery+(ρIt is complete-ρIt is weightless)·0.00981·HEnvelope, wherein,
ρIt is completeThe density of-completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρEveryThe density of-insulating liquid, g/cm3；
ρIt is weightlessThe density of-weightlessness cement mortar, g/cm3, can density of the value for the continuous brine of earth's surface；
HEveryThe vertical depth of-insulating liquid, m；
HEnvelopeThe vertical depth of-cement sealing section, m；
Maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe calculation formula of max is：
PtMax=PIt is broken-ρLiquid·0.00981·HSet, wherein,
PIt is brokenThe fracture pressure of-sleeve bottom, MPa；
ρLiquid- sleeve bottom is to the density of well head liquid, g/cm3；
HSetThe vertical depth of-casing, m.
Before cement mortar replacement, the automatic control system is installed additional on well control manifold, and pass through data collection control centre 7
Set the preset value P of annular pressuret.The operation principle of the automatic control system of well cementation annular pressure provided in an embodiment of the present invention
For：After cement mortar replaces in place, oil well annular space is closed, starts the automatic control system, pressure sensor 5 is in real time by pressure
The value P for the annular pressure that table 3 measuresiPass to data collection control centre 7, data collection control centre 7 is by annular pressure
Value PiWith the preset value P of annular pressuretCompare：
Work as Pi＜ PtWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to pressure compensated pump 4, opens pressure compensated pump 4
It is dynamic；Work as Pi=PtWhen, pressure compensated pump 4 is stopped；
Work as Pi＞ PtWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to the throttle valve 6 that surges, and the throttle valve 6 that makes to surge is beaten
It opens, works as Pi=PtWhen, the throttle valve 6 that surges is closed.
That is, when forming pressure drop in replacing to the cement mortar aquation process of setting in annular space, mended by pressure
Repaying pump increases pressure compensated pressure drop；The heat release in because of stratum heat transfer, cement mortar materializing procedure, the cement mortar quilt in annular space
Heating, when causing the pressure in annular space constantly to increase, by throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically to preset value, so as to remain ring
It is empty pressure controllable, steady.The automatic control system of well cementation annular pressure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is one and is mended by pressure
Being pressurized of pump, throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically are repaid, realizes the technology of annular pressure automatic adjustment, which can not only improve oil gas
Well cementing concrete bonding quality, prevents casing and cementing from failing, additionally it is possible to the lease expenses of cementing truck during well cementation time is coagulated is saved,
It is on duty not need to drilling team cadre seat hilllock, there is significant comprehensive benefit.
In the automatic control system of above-mentioned well cementation annular pressure, to pressure compensated pump 4, pressure sensor 5 and surge
The type of throttle valve 6 without considered critical, can realize above-mentioned function.For example, pressure compensated pump 4 can be plunger pump,
It can be diesel-driven pump or electric drive pump, be controlled and required according to above-mentioned pressure, it is preferable that electric drive plunger pump can be selected；
Pressure sensor 5 is the sensor for measuring annular pressure, can be resistance strain gage pressure sensor, semiconductor gauge pressure
Sensor, piezoresistive pressure sensor, inductance pressure transducer, capacitance pressure transducer, resonance type pressure sensor and
Capacitance acceleration transducer etc., preferably piezoresistive pressure sensor；The throttle valve 6 that surges is by change throttling section or section
Length is flowed to control the valve of fluid flow, can be cage sleeving valve, needle-valve and flap type, preferably needle-valve.
In the automatic control system of above-mentioned well cementation annular pressure, data collection control centre 7 is acquisition annular pressure
Data and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller (PLC)) the controls system for transmitting switch order
System, including pressure control software, data line etc..
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of autocontrol method for annular pressure of cementing the well, which includes：
Before cement mortar replacement, the automatic control system is installed additional on well control manifold；And pass through the pressure control of data collection control centre 7
The preset value P of software set annular pressure processedt, and the preset value P of annular pressuretNo more than maximum annular pressure preset value
Ptmax；
After cement mortar replaces in place, well head residual cement slurry is rinsed, closes oil well annular space, started this and automatically control and be
System, the value P for the annular pressure that pressure sensor 5 in real time measures pressure gauge 3iPass to data collection control centre 7, data
Control centre 7 is collected by the value P of annular pressureiWith the preset value P of annular pressuretCompare：
Work as Pi＜ PtWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to pressure compensated pump 4, opens pressure compensated pump 4
It is dynamic；Work as Pi=PtWhen, pressure compensated pump 4 is stopped；
Work as Pi＞ PtWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to the throttle valve 6 that surges, and the throttle valve 6 that makes to surge is beaten
It opens；Work as Pi=PtWhen, the throttle valve 6 that surges is closed.
Wherein, the preset value P of annular pressuretWith maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe computational methods of max are as described above.
In the autocontrol method of above-mentioned well cementation annular pressure, annular pressure fluctuation is larger in order to prevent, influences water
The bonding quality of mud ring can be preset with annular pressure compensation in the data collection control centre 7 in the automatic control system
Scheme, for example, annular pressure compensation scheme can be set to be stepped up by the pressure control software of data collection control centre 7
Mode, specially：Certain pressure is gradually applied into well cementation annular space in each period by pressure compensated pump 4 so that
The annular pressure preset value P of each periodt-hrIt is continuously increased, until the accumulative pressure applied reaches the preset value of annular pressure
Pt, for example, may be configured as each two hour applies 2MPa, the i.e. period every two hours, P into well cementation annular spacet-hrIt is equal to
2MPa, 4MPa, 6MPa ... Pt, and in each period, the automatic control system can maintain Pi=Pt-hr, that is, exist
In each period：
Work as Pi＜ Pt-hrWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to pressure compensated pump 4, makes pressure compensated pump 4
Start；Work as Pi=Pt-hrWhen, pressure compensated pump 4 is stopped；
Work as Pi＞ Pt-hrWhen, data collection control centre 7 sends open instructions to the throttle valve 6 that surges, and makes the throttle valve 6 that surges
It opens, works as Pi=Pt-hrWhen, the throttle valve 6 that surges is closed.
That is, when forming pressure drop in replacing to the cement mortar aquation process of setting in annular space, mended by pressure
Repaying pump increases pressure compensated pressure drop；The heat release in because of stratum heat transfer, cement mortar materializing procedure, the cement mortar quilt in annular space
Heating, when causing the pressure in annular space constantly to increase, by throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically to preset value, so as to remain ring
It is empty pressure controllable, steady.The autocontrol method of well cementation annular pressure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is one and is mended by pressure
Being pressurized of pump, throttle valve pressure release of surging automatically are repaid, realizes the technology of annular pressure automatic adjustment, which can not only improve oil gas
Well cementing concrete bonding quality, prevents casing and cementing from failing, additionally it is possible to the lease expenses of cementing truck during well cementation time is coagulated is saved,
It is on duty not need to drilling team cadre seat hilllock, there is significant comprehensive benefit.
The above is for only for ease of it will be understood by those skilled in the art that technical scheme of the present invention, not limiting
The present invention.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automatic control system for annular pressure of cementing the well, the automatic control system are used to control oil well by well control manifold
The annular pressure of annular space, the well control manifold include kill manifold (1), choke manifold (2) and for measuring the annular pressure
Pressure gauge (3), which is characterized in that the automatic control system includes：
The pressure compensated pump (4) being arranged on the kill manifold (1)；
The throttle valve that surges (6) being arranged on the choke manifold (2)；And
The pressure sensor (5) being arranged on the pressure gauge (3)；
And the pressure sensor (5), the pressure compensated pump (4) and the throttle valve that surges (6) respectively with data collection
Control centre (7) is electrically connected, the annular space that the data collection control centre (7) is transmitted by comparing the pressure sensor (5)
The value P of pressureiWith the preset value P of annular pressuret, automatically control the pressure compensated pump (4) and the throttle valve that surges (6)
It opens and closes.
2. automatic control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preset value P of the annular pressuretCalculating
Formula is：
Pt=(ρIt is complete-ρEvery)·0.00981·HEvery+(ρIt is complete-ρIt is weightless)·0.00981·HEnvelope, wherein,
ρIt is completeThe density of-completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρEveryThe density of-insulating liquid, g/cm3；
ρIt is weightlessThe density of-weightlessness cement mortar, g/cm3, can density of the value for the continuous brine of earth's surface；
HEveryThe vertical depth of-insulating liquid, m；
HEnvelopeThe vertical depth of-cement sealing section, m；
And maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe calculation formula of max is：
PtMax=PIt is broken-ρLiquid·0.00981·HSet, wherein,
PIt is brokenThe fracture pressure of-sleeve bottom, MPa；
ρLiquid- sleeve bottom is to the density of well head liquid, g/cm3；
HSetThe vertical depth of-casing, m.
3. automatic control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure compensated pump (4) is electric drive column
Plug pump.
4. automatic control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure sensor (5) is pressure resistance type pressure
Force snesor.
5. automatic control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the throttle valve that surges (6) is needle-valve.
6. automatic control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data collection control centre (7) includes
Pressure control software.
A kind of 7. autocontrol method using claim 1-6 any one of them automatic control systems, which is characterized in that institute
Autocontrol method is stated to include：
Before cement mortar replacement, the automatic control system is installed additional on the well control manifold；And pass through the data collection control
Center (7) processed sets the preset value P of the annular pressuret, and the preset value P of the annular pressuretNo more than maximum annular pressure
Preset value Ptmax；
After cement mortar replaces in place, the oil well annular space is closed, starts the automatic control system, the pressure sensor
(5) the value P for the annular pressure in real time measuring the pressure gauge (3)iPass to the data collection control centre
(7), the data collection control centre (7) is by the value P of the annular pressureiWith the preset value P of the annular pressuretCompare：
Work as Pi＜ PtWhen, the data collection control centre (7) sends open instructions to the pressure compensated pump (4), makes the pressure
Force compensating pump (4) starts；Work as Pi=PtWhen, the pressure compensated pump (4) is stopped；
Work as Pi＞ PtWhen, the data collection control centre (7) sends open instructions to the throttle valve that surges (6), makes the liquid
Dynamic throttle valve (6) is opened；Work as Pi=PtWhen, the throttle valve that surges (6) is closed.
8. autocontrol method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the preset value P of the annular pressuretCalculating
Formula is：
Pt=(ρIt is complete-ρEvery)·0.00981·HEvery+(ρIt is complete-ρIt is weightless)·0.00981·HEnvelope, wherein,
ρIt is completeThe density of-completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρEveryThe density of-insulating liquid, g/cm3；
ρIt is weightlessThe density of-weightlessness cement mortar, g/cm3, can density of the value for the continuous brine of earth's surface；
HEveryThe vertical depth of-insulating liquid, m；
HEnvelopeThe vertical depth of-cement sealing section, m；
The maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe calculation formula of max is：
PtMax=PIt is broken-ρLiquid·0.00981·HSet, wherein,
PIt is brokenThe fracture pressure of-sleeve bottom, MPa；
ρLiquid- sleeve bottom is to the density of well head liquid, g/cm3；
HSetThe vertical depth of-casing, m.
9. autocontrol method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that be preset with ring in the automatic control system
Pneumatics force compensating scheme, the annular pressure compensation scheme are：According to the preset value P for the annular pressure being calculatedt, lead to
It crosses the pressure compensated pump (4) and gradually applies certain pressure into the well cementation annular space in each period so that is described every
The annular pressure preset value P of a periodt-hrIt is continuously increased, until the accumulative pressure applied reaches the default of the annular pressure
Value Pt；And in each period, the automatic control system maintains Pi=Pt-hr。
10. autocontrol method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the annular pressure compensation scheme is：Every two
A hour applies 2MPa into the well cementation annular space.
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| CN111088977A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization |
| CN114961606A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-30 | 西南石油大学 | High-pressure gas well annular space automatic pressure relief and pressure compensation system based on PLC control and control method |
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| CN114961606B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-10-13 | 西南石油大学 | Automatic pressure relief and supplementing system for high-pressure gas well annulus based on PLC control and control method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108252680B (en) | 2020-10-09 |
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