CN111997589B - Full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bonding strength testing device and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bonding strength testing device and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997589B CN111997589B CN202010945086.0A CN202010945086A CN111997589B CN 111997589 B CN111997589 B CN 111997589B CN 202010945086 A CN202010945086 A CN 202010945086A CN 111997589 B CN111997589 B CN 111997589B
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012372 quality testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a testing method of a full-size cement sheath packing capacity and cementation strength testing device, wherein the upper end and the lower end of a full-size sleeve are respectively provided with a kettle cover and a kettle bottom; a top pressure sensor is arranged on the kettle cover; a bottom pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the kettle, a bottom gas injection port is also arranged at the bottom of the kettle, and the bottom gas injection port is connected with a nitrogen cylinder through a pipeline; paving sand at the bottom inside the full-size casing, placing the core in the full-size casing and on the sand, and injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing and the core to form a cement sheath; the full-size sleeve is wrapped with heat insulation cotton and a heating sleeve, and a control system of the heating sleeve is connected with a computer; the ultrasonic testing device also comprises an ultrasonic measuring probe which is arranged on the outer side of the full-size casing and is used for carrying out ultrasonic testing on the combination of the rock core, the cement sheath and the full-size casing. The invention realizes the direct test of the cementing strength and the packing capability of the full-size cement sheath while simulating the curing process of the full-size cement sheath under different temperature and pressure conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cement slurry performance evaluation for petroleum well cementation operation, and particularly relates to a testing method of a full-size cement sheath packing capacity and cementing strength testing device.
Background
The cement sheath failure is an important mechanism for triggering the integrity risk of the shaft, the cement sheath is an important component of a shaft barrier, and the quality of the cement sheath is a key factor for determining whether the oil-gas well can safely produce. Production practices show that the sealing failure of the underground cement ring often causes phenomena such as well mouth channeling of an oil-gas well, annulus pressure of the well mouth or deterioration of cementing logging quality of a corresponding interval, and the like, and the abandonment of the oil well can also be caused under extreme conditions, so that the construction of oil-gas productivity is seriously influenced, and the exploration and development benefits are reduced. Therefore, the sealing capability and the cementing strength of the cement sheath well need to be evaluated quickly indoors before well cementation, and the performance of cement slurry is adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the aims of improving the well cementation quality and preventing the sealing failure of the cement sheath are fulfilled. At present, a cement sheath packing capacity and cementation quality testing method usually uses a 'one-to-one-receiving' acoustic probe and a casing-cement sheath-stratum combined model, the frequency of the 'one-to-one-receiving' acoustic probe is between 10 and 20Hz, the wavelength is about 14 to 20m, and the casing-cement sheath-stratum model required by continuous measurement is large in rock; if the casing is used for replacing rock, the condition that two cementing surfaces of the casing, the cement sheath and the stratum are simulated simultaneously under the condition that a full-size cement sheath is used cannot be met, and when the simulated cement sheath is maintained under the conditions of different temperatures and pressures, a conventional CBL/SBT direct measuring tool cannot be put into a pressurized closed space; errors may be amplified after inversion using indirect measurements, leading to further distortion of the evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation, in order to overcome the defects of the existing evaluation experiment means, the invention provides a testing method of a full-size cement sheath packing capacity and cementation strength testing device, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the full-size cement sheath packing capacity and cementation strength testing device comprises a full-size cement sheath packing kettle body and a full-size sleeve, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the full-size sleeve are respectively provided with a kettle cover and a kettle bottom;
further, the upper end of the full-size sleeve is connected with the kettle cover through a top flange plate, a top bolt and a top nut, a top sealing ring is arranged at the joint, the lower end of the full-size sleeve is connected with the kettle bottom through a bottom flange plate, a bottom bolt and a bottom nut, and a bottom sealing ring is arranged at the joint;
a top pressure sensor is arranged on the kettle cover; a bottom pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the kettle, a bottom gas injection port is also arranged at the bottom of the kettle, and the bottom gas injection port is connected with a nitrogen cylinder through a pipeline;
paving sand at the bottom inside the full-size casing, placing the core in the full-size casing and on the sand, and injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing and the core to form a cement sheath;
the full-size sleeve is wrapped with heat insulation cotton and a heating sleeve, and a control system of the heating sleeve is connected with a computer;
the ultrasonic testing device also comprises an ultrasonic measuring probe which is arranged on the outer side of the full-size casing and is used for carrying out ultrasonic testing on the combination of the rock core, the cement sheath and the full-size casing.
The testing device uses bolts to bear pressure, the sealing ring is sealed, and the inside can bear the pressure of 15 MPa. Heating the device by using a heating jacket, heat insulation cotton and a temperature control box to accurately simulate the curing temperature of the cement sheath.
And a pressure sensor and an instrument are arranged on the open holes of the upper sealing flange and the lower sealing flange, so that the upper pressure and the lower pressure of the cement sheath are measured, and the packing capacity of the cement sheath is evaluated.
The ultrasonic measuring probe is a single-receiving-single-transmitting ultrasonic probe, replaces the existing single-transmitting-receiving acoustic probe, is used for shortening the length of the experimental device and is convenient for indoor tests; the invention replaces the traditional casing-cement sheath-stratum model with the stratum-cement sheath-casing model, realizes the simulation of the curing process of the full-size cement sheath under different temperature and pressure conditions and directly tests the cementing strength and the packing capability of the full-size cement sheath,
the invention also provides a testing method of the full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bond strength testing device, which comprises the following steps:
testing the pressure, namely connecting the full-size sleeve with the top flange plate and the bottom flange plate, injecting nitrogen from a bottom gas injection port, observing and recording the readings of the top pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor, standing for a period of time, observing and recording the readings of the top pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor again, and if the readings are not changed, indicating that the sealing performance of the full-size cement ring packing kettle is good, releasing the pressure, and opening a kettle cover to finish the pressure testing; if the reading number is reduced, the sealing performance of the full-size cement sheath sealed kettle body is damaged, pressure is released, the kettle cover and the kettle bottom are opened, the kettle cover and the kettle bottom are reinstalled after the sealing ring is replaced, and pressure test is carried out again according to the steps until the pressure test is finished;
placing sand at the bottom of a full-size casing after pressure testing, wherein the sand is 8-10cm thick, placing a core on the sand in the full-size casing, injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing and the core, installing a kettle cover, installing heat-insulating cotton and a heating sleeve, and performing waiting setting according to different pressure and temperature conditions to form a cement sheath; carrying out ultrasonic testing by using an ultrasonic measuring probe to obtain an ultrasonic full-wave oscillogram;
injecting nitrogen from a bottom gas injection port, stopping injecting gas after a certain pressure is reached, closing a valve, and performing a pressure difference test; simultaneously observing the top pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor, recording the reading every ten minutes, and continuously observing the change of the reading; if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor is not changed and the reading of the top pressure sensor is not changed, the good packing capability of the cement sheath can be shown, and if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor is slowly reduced and the reading of the top pressure sensor is continuously increased, the gas channeling can be shown to be generated and the poor packing capability of the cement sheath can be shown;
and (3) decompressing, removing the heat insulation cotton, the heating sleeve, the kettle cover, the kettle bottom and the sealing ring, clearing sand at the bottom, only keeping the full-size casing, the rock core and the cement sheath cemented in the annulus, supporting the full-size casing, and applying a load to the rock core from the top by using an MTS material testing machine until the cement sheath is destroyed to obtain the cementing strength of the cement sheath.
The testing device based on the testing method can realize the curing process of cement rings under different temperatures and pressures under the full-size condition; the method uses the single-receiving-single-transmitting ultrasonic probe to replace the existing single-transmitting-receiving acoustic probe, thereby greatly shortening the length of the experimental device; the stratum-cement sheath-casing model is used for replacing the traditional casing-cement sheath-stratum model, the cement sheath bonding strength and packing capability test is directly carried out while the maintenance process of the full-size cement sheath is simulated under different temperature and pressure conditions, the obtained experimental result can pertinently adjust the cement slurry performance, improve the packing capability of the cement sheath, and increase the cement sheath bonding strength, so that the aims of preventing the sealing failure of the cement sheath and improving the well cementation quality are fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the operation of the ultrasonic measuring probe of the present invention at the full-size casing 1 of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment. As shown in figure 1 of the drawings, in which,
as shown in fig. 1, the full-size cement sheath packing capacity and cementation strength testing device comprises a full-size cement sheath packing kettle body and a full-size sleeve 1, wherein the upper end of the full-size sleeve 1 is connected with a kettle cover 17 through a top flange plate 2, a top bolt 3 and a top nut 4, a top sealing ring 5 is arranged at the joint, the lower end of the full-size sleeve 1 is connected with a kettle bottom 18 through a bottom flange plate 6, a bottom bolt 7 and a bottom nut 8, and a bottom sealing ring 9 is arranged at the joint;
a top pressure sensor 10 is arranged on the kettle cover 17; a bottom pressure sensor 11 is arranged at the kettle bottom 18, a bottom gas injection port 12 is also arranged at the kettle bottom 18, and the bottom gas injection port 12 is connected with a nitrogen cylinder through a pipeline;
paving sand 17 at the bottom inside the full-size casing 1, placing the rock core 13 in the full-size casing 1 and on the sand 17, and injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing 1 and the rock core 13 to form a cement sheath 16;
the full-size sleeve 1 is wrapped with heat insulation cotton and a heating sleeve 14, and a control system of the heating sleeve 14 is connected with a computer;
as shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic testing apparatus further comprises an ultrasonic measuring probe 15, which is installed outside the full-size casing 1 and is used for performing ultrasonic testing on the combination of the core 13, the cement sheath 16 and the full-size casing 1. The ultrasonic measurement probe 15 uses a "single-transmission-single-emission" ultrasonic probe.
The testing method of the full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bond strength testing device comprises the following steps:
testing pressure, namely connecting the full-size sleeve 1 with the top flange 2 and the bottom flange 6, injecting nitrogen from the bottom gas injection port 12, observing and recording the readings of the top pressure sensor 10 and the bottom pressure sensor 11, standing for a period of time, observing and recording the readings of the top pressure sensor 10 and the bottom pressure sensor 11 again, and if the readings are not changed, indicating that the sealing performance of the full-size cement ring packing kettle is good, releasing pressure, and opening the kettle cover 17 to finish the pressure testing; if the reading is reduced, the sealing performance of the full-size cement sheath sealed kettle body is damaged, pressure is relieved, the kettle cover 17 and the kettle bottom 18 are opened, the kettle cover 17 and the kettle bottom 18 are reinstalled after the sealing ring is replaced, and pressure test is carried out again according to the steps until the pressure test is finished;
after pressure testing, placing sand 17 at the bottom of a full-size casing 1, wherein the sand thickness is 8-10cm, placing a rock core 13 on the sand 17 in the full-size casing 1, injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing 1 and the rock core 13, installing a kettle cover 17, installing heat-insulating cotton and a heating sleeve 14, and performing gel waiting according to different pressure and temperature conditions to form a cement sheath 16; performing an ultrasonic test by using an ultrasonic measurement probe 15 to obtain an ultrasonic full-wave oscillogram;
injecting nitrogen from the bottom gas injection port 12, stopping injecting gas after a certain pressure is reached, closing the valve, and performing a pressure difference test; simultaneously observing the top pressure sensor 10 and the bottom pressure sensor 11, recording the reading every ten minutes, and continuously observing the change of the reading; if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor 11 is unchanged and the reading of the top pressure sensor 10 is unchanged, the cement sheath packing capacity is good, and if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor 11 is slowly reduced and the reading of the top pressure sensor 10 is continuously increased, the cement sheath packing capacity is poor due to gas channeling;
and (3) decompressing, removing the heat insulation cotton, the heating sleeve 14, the kettle cover 17, the kettle bottom 18 and the sealing ring, clearing the sand 17 at the bottom, only keeping the full-size casing 1, the rock core 13 and the cement sheath 16 cemented in the annular space, supporting the full-size casing 1, and applying a load to the rock core 13 from the top by using an MTS material testing machine until the cement sheath 16 is destroyed to obtain the cementing strength of the cement sheath.
Claims (1)
1. The testing method of the full-size cement sheath packing capability and cementation strength testing device comprises a full-size cement sheath packing kettle body, wherein the full-size cement sheath packing kettle body comprises a full-size sleeve (1), and the upper end and the lower end of the full-size sleeve (1) are respectively provided with a kettle cover (17) and a kettle bottom (18);
a top pressure sensor (10) is arranged on the kettle cover (17); a bottom pressure sensor (11) is arranged at the kettle bottom (18), a bottom gas injection port (12) is also arranged at the kettle bottom (18), and the bottom gas injection port (12) is connected with a nitrogen cylinder through a pipeline;
paving sand (17) at the bottom inside the full-size casing (1), placing a rock core (13) in the full-size casing (1) and on the sand (17), and injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing (1) and the rock core (13) to form a cement sheath (16);
the full-size sleeve (1) is wrapped with heat insulation cotton and a heating sleeve (14), and a control system of the heating sleeve (14) is connected with a computer;
the ultrasonic testing device also comprises an ultrasonic measuring probe (15) which is arranged on the outer side of the full-size casing (1) and is used for carrying out ultrasonic testing on the combination of the rock core (13), the cement sheath (16) and the full-size casing (1);
the upper end of the full-size sleeve (1) is connected with a kettle cover (17) through a top flange plate (2), a top bolt (3) and a top nut (4), a top sealing ring (5) is installed at the joint, the lower end of the full-size sleeve (1) is connected with a kettle bottom (18) through a bottom flange plate (6), a bottom bolt (7) and a bottom nut (8), and a bottom sealing ring (9) is installed at the joint;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
testing pressure, namely connecting a full-size sleeve (1) with a top flange plate (2) and a bottom flange plate (6), injecting nitrogen from a bottom gas injection port (12), observing and recording the readings of a top pressure sensor (10) and a bottom pressure sensor (11), standing for a period of time, observing and recording the readings of the top pressure sensor (10) and the bottom pressure sensor (11) again, and if the readings are not changed, indicating that the sealing performance of the full-size cement ring packing kettle body is good, releasing pressure, opening a kettle cover (17) and completing the pressure testing; if the reading is reduced, the sealing performance of the full-size cement sheath packing kettle body is damaged, pressure is relieved, the kettle cover (17) and the kettle bottom (18) are opened, the kettle cover (17) and the kettle bottom (18) are reinstalled after the sealing ring is replaced, and pressure test is carried out again according to the steps until the pressure test is finished;
after pressure testing, placing sand (17) at the bottom of a full-size casing (1), wherein the sand thickness is 8-10cm, placing a rock core (13) on the sand (17) in the full-size casing (1), injecting cement slurry into an annular space between the full-size casing (1) and the rock core (13), installing a kettle cover (17), installing heat-insulating cotton and a heating sleeve (14), and waiting to set according to different pressure and temperature conditions to form a cement ring (16); carrying out ultrasonic testing by using an ultrasonic measuring probe (15) to obtain an ultrasonic full-wave waveform diagram;
injecting nitrogen from a bottom gas injection port (12), stopping injecting gas after a certain pressure is reached, closing a valve, and performing a pressure difference test; simultaneously observing the top pressure sensor (10) and the bottom pressure sensor (11), recording the reading every ten minutes, and continuously observing the change of the reading; if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor (11) is unchanged and the reading of the top pressure sensor (10) is unchanged, the cement sheath packing capacity is good, and if the reading of the bottom pressure sensor (11) is slowly reduced and the reading of the top pressure sensor (10) is continuously increased, the cement sheath packing capacity is poor, and gas channeling is generated;
and (2) decompressing, removing the heat-insulating cotton, the heating sleeve (14), the kettle cover (17), the kettle bottom (18) and the sealing ring, clearing out bottom sand (17), only reserving the full-size casing (1), the rock core (13) and the cement sheath (16) cemented in the annular space, supporting the full-size casing (1), applying load to the rock core (13) from the top by using an MTS material testing machine until the cement sheath (16) is damaged, and obtaining the cementing strength of the cement sheath.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010945086.0A CN111997589B (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bonding strength testing device and testing method thereof |
| AU2020102732A AU2020102732A4 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-10-15 | Device for testing sealing capacity and cementing strength of full-scale cement sheath and testing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010945086.0A CN111997589B (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Full-size cement sheath packing capacity and bonding strength testing device and testing method thereof |
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| CN111997589A CN111997589A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
| CN111997589B true CN111997589B (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| CN112627786B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江海洋大学 | Ultra-low permeability oil reservoir CO2Displacement process experimental method and device |
| CN115406596A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-11-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Evaluation device and evaluation method for oil-water-gas channeling resistance of cement sheath |
| CN113984652A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Tangential cementing parameter testing method for casing cement sheath interface |
| CN114215505B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-05-16 | 西南石油大学 | Quantitative evaluation device and method for cement circumferential and radial deformation under load spectrum effect |
| CN113899888B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-15 | 成都理工大学 | Device and method for evaluating cement paste condensation quality of slide-resistant pile |
| CN114993571B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2024-06-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device for evaluating effective sealing section of cement sheath under alternating internal pressure |
| CN115263277A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for evaluating hydrostatic column pressure and pressure transmission capacity in well cementation cement slurry hardening |
| CN115248304B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2023-01-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Full-size high-temperature high-pressure cement sheath hydraulic packing performance evaluation device |
| CN116029233B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Well cementation interface sealing performance evaluation method |
| CN116500127B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-08 | 辽宁卓越科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic static gel strength analyzer |
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2020
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| CN101942997A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-01-12 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Cementing wall packer channeling checking instrument |
| CN210660065U (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-06-02 | 成都理工大学 | High-simulation well cementation bonding strength joint test auxiliary device |
| CN111504898A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-08-07 | 长江大学 | Experimental device and method for evaluating cement ring interface bonding strength under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions |
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| AU2020102732A4 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
| CN111997589A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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