CN204024635U - A kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device - Google Patents
A kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN204024635U CN204024635U CN201420403872.8U CN201420403872U CN204024635U CN 204024635 U CN204024635 U CN 204024635U CN 201420403872 U CN201420403872 U CN 201420403872U CN 204024635 U CN204024635 U CN 204024635U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device and experimental technique, and this device comprises kettle, upper kettle cover, lower kettle cover, heating jacket, booster pump, pressure release pump and liquid measure and tolerance recorder.In kettle, can place simulation formation core, at rock core inwall, form mud cake, and can insert sleeve pipe and grout injection; The process of setting of the Water Under mud of simulation underground working, can apply clear water, oil or gas medium at circular cylindrical cement sheath two ends, form pressure reduction, by measuring the variation of leakage or two ends pressure reduction, evaluate the sealing characteristics of corresponding size cement sheath, and can change the factors such as casing size, cement slurry property, cake thickness, maintenance pressure, temperature, evaluate its impact on cement sheath sealing.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to petrol resources exploitation field, be specifically related to a kind of can simulating down-hole actual behavior condition under the testing arrangement of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics.
Background technology
Between a bite Oil/gas Well mine construction stage, need to be lowered to one or more layers sleeve pipe, injected water mud make it to solidify in the annular space forming on sleeve pipe and stratum, carries out the safety with follow-up exploitation smoothly with what guarantee drillng operation.After cement paste solidifies owing to making cement sheath sealing variation cause formation fluid to invade pit shaft under pit shaft internal pressure variations in temperature or formation fluid effect, cause stratum interlayer to alter the steam generation of phenomenon of groove or well head bleed, therefore when slurry design or after cement paste solidifies, need to evaluate the sealing characteristics of cement sheath.At present, about cement sheath sealing characteristics, be mainly by cement sheath cementing strength feature measurement, can be summarized as two kinds of laboratory experiment method of testing and Logging Evaluation Methods.Laboratory experiment method of testing mainly contains: 1. clipping knotting strength test instrument; 2. drilling cuttings-oil well cement mixes slurry firming body compressive strength determination method; 3. water Seepage Flow Simulation Test Unit; 4. mud cake shear strength and water content experiment instrument, spectroanalysis instrument, adhesion strength analyzer; 5. the second interface packing ability of cementing the well simulation evaluation device.Logging Evaluation Method mainly contains acoustic logging (CBL), variable density (VDL), sector well logging (SBT) and imaging logging etc.No matter be laboratory experiment method of testing at present, or the Logging Evaluation Method in engineering is all difficult to obtain the actual hydraulic isolation ability of underground working condition cement sheath.
Utility model content
Based on above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model provides a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device.
The technical solution that the utility model adopts is:
A kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device, comprise kettle, upper kettle cover, lower kettle cover, heating jacket, booster pump, pressure release pump and liquid measure and tolerance recorder, upper kettle cover is arranged on the top of kettle, lower kettle cover is arranged on the bottom of kettle, heating jacket is wrapped in the outside of kettle, in kettle, can place the circular cylindrical rock core of simulated formation, in rock core, insert sleeve pipe, in annular clearance between sleeve pipe and rock core, can form cement sheath, on kettle, be provided with the top pressure mouthful that is communicated with TOC, the base pressure mouth that is communicated with cement sheath bottom, interior mouth and the confined pressure mouth that is communicated with rock core outside of pressing that is communicated with inside pipe casing, a mouthful connecting pipeline one is pressed on top, on pipeline one, be provided with valve three and sensor two, base pressure mouth connecting pipeline two, end at pipeline two is provided with booster pump, on pipeline two, be provided with valve two, valve four, valve five, sensor one, sensor three and sensor four, in the end of pipeline one and sleeve pipe, press mouth to access respectively pipeline two, tie point is between valve two and valve four, confined pressure mouth connecting pipeline three, on pipeline three, be provided with valve one, the end access pipeline two of pipeline three, tie point is between valve two and booster pump, on pipeline three, also connect a branch line four, on branch line four, be provided with valve six, the tie point of branch line four and pipeline three is between confined pressure mouth and valve one, on pipeline two, also connect a branch line five, the tie point of branch line five and pipeline two is between valve four and valve five, the end of branch line five connects pressure release pump, pressure release pump is by pipeline connection traffic and tolerance recorder.
Preferably, on upper kettle cover, be provided with the thermocouple port being connected with thermocouple.
Preferably, in the upper end of rock core, be provided with pressing plate.
Preferably, position inner at kettle and that be positioned at rock core bottom is provided with filter screen.
Preferably, between kettle and upper kettle cover and between kettle and lower kettle cover, be provided with O-ring seal.
Preferably, the end of described pipeline two is also connected with nitrogen cylinder.
Useful technique effect of the present utility model is:
(1) the utility model can realize under simulation borehole condition the formation of drilling fluid mud cake on rock core inwall, under the injection of cement paste, the pressurized conditions of heating cement paste solidify, the process such as the formation of annular space microannulus and cement sheath mechanical failure, and can carry out by this device the test of cement sheath sealing characteristics, evaluate the hydraulic isolation ability of cement sheath under corresponding wellbore conditions, form evaluation method, study different mortar architectures and be frozen into sealability and the major influence factors thereof after Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste, for oil and gas well Mud Property and the evaluation of mineshaft annulus sealing provide foundation.
(2) the utility model has designed autoclave body, can place simulation formation core, forms mud cake, and can insert sleeve pipe and grout injection at rock core inwall; The process of setting of the Water Under mud of simulation underground working, can apply clear water, oil or gas medium at circular cylindrical cement sheath two ends, form pressure reduction, by measuring the variation of leakage or two ends pressure reduction, evaluate the sealing characteristics of corresponding size cement sheath, and can change the factors such as casing size, cement slurry property, cake thickness, maintenance pressure, temperature, evaluate its impact on cement sheath sealing.
(3) the utility model is based on cement sheath interface packing failure mechanism, designed the testing arrangement of simulated oil gas well underground working condition cement anchor ring sealing characteristics, simulated formation rock core-cement sheath and sleeve pipe tested object as a whole, directly test fluid flow is along the sealability at cement sheath interface, the sealing characteristics evaluation method that cement sheath interface equivalent permeability is index is take in foundation, the quantitative assessment of realization to cement sheath waterpower degree of consolidation, thereby evaluate the hydraulic isolation ability of cement sheath reality, can be slurry design, the evaluation of pit shaft sealing and difficult selection of adopting reservoir leptophragmata layer fracturing technology provide foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the utility model simulating test device;
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is the utility model simulating test device formation mud cake.
The specific embodiment
After cementing ring, annular space oil, gas, water breakthrough groove and well head bleed, steam, so far be still the cementing quality problem that also there is no fine solution both at home and abroad, exist especially in the adjustment well of hydraulic oil, gas-bearing formation, this phenomenon is particularly outstanding, annular space is with pressure is the key factor that affects Oil/gas Well safety in production, and the evaluation of cement sheath sealing characteristics is the important evidence of production measure formulation and pit shaft Integrity Assessment.In addition, fracturing reform is to develop at present the topmost technology of low permeability oil field, but leptophragmata crossflow has seriously restricted the segmentation transformation degree of fracturing technology to thin poor reservoir during fracturing work.The compressive strength of rock is about 70-100MPa, and interlayer itself generally can not damaged by pressure, i.e. crossflow mainly occurs in the cement sheath cementation interface at interlayer place, so annular space cement sheath sealability is to select difficult important evidence of adopting reservoir leptophragmata layer fracturing technology.
The utility model is based on cement sheath interface packing failure mechanism, designed the testing arrangement of simulated oil gas well underground working condition cement anchor ring sealing characteristics, simulated formation rock core-cement sheath and sleeve pipe tested object as a whole, directly test fluid flow is along the sealability at cement sheath interface, the sealing characteristics evaluation method that cement sheath interface equivalent permeability is index is take in foundation, realizes the quantitative assessment to cement sheath waterpower degree of consolidation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment, the utility model is elaborated:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device, comprises kettle 1, upper kettle cover 2, lower kettle cover 3, heating jacket 4, booster pump 5, pressure release pump 6 and liquid measure and tolerance recorder 7.Upper kettle cover 2 is arranged on the top of kettle 1, at the center of upper kettle cover 2, is provided with thermocouple port 8, and for being connected with thermocouple, lower kettle cover 3 is arranged on the bottom of kettle 1, and heating jacket 4 is wrapped in the outside of kettle 1.In kettle 1, can place the circular cylindrical rock core 9 of simulated formation, insert sleeve pipe 10 in rock core 9, in the upper end of rock core 9, be provided with pressing plate 11, sleeve pipe 10 is completely placed in the middle under the effect of pressing plate 11.In annular clearance between sleeve pipe 10 and rock core 9, can form cement sheath 12.Mouth 13 is pressed, be communicated with the base pressure mouth 14 of cement sheath bottom, the interior confined pressure mouth 16 of pressing mouth 15 and being communicated with rock core outside of connection inside pipe casing in the top that is provided with connection cement sheath 12 tops on kettle 1.Mouthful 13 connecting pipelines 1 are pressed on top, on pipeline 1, be provided with valve 3 18 and sensor 2 19, base pressure mouth 14 connecting pipelines 2 20, in the end of pipeline 2 20, be provided with booster pump 5, on pipeline 2 20, be provided with valve 2 21, valve 4 22, valve 5 23, sensor 1, sensor 3 25 and sensor 4 26.In the end of pipeline 1 and sleeve pipe, press mouth 15 to access respectively pipeline 2 20, tie point is between valve 2 21 and valve 4 22.Confined pressure mouth 16 connecting pipelines 3 27 are provided with valve 1 on pipeline 3 27, the end access pipeline two of pipeline 3 27, and tie point is between valve two and booster pump.On pipeline three, also connect a branch line four, be provided with valve 6 29 on branch line four, the tie point of branch line four and pipeline three is between confined pressure mouth and valve one.On pipeline two, also connect a branch line five, the tie point of branch line five and pipeline two is between valve 4 22 and valve 5 23, and the end of branch line five connects pressure release pump 6, and pressure release pump is by pipeline connection traffic and tolerance recorder 7.
As a kind of optimal way of the present utility model, position inner at kettle 1 and that be positioned at rock core bottom is provided with filter screen 30.Between kettle 1 and upper kettle cover 2, between kettle 1 and lower kettle cover 3 and be provided with O-ring seal 31 between kettle 1 and pressing plate 11.In addition, in the end of described pipeline two, be also connected with nitrogen cylinder 32.
Below the experimental technique of above-mentioned simulating test device is described:
1, the formation of rock core internal face mud cake
As shown in Figure 2, with special purpose device, make circular cylindrical rock core, special-purpose mesh gum cover on core shell, rock core both ends of the surface put sealing mat and gluing forms sealing surface, put into kettle, inject drilling fluid, pack pressing plate into, screw kettle cover, valve-off one, valve four and valve five, open valve two, valve three and valve six, confined pressure mouth and valve six are discharged filtrate, start booster pump to rock core internal pressurization, because rock core internal pressure is higher than rock core external pressure, drilling fluid in rock core seepage outside rock core, micro-solid phase particles in drilling fluid will be adsorbed on rock core inwall and form mud cake.In order to form the mud cake of different-thickness, can pass through booster pump controlled pressure and leak-off time.Pressure is definite according to rock core tensile strength, and the inside and outside pressure reduction of rock core is no more than 3.50MPa.
Form after mud cake at the appointed time with under pressure reduction condition, the upper kettle cover of outwarding winding, cleans rock core inwall, removes false filter cake.Rock core takes out and cleaning way has 2 kinds:
A. the upper kettle cover of outwarding winding, whole removal of core assembly, externally cleans.
B. in the design of lower kettle cover, stop up bolt female, discharge drilling fluid in still after opening bolt, then from upper kettle cover, inject clear water, discharge, can, by 2～3 times, reach the object of removing false filter cake.
2, cement paste maintenance with solidify
A. grout pouring: the rock core with mud cake is inserted in gum cover, puts into kettle location, insert sleeve pipe, bottom and screen pack are adjacent to, by the annular space of the cement paste sprue bushing preparing and rock core formation, puts into pressing plate, screws kettle cover.Sleeve pipe is completely placed in the middle under the effect of pressing plate.Cement paste preparation is pressed oil well cement paste preparation standard and is carried out, and volume, according to after rock core internal diameter and the calculating of sleeve pipe external diameter, is accurately controlled injection rate, in order to avoid surpass rock core end face, brings the trouble in removing.
B. water inlet: Open valve one and valve three, valve-off two, valve four, valve five and valve six, water is pressed in booster pump → valve one → gum cover external series gap → valve three → sleeve pipe from import in mouth → sleeve pipe, until water is full, from thermocouple port, overflow, screw thermocouple.
C, heating, pressurization, maintenance cement sheath, pressure is controlled by booster pump and pressure release pump, and the curing time of cement paste determines as required, generally more than 8 hours, in 48 hours.
3, sealability evaluation
With reference to rock core Seepage Experiment, by measuring the percolation ability of rock core two ends certain pressure reduction condition simulation wellbore system, available water, oil or gas is as measuring media, and take water, gas is example, minute 3 kinds of situations:
The 1st kind of situation: two interfaces of cement sheath sealing there will be water to wear or gas is worn
Method of operating: valve-off one and valve three, Open valve five, the slow pressure release of pressure release pump, declines suddenly until confined pressure mouth pressure sensor detects pressure, and during decline, the pressure reduction at two ends is the impervious pressure of cement sheath.Need to record confined pressure mouth pressure sensor one pressure and valve five outlet pressure temporal evolutions.
The 2nd kind of situation: two interfaces of cement sheath sealing are seep effect
Method of operating: keep valve one and valve three in opening, in maintenance pressure limit, keep upper surface pressure constant by booster pump controlled pressure value.Rapid Open valve four, quick pressure releasing, to certain numerical value, keeps pressure relief opening pressure constant, make rock core upper and lower end face at certain pressure reduction condition seepage flow, measure pressure relief opening flow, when seepage discharge is stabilized in certain scope, according to seepage flow formula, ask for the apparent permeability at cement sheath interface.Another method of operating: upper surface is depressurized to certain numerical value, then passes through booster pump steady pressure to a certain numerical value, and pressure relief opening Pressure Drop to 0, asks for apparent permeability by flow measurement.The sealability that compares cement interface by the size of apparent permeability under the same terms.
The 3rd kind of situation: two interfaces of confined pressure Water Under mud ring sealing are seep effect
Method of operating: pressurizeing by confined pressure mouth, keep rock core side pressure constant, pressurizes separately in rock core upper surface, and pressure relief opening pressure is let out to 0, measures the seepage discharge of certain pressure reduction condition cement sheath, asks for apparent permeability equally by seepage flow formula.In confined pressure condition, on rock core, end pressure will could be tested and ooze effect lower than confined pressure certain numerical value.
4, the impact of simulation cement plane microgap on cement sheath sealability
In maintenance processes, when temperature enters constant temperature, by pressurizeing in two pairs of sleeve pipes of valve, when maintenance finishes, by pressure release pump, cover overpressure is discharged, manufacture microgap.
5, cement sheath loads and the impact on cement sheath sealing characteristics.
By rock core protective sleeve, to cement sheath uniform load, can make cement sheath inner formation crackle or cement plane damage and cause sealing reduction or entirely ineffective, under different loading environments, analyze the sealability of cement sheath.
6, the test of cement sheath sealing influence factor and analysis
(1) cake thickness: permeate to control by time, pressure and rock core;
(2) cement thickness: by casing replacing internal-and external diameter more, just determine 5 kinds of specification internal diameter 26 30 34 38 42mm, wall thickness 3mm, joins 5 kinds of pressing plates;
(3) cement slurry property: dehydration and compressive strength;
(4) fluid properties: oil (kerosene), gas, 3 kinds of fluids of water.For gas medium, need to there be air compressor and pressurizing vessel, or directly use constant voltage gas cylinder.Waterpower pressurization maintenance during maintenance, during sealability evaluation test, rock core side waterpower adds confined pressure, upper surface air pressure, lower surface pressure release to 0.
(5) variation of confined pressure size;
(6) curing temperature and pressure;
(7) rock core type and permeability.
7, device performance index
(1) pressure limit: 0-34Mpa;
(2) temperature controlling range: 20-150 ℃;
(3) temperature control precision: ± 1 ℃;
(4) high-tension measurement control system pressure departure: ± 0.5Mpa;
(5) booster pump, pressure release pump pressure departure: ± 0.5MPa;
(6) rock core end-face diameter is to static seal pressure reduction: be not less than 10.0Mpa;
(7) autoclave body pressure: 50MPa;
(8) casing size: internal diameter 26-42mm, wall thickness: 3mm.
Claims (6)
1. an Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device, it is characterized in that: comprise kettle, upper kettle cover, lower kettle cover, heating jacket, booster pump, pressure release pump and liquid measure and tolerance recorder, upper kettle cover is arranged on the top of kettle, lower kettle cover is arranged on the bottom of kettle, heating jacket is wrapped in the outside of kettle, in kettle, can place the circular cylindrical rock core of simulated formation, in rock core, insert sleeve pipe, in annular clearance between sleeve pipe and rock core, can form cement sheath, on kettle, be provided with the top pressure mouthful that is communicated with TOC, the base pressure mouth that is communicated with cement sheath bottom, interior mouth and the confined pressure mouth that is communicated with rock core outside of pressing that is communicated with inside pipe casing, a mouthful connecting pipeline one is pressed on top, on pipeline one, be provided with valve three and sensor two, base pressure mouth connecting pipeline two, end at pipeline two is provided with booster pump, on pipeline two, be provided with valve two, valve four, valve five, sensor one, sensor three and sensor four, in the end of pipeline one and sleeve pipe, press mouth to access respectively pipeline two, tie point is between valve two and valve four, confined pressure mouth connecting pipeline three, on pipeline three, be provided with valve one, the end access pipeline two of pipeline three, tie point is between valve two and booster pump, on pipeline three, also connect a branch line four, on branch line four, be provided with valve six, the tie point of branch line four and pipeline three is between confined pressure mouth and valve one, on pipeline two, also connect a branch line five, the tie point of branch line five and pipeline two is between valve four and valve five, the end of branch line five connects pressure release pump, pressure release pump is by pipeline connection traffic and tolerance recorder.
2. a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: on upper kettle cover, be provided with the thermocouple port being connected with thermocouple.
3. a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper end at rock core is provided with pressing plate.
4. a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: position inner at kettle and that be positioned at rock core bottom is provided with filter screen.
5. a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between kettle and upper kettle cover and between kettle and lower kettle cover, be provided with O-ring seal.
6. a kind of Oil/gas Well cement ring sealing characteristics simulating test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the end of described pipeline two is also connected with nitrogen cylinder.
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| CN104153760A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Oil-gas well cement sheath seal characteristic simulation test device and test method |
| CN105041284A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-11-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental device and method for integrity evaluation of oil and gas well fracturing working condition pitshaft |
| CN106285526A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulation Cementing rinses experimental provision and the experimental technique of mud cake |
| CN106555581A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacture device and its manufacture method of pit shaft |
| CN106771096A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of cementing concrete ring seal is every ability dynamic checkout unit and experimental technique |
| CN108019203A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Recognition methods is linked up in a kind of separate stratum fracfturing crack |
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| CN111307690A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 西南石油大学 | Packing performance testing device and method for annular cement ring of oil-gas well cylinder |
| CN113898312A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Numerical simulation method and system for annular oil-gas channeling of well cementation of deepwater high-temperature and high-pressure well and storage medium |
| CN114109362A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating performance of well cementation cement sheath with multiple cementing surfaces for oil and gas wells |
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- 2014-07-22 CN CN201420403872.8U patent/CN204024635U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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| CN104153760B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-08-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Oil/gas Well cement sheath sealing characteristics simulating test device and experimental technique |
| CN104153760A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Oil-gas well cement sheath seal characteristic simulation test device and test method |
| CN105041284A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-11-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental device and method for integrity evaluation of oil and gas well fracturing working condition pitshaft |
| CN105041284B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-04-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The experimental provision and method of well fracturing operating mode wellbore integrity evaluation |
| CN106555581B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2020-05-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Manufacturing device and manufacturing method of shaft |
| CN106555581A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacture device and its manufacture method of pit shaft |
| CN106285526A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulation Cementing rinses experimental provision and the experimental technique of mud cake |
| CN106285526B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-04-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulate experimental provision and experimental method that Cementing rinses mud cake |
| CN108019203A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Recognition methods is linked up in a kind of separate stratum fracfturing crack |
| CN106771096A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of cementing concrete ring seal is every ability dynamic checkout unit and experimental technique |
| CN108104716A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Simulate the device of tundra drilling well |
| CN108104716B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-05-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Simulate the device of tundra drilling well |
| CN111307690A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 西南石油大学 | Packing performance testing device and method for annular cement ring of oil-gas well cylinder |
| CN111307690B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2022-05-06 | 西南石油大学 | Packing performance testing device and method for annular cement ring of oil-gas well cylinder |
| CN114109362A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating performance of well cementation cement sheath with multiple cementing surfaces for oil and gas wells |
| CN113898312A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Numerical simulation method and system for annular oil-gas channeling of well cementation of deepwater high-temperature and high-pressure well and storage medium |
| CN113898312B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-05 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Numerical simulation method, system and storage medium for oil-gas channeling of well cementation annulus of deep water high-temperature high-pressure well |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20141217 Effective date of abandoning: 20160824 |
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| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |