CN104487666B - 排气净化装置 - Google Patents

排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN104487666B
CN104487666B CN201380039295.7A CN201380039295A CN104487666B CN 104487666 B CN104487666 B CN 104487666B CN 201380039295 A CN201380039295 A CN 201380039295A CN 104487666 B CN104487666 B CN 104487666B
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waste gas
jeting area
pipe
reducing agent
guiding elements
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CN104487666A (zh
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木村昌裕
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
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    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
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    • B01DSEPARATION
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Abstract

一种排气净化装置,用于对发动机的废气进行净化,具有:喷射装置,向废气流动的管内喷射还原剂;及引导构件,对在所述管内流动的所述废气进行引导,所述引导构件覆盖喷射所述还原剂的喷射区域的所述废气的上游侧而将所述废气向所述喷射区域的单侧侧方引导。

Description

排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对发动机的废气进行净化的排气净化装置。
背景技术
以往,作为用于对发动机的废气进行净化的排气净化装置,已知有例如专利文献1记载的技术。该专利文献1记载的排气净化装置在排出废气的排气管上形成鼓出部,并将喷射还原剂的喷射器安装于鼓出部。并且,该排气净化装置相对于鼓出部而在废气的上游侧设置管构件,并使该管构件向鼓出部突出。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-084700号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,在专利文献1记载的排气净化装置中,向在排气管中流动的废气直接喷射还原剂。因此,存在因废气的流动而还原剂附着于排气管的内壁面等从而无法充分进行还原剂的扩散的可能性。本发明的一方面鉴于上述实际情况而作出,课题在于提供一种能够充分地进行还原剂的扩散的排气净化装置。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明的一方案的排气净化装置是用于对发动机的废气进行净化的排气净化装置,具有:喷射装置,向废气流动的管内喷射还原剂;及引导构件,对在管内流动的废气进行引导,引导构件覆盖喷射还原剂的喷射区域的废气的上游侧而将废气向喷射区域的单侧侧方引导。
根据本发明的一方案的排气净化装置,从喷射装置喷射还原剂,由此能够使还原剂与在管内流动的废气混合。此时,引导构件覆盖喷射区域的废气的上游侧而将废气向喷射区域的单侧侧方引导,因此能抑制废气向还原剂的喷射区域直接进入的情况,并且能够产生将还原剂的喷射区域包围的回旋流。由此,能够抑制从喷射装置喷射的还原剂因废气的风压而附着于管的内壁面的情况,并能够使从喷射装置喷射的还原剂向废气扩散,因此能够充分进行还原剂的扩散。
这种情况下,可以是,引导构件具备:第一引导部,形成为使中心轴与喷射区域的中心轴相同的截面圆弧状;及第二引导部,从第一引导部向相对于喷射区域离开的方向延伸。
另外,可以是,引导构件形成有一个或多个贯通孔。当这样在引导构件形成贯通孔时,废气的大多数一边旋入喷射区域的周围一边流向下游侧,但是废气的一部分通过引导构件的贯通孔而流向下游侧。
另外,可以是,喷射装置向相对于管的轴线倾斜的方向喷射还原剂。
发明效果
根据本发明的一方案,能够充分进行还原剂的扩散。
附图说明
图1是表示实施方式的排气净化装置的概略结构的图。
图2是管的从斜上方观察到的透视立体图。
图3是管的从侧方观察到的透视侧视图。
图4是从图3的箭头IV观察管的透视主视图。
图5是从图3的箭头V观察管的透视主视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,详细说明本发明的一方面的优选的实施方式。需要说明的是,在以下的说明中,对于同一或相当要素标注同一标号,省略重复的说明。
图1是表示实施方式的排气净化装置的概略结构的图。如图1所示,本实施方式的排气净化装置10在例如卡车等车辆中对从柴油发动机等发动机排出的废气(以下,简称为“废气”)进行净化。该排气净化装置10搭载于废气所流通的排气流路1,具备DOC11、DPF12、喷射装置13及SCR14。
排气流路1至少由第一壳体2、管3及第二壳体4界定,它们从废气的上游侧向下游侧依次配置。
第一壳体2形成为大致圆筒状,在其内部收纳有DOC11及DPF12。第二壳体4形成为大致圆筒状,在其内部收纳有SCR14。
管3形成为大致圆筒状的构件分支成Y字状的形状,在该分支的部分安装有喷射装置13。
DOC11对废气中的未燃燃料部分进行氧化处理,配置在第一壳体2内的上游侧。
DPF12对通过了DOC11的废气中的颗粒(粒子状物质)进行捕集,在第一壳体2内配置在DOC11的下游侧。
喷射装置13对于刚通过DPF12之后的废气喷射而添加还原剂。在此的喷射装置13喷射尿素水作为还原剂,由此发生下式(1)所示的热分解反应及加水分解反应,生成氨。
(NH2)2CO→NH3+HNCO(热分解反应)
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2(加水分解反应)…(1)
SCR14利用添加的还原剂使废气中的NOx选择性地发生还原反应,对废气进行净化。在此的SCR14使用生成的氨而发生下式(2)所示的还原反应,选择性地对NOx进行还原净化。需要说明的是,在第二壳体4的后段设有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的氨减少催化剂(未图示)。
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O(标准)
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O(慢)…(2)
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O(快)
接着,使用图2~图5,详细说明上述的排气净化装置10的管3。图2是管的从斜上方观察到的透视立体图。图3是管的从侧方观察到的透视侧视图。图4是从图3的箭头IV观察管的透视主视图。图5是从图3的箭头V观察管的透视主视图。需要说明的是,为了简便起见,将图2的上侧(图4及图5的左侧)称为左侧,将图2的下侧(图4及图5的右侧)称为右侧。
如图2~图5所示,管3具备:与第一壳体2的下游侧和第二壳体4的上游侧连结的大致直线状的主体管部3a;从主体管部3a分支的大致直线状的分支管部3b。而且,在主体管部3a的中央部形成有大径化的鼓出部3c,分支管部3b从该鼓出部3c分支。需要说明的是,大径化的鼓出部3c的直径朝向废气的下游侧渐变且变为通常的主体管部3a的直径。
主体管部3a构成使从第一壳体2流来的废气向第二壳体4流动的排气流路。在此,将第一壳体2侧的主体管部3a的开口部称为上游侧开口部3d,将第二壳体4侧的主体管部3a的开口部称为下游侧开口部3e。
分支管部3b在鼓出部3c处与主体管部3a连接,以相对于主体管部3a倾斜的方式从鼓出部3c朝向下游侧开口部3e的相反侧延伸。分支管部3b的前端部由盖部3f封闭,在该盖部3f安装有喷射装置13。
喷射装置13以沿着分支管部3b的延伸方向喷射还原剂的方式安装于盖部3f。因此,喷射装置13向相对于主体管部3a的轴线倾斜的方向喷射还原剂。从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的喷射区域A形成为以喷射装置13为顶点而朝向主体管部3a扩展的大致圆锥形状。该喷射区域A例如能够基于从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的喷射角等而几何学地求出。需要说明的是,在本实施方式中,以使喷射区域A的最大外径小于分支管部3b的内径的方式调整喷射装置13的喷射角度。
并且,在管3的鼓出部3c安装有对在主体管部3a中流动的废气进行引导的引导构件20。
引导构件20是由薄板形成,将还原剂的喷射区域A中的废气的上游侧覆盖而将废气向喷射区域A的左侧侧方引导的构件。引导构件20的材质没有特别限制,但是从加工性、耐久性的观点出发,优选金属,其中,特别优选耐腐蚀性优异的SUS。
具体而言,引导构件20配置在鼓出部3c中的喷射区域A的废气的上游侧,将管3分隔成在废气的上游侧配置的上游侧空间部B1和在废气的下游侧配置的下游侧空间部B2。该引导构件20沿分支管部3b的延伸方向延伸,具备形成为沿分支管部3b的内周面的截面圆弧状的第一引导部21、及从第一引导部21的右侧端缘延伸至位于喷射区域A的右侧的鼓出部3c的内壁面的第二引导部22。
第一引导部21从分支管部3b延伸至鼓出部3c的内壁面。需要说明的是,如上所述,由于喷射区域A的最大外径小于分支管部3b的内径,因此通过将第一引导部21这样配置,而第一引导部21成为覆盖喷射区域A的外侧的形状。第一引导部21的左侧端缘从鼓出部3c的内壁面离开,形成为与分支管部3b的延伸方向平行的直线状。因此,在第一引导部21的左侧形成有将上游侧空间部B 1与下游侧空间部B2连通的通气口C。需要说明的是,由于鼓出部3c被大径化,因此在第一引导部21与鼓出部3c的内壁之间形成的通气口C成为较大的空间。
在分支管部3b的延伸方向上,第二引导部22的端缘与鼓出部3c的内壁面抵接。因此,向上游侧空间部B1流来的废气无法从第二引导部22的右侧向下游侧空间部B2流出。需要说明的是,第二引导部22的形状没有特别限定,可以形成为平板状、曲板状。而且,从将废气朝向通气口C顺畅引导的观点出发,第二引导部22优选随着向左侧行进(随着接近第一引导部21)而向废气的下游侧倾斜。
在这样构成的引导构件20上形成有多个贯通孔23。贯通孔23是用于使废气的一部分从上游侧空间部B1向下游侧空间部B2通过的孔。贯通孔23例如可以通过对引导构件20实施冲孔加工来形成。贯通孔23的个数、大小、位置等没有特别限制,可以适当设定。
需要说明的是,引导构件20也可以安装于主体管部3a、分支管部3b、鼓出部3c中的任一个。
在以上那样构成的排气净化装置10中,如图1所示,首先,在第一壳体2内,来自发动机的废气由DOC11进行了氧化处理之后,废气中的颗粒由DPF12捕集。
通过了DPF12的废气流入管3。在管3内,如图2~图5所示,首先,废气从上游侧开口部3d向上游侧空间部B1流入。于是,废气的一部分通过形成于引导构件20的贯通孔23而从上游侧空间部B1向下游侧空间部B2流动,但大部分的废气由引导构件20在喷射区域A的废气的上游侧向喷射区域A的左侧侧方引导,从通气口C向下游侧空间部B2流动。此时,引导构件20覆盖喷射区域A的废气的上游侧,并且通气口C仅形成在喷射区域A的左侧,因此废气通过通气口C,由此在喷射装置13的喷射方向观察下顺时针回旋。
当这样废气一边回旋一边向下游侧空间部B2流入时,在下游侧空间部B2内,会产生废气的回旋流。并且,向废气的回旋流中扩散添加从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂,通过热分解反应及加水分解反应而生成氨。
然后,含有氨的废气如图1所示向第二壳体4流入,废气中的NOx由SCR14选择性地还原而净化。而后,向后段的氨减少催化剂供给。
以上,根据本实施方式,通过从喷射装置13喷射还原剂,能够使还原剂与在管3中流动的废气混合。此时,引导构件20覆盖喷射区域A的废气的上游侧而将废气向喷射区域A的左侧侧方引导,因此能抑制废气直接进入还原剂的喷射区域A的情况,并能够产生将还原剂的喷射区域A包围那样的回旋流。由此,能抑制从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂因废气的风压而附着于管3的内壁面的情况,并能够使从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂向废气扩散,因此能够充分进行还原剂的扩散。
另外,当在引导构件20形成贯通孔23时,废气的大多数一边旋入喷射区域A的周围,一边流向下游侧,但是废气的一部分通过引导构件20的贯通孔23向下游侧流动。因此,通过改变形成于引导构件20的贯通孔23的个数、大小、位置等,能够调整废气的流动,因此能够使废气产生良好的回旋流,并能够进行该回旋速度的调整。而且,能够减少废气的压损,因此能够实现良好的排气管。
另外,通过向相对于管3的轴线倾斜的方向喷射还原剂,而能够延长从喷射装置13到管3的内壁面的距离,因此能够抑制还原剂附着于管3的内壁面的情况,并能够使其向废气扩散。
以上,说明了本发明的一方面的优选的实施方式,但是本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,在不变更各权利要求记载的主旨的范围内可以变形或适用于其他的结构。
在上述实施方式中,确定了引导构件的具体的配置、形状,但是引导构件只要能够覆盖喷射还原剂的喷射区域的废气的上游侧而将所述废气向喷射区域的单侧侧方引导即可,引导构件的配置、形状没有特别限制。
例如,上述实施方式的第一引导部21设为沿着分支管部3b的内周面的截面圆弧状,在分支管部3b的延伸方向上形成为同一截面,由此覆盖喷射区域A的废气的上游侧。也可以将其形成为中心轴与喷射区域A的中心轴相同的截面圆弧状,而且,也可以形成为与圆锥状的喷射区域A的外形对应的截面圆弧状。在将第一引导部形成为与圆锥状的喷射区域A的外形对应的截面圆弧状的情况下,成为随着朝向从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的上游侧而小径化,随着朝向从喷射装置13喷射的还原剂的下游侧而大径化的形状。这种情况下,为了避免引导构件进入喷射区域A,第二引导部成为从第一引导部向相对于喷射区域A离开的方向延伸的形状。若这样形成引导构件,则能够使废气的回旋流沿着喷射区域A,因此能够进一步促进还原剂的扩散。
另外,在上述实施方式中,说明了在引导构件形成贯通孔的情况,但也可以不必在引导构件上形成贯通孔。
另外,在上述实施方式中,例示了卡车作为车辆,但也可以是例如公共汽车、拖拉机或其他的车辆。需要说明的是,在上述中,“大致”的词语表示允许制造上或设计上的误差。
标号说明
1…排气流路,2…第一壳体,3…管,3a…主体管部,3b…分支管部,3c…鼓出部,3d…上游侧开口部,3e…下游侧开口部,3f…盖部,4…第二壳体,10…排气净化装置,13…喷射装置,20…引导构件,21…第一引导部,22…第二引导部,23…贯通孔,A…喷射区域,B1…上游侧空间部,B2…下游侧空间部,C…通气口。

Claims (3)

1.一种排气净化装置,用于对发动机的废气进行净化,具有:
管,所述废气流动于所述管;
喷射装置,向所述管内喷射还原剂;及
引导构件,对在所述管内流动的所述废气进行引导,
所述管具备:
主体管部,作为所述废气的排气路径;及
分支管部,从所述主体管部分支并相对于所述主体管部倾斜,
所述喷射装置沿着所述分支管部的延伸方向喷射所述还原剂,并且在所述主体管部内形成喷射所述还原剂的喷射区域,
所述引导构件覆盖所述喷射区域的所述废气的上游侧而将所述废气向所述喷射区域的单侧侧方引导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气净化装置,其中,
所述引导构件具备:
第一引导部,形成为使中心轴与所述喷射区域的中心轴相同的截面圆弧状;及
第二引导部,从所述第一引导部向相对于所述喷射区域离开的方向延伸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气净化装置,其中,
所述引导构件形成有一个或多个贯通孔。
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