CN104480920A - Method for preventing and treating regional farmland non-point source pollution through farmland ditch and pond system - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating regional farmland non-point source pollution through farmland ditch and pond system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104480920A CN104480920A CN201410794856.0A CN201410794856A CN104480920A CN 104480920 A CN104480920 A CN 104480920A CN 201410794856 A CN201410794856 A CN 201410794856A CN 104480920 A CN104480920 A CN 104480920A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating regional farmland non-point source pollution through a farmland ditch and pond system. According to the method for preventing and treating the regional farmland non-point source pollution through the farmland ditch and pond system, an ecological pond is added to a farmland irrigation and drainage ditch based on arrangement and improvement of the farmland irrigation and drainage ditch according to a farmland surface runoff confluence track, the water flow speed of the farmland ditch is rapidly slowed down, the buffering capacity of a farmland system against water is reinforced, the cycle efficiency of farmland interior water sources and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is improved, the farmland non-point source sewage discharge is reduced, farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant discharge is effectively cut down, and the method plays a greater role in protecting regional water environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture environmental protection technical field, particularly a kind of method utilizing the regional agricultural non-point pollution of the ditch pool, farmland systemic control.
Background technology
Agricultural non-point pollution refers in Agricultural Activities, nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient in rainfall or irrigation process, the pollution of area source entering water body by agricultural surface runoff, interflow and leaching and formed.Research shows that the loss of nitrogen phosphorus in farmland mainly enters (the Ma Lishan receiving water body by surface flow, the water system widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of Taihu Lake, people southern Jiangsu and control way [J] ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiaes thereof such as Wang Zu Qiang, 17 (1): 39 ~ 47).In recent years, along with the continuous increase of fertilizer amount in farmland ecosystem, the number of dropouts of the nitrogen and phosphorus content in agricultural land soil and farmland nitrogen phosphorus is not also in continuous increase, great risk (Yang Linzhang is brought to environmental management, Sun Bo farmland ecosystem nutrient transfer transforms the research [J] with optimum management, Advances in Earth Science, 17 (3)): 147 ~ 153), agricultural non-point pollution load increases in increasing with flow path surface, in general river course, lake water quality shows as and is inferior to non-flood period (Chen Hesheng flood season, Taihu Lake ecological remediation and treatment engineering [J], Yangtze river basin resource and environment, 2001, 10 (2): 173 ~ 178).In farmland, row irrigation irrigation canals and ditches play an important role in agricultural production, and wherein draining and water delivery are the heaviest important functions.Irrigation and drainage network is constituted by the irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches that numerous width is not of uniform size in farmland sysrem, and these irrigation and drainage networks played in farmland moisture " adjuster " and and rivers and lakes between " Communicating device " of current, when rainy season, water consumpation was more, farmland ditch can as " remittance " of agricultural drain, in the season of drought, the moisture retained in irrigation canals and ditches can be used for supplementary Farmland Water and wane, become " source " (Lu Haiming of field irrigation water, the environmental effect of people's agriculture drainage ditchs such as Sun Jinhua and ecological functions are summarized [J] hydroscience and are in progress, 2010, 21 (5): 719 ~ 725).
Along with agriculture industrialization production intensification is more and more higher, construction of water conservancy works is more and more perfect, farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches are integrated, standardization level is also more and more higher, although improve the irrigation and drainage ability of farmland ditch, but irrigation canals and ditches storage of water ability serious loss, agricultural run-off flows directly into region water body fast, smoothly.Although the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of agricultural run-off is low compared with other concentration of wastewater, is also sewage for locality protection water body, receives the concern of expert, scholars in recent years.Research in recent years mainly concentrates on farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches and carries out ecological reconstruction, tail water purification aspect, farmland, on the one hand in the inner planting aquatic plants of farmland ditch, the ecological diversity of strengthening irrigation canals and ditches and plant are to the interception of nitrogen phosphorus and absorptive capacity, reduce runoff velocity (contrast [J] of the artificial swamp such as Deng Furong, Liu Dongsheng and soil sanitation groove process domestic sewage in rural areas by using, Environmental Chemistry, 2013,32 (2) 232 ~ 239); Add on the other hand the porous media proprietary material of the attached phosphorus of some denitrogenations on this basis and increased the time of staying (Shi Weiming of runoff by multistage reflux type, " 4R " theory that the Rural Plane Source Pollutions such as Xue Lihong are administered and engineering time-ecological intercepting technology [J] ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,32 (9) 1697-1704) etc.The overall water balance (storage) etc. that these existing methods lack domain type, globality considers farmland sysrem.Study a kind of method utilizing agricultural ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non-point pollution, the method can not only utilize farmland ditch plant to tackle adsorption of nitrogen phosphorus, the moisture storage capability of farmland sysrem can also be increased, retain farmland high concentration tail water, the cyclic utilization rate of strengthening agricultural run-off, activate " adjuster " effect in farmland sysrem of the agricultural ecological ditch pool, the water environmental problems realizing effectively solving agricultural non-point pollution is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non-point pollution, the method is fully being understood on the basis of agricultural run-off generation, period of right time, runoff track, construction the ecology pond systems on the one hand by suiting measures to local conditions at farmland ditch charge for remittance Nodes, realize maximizing the storage capability of source, face, farmland sewage, especially source, face, high concentration farmland sewage retains storage, controls agricultural non-point pollution from the water yield; On the other hand in the transformation that the irrigation canals and ditches connected between the pool are suited measures to local conditions, optimize and build the ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, the obstruction ability of strengthening irrigation canals and ditches inside and evolvability, cut down vegetation coverage from concentration aspect.Thus recycle ability (nitrogen phosphorus recycles) at raising agricultural run-off, thus realize agricultural non-point pollution integrated control.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Utilize a method for ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non-point pollution, concrete steps are as follows:
1) determine Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, described planting system refers to rice field-upland field rotation, drought ring is done and water is done, and farmland institute long-term cropping is formed;
2) determine farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off confluxes footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes; The node that wherein confluxes refers to that local, farmland runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal; Catchment area refers to the runoff yield farmland area entering the node that confluxes;
3) by the farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, and deposit the contaminated water flow thing imported according to the pools at different levels system, pool volume size is according to the amount of confluxing of catchment area, and runoff coefficient and amount of precipitation are determined; The runoff in farmland refers to that unit area farmland is at the runoff of irrigating or rainfall or soaked field are formed; Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient × irrigation volume/amount of precipitation (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refers to the run-off in unit area farmland and the ratio of rainfall or irrigation volume.
Further, described step 2) in the node that confluxes be positioned at trunk canal, on secondary trunk canal and three grades of trunk canals.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The inventive method is fully being understood on the basis of agricultural run-off generation, period of right time, runoff track, construction the ecology pond systems on the one hand by suiting measures to local conditions at farmland ditch charge for remittance Nodes, realize maximizing the storage capability of source, face, farmland sewage, especially source, face, high concentration farmland sewage retains storage, controls agricultural non-point pollution from the water yield; On the other hand in the transformation that the irrigation canals and ditches connected between the pool are suited measures to local conditions, optimize and build the ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, the obstruction ability of strengthening irrigation canals and ditches inside and detergent power, cut down vegetation coverage from concentration aspect.Thus recycle ability (nitrogen phosphorus recycles) at raising agricultural run-off, thus realize agricultural non-point pollution integrated control.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 ditch pool of the present invention system schematic.
In Fig. 1: 1,2,3,4 represent ecological pool system; 5,6 represent the irrigation canals and ditches between ecological canal-ecological pond; A represents main drainage channel in farmland sysrem; B represents an escape canal in farmland sysrem; C represents lateral sulcus in farmland sysrem; D represents surface flow water flow direction in irrigation canals and ditches.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method utilizing ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non-point pollution, concrete steps are as follows:
1) determine Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, described planting system refers to rice field-upland field rotation, drought ring is done and water is done, and farmland institute long-term cropping is formed;
2) determine farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off confluxes footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes; The node that wherein confluxes refers to that local, farmland runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal; Catchment area refers to the runoff yield farmland area entering the node that confluxes;
3) by the farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, and deposit the contaminated water flow thing imported according to the pools at different levels system, pool volume size is according to the amount of confluxing of catchment area, and runoff coefficient and amount of precipitation are determined; The runoff in farmland refers to that unit area farmland is at the runoff of irrigating or rainfall or soaked field are formed; Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient × irrigation volume/amount of precipitation (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refers to the run-off in unit area farmland and the ratio of rainfall or irrigation volume.
Further, described step 2) in the node that confluxes be positioned at trunk canal, on secondary trunk canal and three grades of trunk canals.
Embodiment 1: on the Feng Yuzhen of Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, temple utilizes the ditch pool, farmland system to copy regional agricultural non-point pollution engineering
On the Feng Yuzhen of Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, natural village, temple is positioned at phoenix plumage river valley western part, and 5.50 kilometers, distance Feng Yu town, height above sea level 2210m, average temperature of the whole year 13.70 DEG C, annual precipitation 745.00mm, long-term cropping has paddy rice, rape, garlic, corn and flue-cured tobacco etc.Per capita net income for farmers 2933.00 yuan.Farmland area about 4000 mu, forest land 27669 mu, agricultural drain amount is about 120 ten thousand steres, nitrogen and phosphorus load row is high-volume about 4 ~ 4.8t and 0.2 ~ 0.24t at year, wherein floods and droughts hand over the excessive phase (comprise nonirrigated farmland to paddy field excessive phase and paddy field to nonirrigated farmland the excessive phase) outer last person's water concentration is the highest, be 10 ~ 20 times of other periods, discharge load is more than 70% of annual discharge value.Having of these pollutants is sudden, short-time characteristic and randomness, and difficulty of governance is very big.Ecological ditch pool system demonstration project is built in farmland, Feng Yuzhen Shang Si village, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, Ji Shangsi village is by building the system engineering improved and utilize agricultural ecological ditch pool system realm agricultural non-point pollution, construction the ecology pond systems on the one hand by suiting measures to local conditions at farmland ditch charge for remittance Nodes, realize the maximization to the storage capability of source, face, farmland sewage, especially source, face, high concentration farmland sewage retains storage, controls agricultural non-point pollution from the water yield; On the other hand in the transformation that the irrigation canals and ditches connected between the pool are suited measures to local conditions, optimize and build the ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, the obstruction ability of strengthening irrigation canals and ditches inside and evolvability, cut down vegetation coverage from concentration aspect.Thus realizing minimum economic input, the maximum utilization of maximum treatment efficiency and nitrogen P elements, reaches the object of water environment protection.
Table 1 farmland section draining water quality condition
| Interface | Total nitrogen | Solubility total nitrogen | Total phosphorus | Solubility total phosphorus |
| The floods and droughts excessive phase | 13.5 | 5.33 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
| Other periods | 2.3 | 1.75 | 0.5 | 0.01 |
| Average agricultural drain | 7.9 | 3.54 | 1.2 | 0.03 |
Table 1 is depicted as farmland section draining water quality condition:
This demonstration project ability is: sewage year process Utilization ability 90 ten thousand stere, wherein retains and utilize source, face, high concentration farmland sewage 8 ten thousand stere.Particular content comprises that to optimize farmland inner ten thousand metres ecological canal perfect, builds ecological pond 20, dischargeable capacity 6 ten thousand stere.Total investment of engineering is 39.6 ten thousand yuan.
Change after demonstration project builds up, can 90000m be processed every year
3tian Mian source, rural area sewage, reduces 2t nitrogen pollutant and 0.1t phosphor contaminant enters Feng Yuhe.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (2)
1. utilize a method for the regional agricultural non-point pollution of the ditch pool, farmland systemic control, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
1) determine Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, described planting system refers to rice field-upland field rotation, drought ring is done and water is done, and farmland institute long-term cropping is formed;
2) determine farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off confluxes footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes; The node that wherein confluxes refers to that local, farmland runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal; Catchment area refers to the runoff yield farmland area entering the node that confluxes;
3) by the farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, and deposit the contaminated water flow thing imported according to the pools at different levels system, pool volume size is according to the amount of confluxing of catchment area, and runoff coefficient and amount of precipitation are determined; The runoff in farmland refers to that unit area farmland is at the runoff of irrigating or rainfall or soaked field are formed; Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient × irrigation volume/amount of precipitation (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refers to the run-off in unit area farmland and the ratio of rainfall or irrigation volume.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in the node that confluxes be positioned at trunk canal, on secondary trunk canal and three grades of trunk canals.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105236501A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for preventing and treating plain river network area farmland non-point source pollution through channel and pond system |
| CN105421566A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江大学 | Joint control absorption device and method for rice field pollutants |
| CN105585130A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-18 | 河海大学 | Drainage control-purification compound system for paddy-upland rotation farmland and implementation method |
| CN105668797A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for optimally abating initial runoff pollution by aid of paddy field |
| CN105684837A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-22 | 浙江大学 | Rice field pollutant output control system and method based on AWD irrigation technology |
| CN106065654A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-02 | 信开水环境投资有限公司 | A kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area reduction and the association system of treated waste water for irrigation in agriculture |
| CN109673408A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-26 | 云南大学 | A kind of method of mountainous region or the solid soil control erosion of sloping upland plant networkization |
| CN109879437A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-14 | 上谷环境科技有限公司 | Regulate and store purification system and the method utilized for pollution of area source control and runoff |
| CN109912040A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-21 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The ecology pond systems of preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution |
| CN110042810A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 云南大学 | A kind of sloping upland runoff pollution retains system |
| WO2021091403A1 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-14 | Biminchumo Sagastegui Enrique Martin Guillermo | Method for mitigating the destructive level of flows of detritus, using a drainage system with a spatial distribution similar to the veins of leaves, and with filter walls as energy reducers |
| CN114477618A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-05-13 | 河海大学 | Irrigation water cyclic utilization system of coupling farmland water storage wetland |
| CN115304164A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Ecological restoration method for comprehensively treating farmland non-point source pollution |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105236501A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for preventing and treating plain river network area farmland non-point source pollution through channel and pond system |
| CN105421566A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江大学 | Joint control absorption device and method for rice field pollutants |
| CN105684837A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-22 | 浙江大学 | Rice field pollutant output control system and method based on AWD irrigation technology |
| CN105668797A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for optimally abating initial runoff pollution by aid of paddy field |
| CN105585130B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-12-26 | 河海大学 | The draining control purification hybrid system and implementation in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation farmland |
| CN105585130A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-18 | 河海大学 | Drainage control-purification compound system for paddy-upland rotation farmland and implementation method |
| CN106065654A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-02 | 信开水环境投资有限公司 | A kind of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area reduction and the association system of treated waste water for irrigation in agriculture |
| CN106065654B (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-03-08 | 信开水环境投资有限公司 | A kind of association system of agricultural non-point source pollution reduction and treated waste water for irrigation in agriculture |
| CN109673408A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-26 | 云南大学 | A kind of method of mountainous region or the solid soil control erosion of sloping upland plant networkization |
| CN109879437A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-14 | 上谷环境科技有限公司 | Regulate and store purification system and the method utilized for pollution of area source control and runoff |
| CN109912040A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-21 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The ecology pond systems of preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution |
| CN110042810A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 云南大学 | A kind of sloping upland runoff pollution retains system |
| WO2021091403A1 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-14 | Biminchumo Sagastegui Enrique Martin Guillermo | Method for mitigating the destructive level of flows of detritus, using a drainage system with a spatial distribution similar to the veins of leaves, and with filter walls as energy reducers |
| CN114477618A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-05-13 | 河海大学 | Irrigation water cyclic utilization system of coupling farmland water storage wetland |
| CN115304164A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Ecological restoration method for comprehensively treating farmland non-point source pollution |
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