CN100464028C - Ecological permeable dam, and its design and construction method - Google Patents
Ecological permeable dam, and its design and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological filter dam and the design and construction methods thereof. And it is located in a non-flood carrying riverway, and its section is in a ladderlike double structure and the side-slope coefficient of its slope is 1/1-1/2.5, and it comprises four parts of: (A) control layer; (B) transition layer; (C) overflowing layer; and (D) steady layer. And its design flow: firstly surveying landform conditions of damming address and inquiring hydrometeorological data or other design data and obtaining the geometric parameters and design flow, substituting these parameters into the dupine formula in the seepage mechanics and calculating reasonable seepage coefficient and stay time, then making further design and selecting proper graded gravels, damming materials and plants. And it has the following remarkable advantages of: operating without power, reducing construction cost, having very good pertinency, able to obtain COD removal rate of about 10%, TN removal rate of 10%-20%, and TP removal rate of 20-40%.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pollution of area source control technology that is used for area, the network of waterways, rural area, a kind of ecological permeable dam of more specifically saying so.
Two, background technology
In recent years, along with China's rapid development of economy, living standards of the people progressively improve, and the water body of rural area is faced with the threat of more and more serious pollution of area source, for example Taihu Lake basin, basin, Chaohu and Dianchi Lake Basin.Pollution of area source generally is made up of agriculture surface flow and domestic sewage in rural areas by using, comprises the loss of nutritive salt such as farmland nitrogen phosphorus, the random stacking of life in the countryside rubbish, feces of livestock and poultry, sanitary sewage, breeding wastewater and discharging etc.The discharging of these pollution of area source does not have rule to follow substantially, generally be difficult to prediction and collect, most of unprocessed and directly enter local water body, thus influenced water quality greatly, caused the frequent generation of " wawter bloom " phenomenon, also remote-effects the water quality of local drinking water source.
For control of rural area pollution of area source and improvement, carried out a lot of research work both at home and abroad.The improvement thinking generally is the theory in line with comprehensive improvement, strengthens pollution of area source source management (agriculture emission-reduction technology, sanitary sewage and garbage collection system etc.), adopts the face source control technology of suiting measures to local conditions, and carries out fruitful pollution of area source control and improvement.The pollution of area source control technology that often adopts has artificial swamp, artificial floating bed, stabilization pond etc. at present.The cardinal principle of these technology be by plantation plant and microorganisms or utilize the self-purification capacity of water body to absorb and the pollution of area source of degrading in nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorus.A common pollution of area source control system is made up of plural single technology, brings into play different effects, is characterized in reduced investment, and applied widely, management difficulty is low, has certain clean-up effect.
But for the plain river network area, its lineament is that the network of waterways is intensive, and hydraulic slope is little, sluggish flow under the natural conditions, and this area's pollution of area source has characteristics such as space-time inhomogeneities and seriousness simultaneously.When using above-mentioned pollution of area source control technology, can have some problems: 1. the purification efficiency of plant or microbial cleaning system is relatively low, and under the situation of the nutriment of removing same amount, its floor space is big; 2. owing to the erratic behavior of pollution of area source generation, these cleaning systems often all need specific gathering system and power-lift could guarantee the operation of system, have increased cost of investment, have also caused the capacity of resisting impact load of system relatively low simultaneously.
The infiltration dam is a kind of of earth and rockfill dam in the hydraulic engineering, and it is to utilize natural earth material (gravel, rubble, sandstone, cobble, sand etc.) as construction material, by the earth and rockfill dam that artificial heap is built or cal rolling forms.The infiltration dam runoff that main application is small-sized river or reservoir in hydraulic engineering is retained.The construction on infiltration dam can be gathered materials on the spot, construction cost is cheap, but its transmission coefficient generally is far longer than reinforced concrete dam.As the infiltration dam of hydraulic engineering, under the bigger situation of dam body seepage flow, the piping phenomenon appears easily, cause the instability of dam body.So the research for the infiltration dam mainly was seepage control measure and analysis of seepage flow stability in the past, its seepage calculation is common in the relevant teaching material of permeation fluid mechanics and soil mechanics.
Disclose a kind of ecological permeable dam (ecological permeable dam strengthened purification subsystem) among the patent CN200410066164.0 (plain river network area surface source pollution reinforced depuration prepositive library system): ruckle is built and is formed the gravel bed as dam body, permeable dike dam body road direction width along the river is 1～15 meter, utilize gravel to construct ecological permeable dam, permeable dike is crossed water in the seepage flow mode, before making the dam, the reservoir area keeps certain water-head behind the dam, at this moment solve the problem that the runoff gathering of the plains region of knowing clearly is gone into the reservoir area.The gravel berth is behind ecological permeable dam, and N, P and organic pollution are efficiently removed in the microorganism acting in conjunction around plant, gravel hole and the root system of plant of the plantation of gravel bed.Wherein the concrete structure of ecological permeable dam is not described, and just ruckle is built and formed the gravel bed as dam body, and the part that it constitutes prepositive library system acts synergistically with other parts.The pertinent literature retrieval shows there is not the document of the ecological permeable dam of discovery and similar structures of the present invention and relevant design job practices in present patent application a few days ago.
Three, summary of the invention
1, the technical problem that will solve
Intensive at the network of waterways, rural area plain river network area, the lineament that hydraulic slope is little, and the space-time inhomogeneities of this area's pollution of area source, the river course, pond, the irrigation canals and ditches that how effectively to utilize the rural area to put aside as useless make up the pollution of area source control system.The invention provides a kind of ecological permeable dam, can bear the impact load of rural area pollution of area source water quality, the water yield, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is had certain treatment effect.
2, technical scheme
Basic principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention develops on the basis of artificial swamp, rapid infiltration system, diafiltration dam technology, use gravel or the rubble artificial body of building a dam of building in the river course, utilize the volume in preceding river course, dam to store the runoff of one or many rainfall or the pollution of area source of intermittent discharging, seepage characteristic by the infiltration dam, retain pollution of area source, regulate the inflow-rate of water turbine of dam body.And, utilize the acting in conjunction of root system of plant and microorganism by planting plant on the dam body and in dam body, cultivating the high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization flora, absorb and also decompose in the runoff and the nutriment that is adsorbed on the gravel surface.By said process, permeable dike has reached controlled purpose of design of retaining pollution of area source and certain clean-up effect.
The design of ecological permeable dam comprises hydraulic characteristic(s) and clean-up effect two parts.Different with the simple antiseepage in diafiltration dam in the hydraulic engineering is that the seepage flow of ecological permeable dam is controlled seepage flow, is the hydraulic characteristic(s) that seepage flow need be controlled within the scope that needs.Clean-up effect is meant according to handling Properties of Objects, selects different building a dam (bed) material, the time of staying, dam body (bed body) structure and plant.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of ecological permeable dam is positioned at non-flood passage river course, and its section is trapezoidal duplex (see figure 1), and the slope coefficient of dam slope is 1:1～1:2.5, comprises following four parts:
(A) key-course is positioned at the dam slope that meets water of ecological permeable dam, is made of the dam material of 1mm～5mm, and its volume is 5%～15% of a whole permeable dike;
(B) transition zone is positioned at ecological permeable dam inside, is made of the dam material of 5mm～10mm, and its volume is 50%～65% of a whole permeable dike;
(C) overflow layer is positioned at the dam crest of ecological permeable dam, is made of the dam material of 10mm～40mm, accounts for 10%～15% of ecological permeable dam volume;
(D) stabilized zone is positioned at the backwater dam slope of ecological permeable dam, is made of the dam material of 20mm～40mm, accounts for 20%～30% of ecological permeable dam volume.
The effect of key-course is that the transmission coefficient of control ecological permeable dam reaches designing requirement.The effect of this layer of transition zone also is the control transmission coefficient, also is the zone of plant root growth and microbial adhesion simultaneously, is the main region that the nitration denitrification effect takes place, and has brought into play the main catharsis of ecological permeable dam.The effect of overflow layer is when preventing that pollution of area source water yield impact load is excessive, pollution of area source can be from then in the layer overflow and dam body is not had a negative impact by ecological permeable dam, overflow layer plantation plant prevents tanning by the sun of sunlight.The effect of stabilized zone is the seepage stability that guarantees dam body, prevents that the dam material than small particle diameter flows out with seepage flow in key-course and the transition zone.
The key-course volume can be 5%～10% of whole permeable dike.Plant can be planted in key-course, overflow layer and stabilized zone surface, and plant selects for use root system to secrete that the oxygen ability is strong, the kind of good denitrogenation and dephosphorization effect.Effect is preferably arranged when adopting canna, cattail, calamus, reed or vetiver.
The design of ecological permeable dam comprises contents such as flow model in porous media foundation, design discharge selection, orographic condition and addressing, time of staying selection, transmission coefficient selection, material and structure, seepage calculation, foliage filter screening, layout.Orographic condition and inquiry hydrometeorological data or other design data of its design cycle at first surveying the address of building a dam, obtain the geometric parameter and the design discharge of ecological permeable dam, to carry out tentative calculation in the Du Ping formula in the above-mentioned parameter substitution permeation fluid mechanics, obtain the rational transmission coefficient and the time of staying, carry out ecological permeable dam then and further design, select suitable gravel grating, dam material, plantation plant.Design flow diagram is seen Fig. 2.
Design and implementation method that ecological permeable dam is concrete are as follows:
At first, bring face source design formulas into, the design discharge of estimation pollution of area source according to the local hydrology, meteorological data and topography and geomorphology data.
Exploration is on-the-spot then, the river course of building a dam can not be flood passage river course on the water conservancy, the river course degree of depth is 1.5m～3.5m, river width is 5m～30m, the river course base slope of address of building a dam is mild, less than 0.05, the river course side slope is greater than 2, and the volume of channel length or ditch Tang will be large enough to hold the design discharge of pollution of area source before the address of building a dam.By measurement the build a dam degree of depth, width, base slope and the side slope in river course, the physical dimension and the structure of estimation ecological permeable dam.
After the physical dimension of acquisition ecological permeable dam and the scope of design discharge, will carry out tentative calculation in the trapezoidal seepage calculation model of its substitution ecological permeable dam.Trapezoidal seepage calculation model schematic diagram is seen Fig. 3.
Among Fig. 3: the permeable dike cross section is trapezoidal, and the upstream and downstream dam facing is the inclined-plane, and the upstream and downstream slope coefficient is respectively m
1, m
2The river bed is an argillic horizon, and transmission coefficient is (10
-2～10
-6) cms
-1, for permeable dike, be considered as impervious foundation.The homogeneous gravel, steady seepage.
Trapezoid model seepage flow can be divided into three seepage flow zones and consider.ABC is a Upstream section among the figure, and BCED is an interlude, and DEF is a tract.
Upstream section can be that Δ L equivalent rectangular A ' B ' BC replaces with length in the diagram:
(1)
Interlude BCED has according to Du Ping formula in the permeation fluid mechanics:
(2)
Tract DEF comprises the seepage flow that pastes a slope stream and a Delta Region, can estimate with method of substitution, can get:
(3)
Because the BCED zone equates with the seepage discharge in DEF zone,,, find the solution h in conjunction with iterative method so can pass through simultaneous formula (2), (3)
0
In the formula: q---discharge per unit width, m
2D
-1
m
1, m
2---slope coefficient before the dam, behind the dam, dimensionless;
K---transmission coefficient, md
-1
H
1---the depth of water before the dam, m;
H
2---the depth of water behind the dam, m.
The osmotic coefficient k of considering dam material is 0.01md
-1～1.0md
-1, and the time of staying of runoff in dam body be 1.0hr～4.0hr.Parameters such as selected physical dimension, design discharge, transmission coefficient, the time of staying are brought in the trapezoidal seepage calculation model, carry out tentative calculation, obtain the design parameters of ecological permeable dam.
According to the transmission coefficient of selected design transmission coefficient, known various different size dam materials and the series hybrid transmission coefficient design formulas in the permeation fluid mechanics, obtain the grating (consider the seepage stability of dam body, the particle diameter of dam material should not less than 5mm) of ecological permeable dam dam material.
After the design process of ecological permeable dam is finished, carry out work progress.At first selected river course or pond are carried out desilting arrangement (cofferdam construction), the river bed compacting is smooth, piles and builds according to the design parameters (physical dimension, gravel grating) of ecological permeable dam then, and the slope coefficient of trapezium structure dam slope is 1:1～1:2.5.Dam body materials heap discharges water in the cofferdam to certain altitude after building and finishing, and begins to plant selected plant, treat plant survival after, remove the cofferdam and put into operation.
After ecological permeable dam put into operation, pollution of area source imported the preceding river course, dam or the ditch pool by gathering system.When the remittance amount polluted of source surpassed the seepage flow flow of ecological permeable dam face to face, the water level the dam before will lifting, and was equal up to both.Pollute when stopping to import in the source face to face, and upstream water level descends gradually along with the seepage flow of ecological permeable dam.By controlled seepage flow, the water level that ecological permeable dam can the lifting pollution of area source for the subsequent treatment unit provides the power of gravity flow, also can utilize river course volume between the highest lowest water level to bear water quality, the water yield impact load of pollution of area source.
3, beneficial effect
Technical scheme disclosed by the invention has following significant advantage: the rising height that 1. can obtain 0.3m～1.5m, for follow-up processing unit provides considerable from mobilization force, make whole pollution of area source control system unpoweredly to move, saved running cost.2. can make full use of river course, pond, the irrigation canals and ditches put aside as useless the rural area and make up the pollution of area source control system, greatly reduce construction cost.3. the space-time inhomogeneities for widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area has good specific aim, has reduced management difficulty, helps the popularization of pollution of area source control technology.4. cultivate plants or the ecological permeable dam of microflora has tangible clean-up effect, can obtain the COD clearance about 10%, 10%～20% TN clearance, 20%～40% TP clearance.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a design flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is trapezoidal seepage calculation model schematic diagram.
Five, the specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention by the following examples
Embodiment
Rural area, Taihu Lake basin somewhere is positioned at the west bank, Taihu Lake, is the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of control and processing this area, has built to comprise pollution of area source control system of the present invention.
Design discharge of the present invention is 5 days processing 15000m
3Agricultural area source, comprising 400m every day
3Domestic sewage in rural areas by using.This abandoned channel, village of water course in situ of building a dam, weedy, mud is piled up, and piles through desilting arrangement back and builds ecological permeable dam.River course embankment lowest part is 2.2m, the operating water level of ecological permeable dam dam post-processing unit is 1.7m, so minimum operation water level of the present invention is 1.7m, the highest operating water level is 2.2m, normal operating water level is 2.0m, and the head difference of 0.5m can be provided for the subsequent treatment unit.
River width is 12.7m, dam width L
2Be 12.7m.Side slope Coefficient m behind the dam counter-dam
1, m
2All elect 2.5 as.The dam crest height is 2.2m, and height is 0.0 at the bottom of the dam.Osmotic coefficient k is 0.10ms
-1Length 15.6m at the bottom of the dam, crest length 4.6m.
Trapezoid model seepage flow can be divided into three seepage flow zones and consider.ABC is a Upstream section among the figure, and BCED is an interlude, and DEF is a tract.
Upstream section can be that Δ L equivalent rectangular A ' B ' BC replaces with length in the diagram:
(1)
Interlude BCED has according to Du Ping formula in the permeation fluid mechanics:
(2)
Tract DEF comprises the seepage flow that pastes a slope stream and a Delta Region, can estimate with method of substitution, can get:
(3)
Because the BCED zone equates with the seepage discharge in DEF zone,,, find the solution h in conjunction with iterative method so can pass through simultaneous formula (2), (3)
0
In the formula: q---discharge per unit width, m
2D
-1
m
1, m
2---slope coefficient before the dam, behind the dam, dimensionless;
K---transmission coefficient, md
-1
H
1---the depth of water before the dam, m;
H
2---the depth of water behind the dam, m.
Substitution formula (2), (3) when upstream water level is changed to the process of 1.7m from 2.2m, obtain the seepage discharge result under the different water-head situations, see Table 1.L in the table
1Be L
0+ Δ L-m
2h
0, A is preceding river course, the dam gross area under the different water level conditions, T is surface flow the stopping the time of holding in preceding river course, dam of a constant volume.
As can be seen from Table 1, by controlled seepage flow of the present invention, river water level drops to 1.7m from 2.2m before the dam needs 5.14 days, has reached the designing requirement of retaining pollution of area source, regulation and control seepage discharge of expection.
Wherein key-course 5 thickness are 50cm, rubble by 1mm～5mm constitutes, overflow layer 7 thickness are 50cm, gravel by 1cm～4cm constitutes, stabilized zone 8 thickness are 1～2m, gravel by 2cm～4cm constitutes, and the dam body remainder is a transition zone 6, and the gravel of 5mm rubble by 40% and 60% 10mm constitutes.
(permanganate, TN, TP concentration are respectively 7.5mg/L～12.5mg/L, 1.5mg/L～3.0mg/L, 010mg/L～0.25mg/L) through after the processing of the present invention, obtained 8.4%～12.0% permanganate clearance, 17.9%～25.0% TN clearance, 33%～50% TP clearance respectively in widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
Table 1 ecological permeable dam computational chart
| H 1(m) | h 0(m) | H 2(m) | k(m/s) | L 1(m) | L 2(m) | Q(m 3/s) | A(m 2) | T(hr) |
| 2.20 | 1.88 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 6.74 | 12.7 | 0.123 | 33400 | |
| 2.15 | 1.85 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 6.85 | 12.7 | 0.111 | 33250 | 8.15 |
| 2.10 | 1.81 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 6.95 | 12.7 | 0.104 | 33100 | |
| 2.05 | 1.79 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.05 | 12.7 | 0.090 | 32950 | 10.14 |
| 2.00 | 1.77 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.16 | 12.7 | 0.077 | 32800 | |
| 1.95 | 1.75 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.26 | 12.7 | 0.065 | 32650 | 14.27 |
| 1.90 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.37 | 12.7 | 0.050 | 32500 | |
| 1.85 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.47 | 12.7 | 0.039 | 32350 | 23.45 |
| 1.80 | 1.71 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.58 | 12.7 | 0.026 | 32200 | |
| 1.75 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.68 | 12.7 | 0.014 | 32050 | 67.28 |
| 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 0.100 | 7.78 | 12.7 | 0 | 31900 | |
| Amount to 5.14 days |
Claims (6)
1. an ecological permeable dam is positioned at non-flood passage river course, it is characterized in that its section is a trapezium structure, and the slope coefficient of dam slope is 1:1～1:2.5, comprises following four parts:
(A) key-course (5) is positioned at the dam slope that meets water of ecological permeable dam, is that the dam material of 1mm～5mm constitutes by particle diameter, and its volume is 5%～15% of a whole permeable dike;
(B) transition zone (6) is positioned at ecological permeable dam inside, is that the dam material of 5mm～10mm constitutes by particle diameter, and its volume is 50%～65% of a whole permeable dike;
(C) overflow layer (7) is positioned at the dam crest of ecological permeable dam, is that the dam material of 10mm～40mm constitutes by particle diameter, accounts for 10%～15% of ecological permeable dam volume;
(D) stabilized zone (8) is positioned at the backwater dam slope of ecological permeable dam, is that the dam material of 20mm～40mm constitutes by particle diameter, accounts for 20%～30% of ecological permeable dam volume.
2. a kind of ecological permeable dam according to claim 1, the river course degree of depth that it is characterized in that building a dam is 1.5m～3.5m, and river width is 5m～30m, and the river course base slope of the address of building a dam is mild, and the gradient is less than 0.05, and the river course side slope is greater than 2.
3. a kind of ecological permeable dam according to claim 2 is characterized in that the key-course volume is 5%～10% of a whole permeable dike.
4. a kind of ecological permeable dam according to claim 3 is characterized in that key-course, overflow layer and stabilized zone surface plantation plant.
5. a kind of ecological permeable dam according to claim 4 is characterized in that plant is that root system secretes that the oxygen ability is strong, the kind of good denitrogenation and dephosphorization effect.
6. a kind of ecological permeable dam according to claim 5 is characterized in that described plant is canna, cattail, calamus, reed or vetiver.
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| CN102392433B (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-11-27 | 扬州大学 | Drainage channel overflow weir for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN103535310A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-29 | 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 | Self-purification type aquaculture pond and building method thereof |
| CN104452674A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 上海师范大学 | Combined type ecological permeable dam |
| CN104805802B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-10-12 | 山东省分析测试中心 | The T-shaped dam, permeable river of a kind of artificial aquatic weed of planting and method of construction thereof |
| CN104912037B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-08-29 | 同济大学 | A kind of half permeable dike body of regulating level |
| CN105940912B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉大学 | Ecological engineering technology reinforcing river and lake wave washout scarp |
| CN106192938B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省分析测试中心 | A kind of ecological canal system and construction method for farmland water-break pollution prevention |
| CN108643122B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-07-03 | 中国海洋大学 | Vegetation and artificial dike combined energy dissipation dike and construction method thereof |
| CN110106828A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-08-09 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of ecological permeable dam suitable for small watershed in mountain river water quality strengthened purification |
| CN110670545B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-10-19 | 宁夏大学 | Closure slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment |
| CN113673075A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-11-19 | 中建生态环境集团有限公司 | Permeable dam filtering system combining building waste and oyster shell and design method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07251171A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-03 | Hidekazu Toyama | Pollution preventive facility for estuary sea basin |
-
2006
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07251171A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-03 | Hidekazu Toyama | Pollution preventive facility for estuary sea basin |
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