CN110670545B

CN110670545B - Closure slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment

Info

Publication number: CN110670545B
Application number: CN201910908316.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马轶; 张维江; 王德全; 姜茂付
Original assignee: Ningxia University
Current assignee: Ningxia University
Priority date: 2019-09-25
Filing date: 2019-09-25
Publication date: 2021-10-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-25
Also published as: CN110670545A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment; the closure slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment comprises a dam body, an upstream slope, a downstream slope, a stilling pool and a vegetation area; wherein, the dam body is transversely separated in the channel, and a vertical pile is arranged in the dam body; the upstream slope is arranged on the upstream side of the dam body; the downstream slope is arranged on the downstream side of the dam body; the upstream slope, the dam body and the downstream slope are all formed by building earthwork sand bags; the invention combines engineering measures and biological measures, takes geotextile as a sand bag, sand gravel materials with different grain diameters are filled in the sand bag, and are arranged along the water flow direction according to the principle that the grains are gradually increased to form an effective water permeable body, woody plants are planted on the top of the dam, herbaceous plants are planted upstream and downstream, a huge biological system is formed when the plants grow, the plant root system can further reinforce the structure of the dam body, and the formed dam system has the functions of flood stagnation and peak clipping besides the advantage of preventing soil and water loss.

Description

Closure slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment.

Background art:

the silty dam refers to a dam building which is built in each level of channels in a soil and water loss area for the purpose of blocking mud and silty.

The construction of the early check dam has the following problems: 1. the engineering investment is large: the cost of a medium-sized check dam is hundreds of thousands or more; 2. cutting off long flowing water: as a plurality of siltation dams are built from upstream to downstream during channel treatment, and long-flowing water is intercepted, the downstream of a river becomes a seasonal river or even a perennial cutoff flow; 3. the water resource utilization efficiency is low: the design position of a water intake of a general silt dam is higher, the water is difficult to automatically flow and take, a water pump is needed to pump water, the water taking cost is increased, and the water resource utilization rate is lower; 4. large evaporation and leakage losses: after the check dam blocks water resources, the water surface area is increased, so that the water surface evaporation loss is large, and meanwhile, seepage prevention of some check dams is not in place, so that the leakage loss is caused.

The invention content is as follows:

in view of the above, there is a need for a low-cost design of a dam with a damming and slow-release function, which solves the above problems.

The closure slow-release ecological dam for treating water and soil loss comprises a dam body, an upstream slope, a downstream slope, a stilling pool and a vegetation area.

Wherein, the dam body is transversely separated in the channel, the height is 1-1.5 m, the width of the dam crest is 0.5 m, a vertical pile is arranged in the dam body, and the buried depth of the vertical pile is 0.5 m; the upstream slope sets up in dam body upstream side, slope 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the downstream slope is arranged at the downstream side of the dam body, and the slope is 1: 0.8; the upstream slope, the dam body and the downstream slope are all formed by piling geotextile sand bags, the geotextile sand bags adopted by the upstream slope are filled with fine sand, the geotextile sand bags adopted by the dam body are filled with medium sand, and the geotextile sand bags adopted by the downstream slope are filled with coarse sand.

The stilling pool is arranged at the downstream side of the downstream slope, the pool depth is 0.2-0.5 m, and the pool length is 1.5 m; coarse sand with the thickness of 0.25 m is paved at the bottom of the stilling pool.

The vegetation area comprises a dam crest vegetation area, an upstream vegetation area and a downstream vegetation area; the vegetation area on the top of the dam covers the upper end of the dam body, the upstream vegetation area covers the upstream slope and extends upstream, and the downstream vegetation area covers the downstream slope and the stilling pool.

Retarding accumulated water at the upstream slope, decelerating, percolating and passing through the upstream slope, the dam body and the downstream slope layer by layer, and layering and accumulating silt soil carried by the upstream slope and the downstream slope to realize a soil conservation function; the water flow passes through the dam system at low speed, so that the downstream can not be cut off, and meanwhile, the evaporation of water is reduced by a permeation passing mode, and the water retention function is realized; in addition, the ecological dam also has important functions on water quality purification and peak clipping delay.

The reinforcing effect of the vegetation root system on the dam system can ensure that the dam system is not easy to collapse when meeting flood, and the stilling pool paved with coarse sand can ensure that the dam system is not damaged by water flow in long-term use under the effects of accumulated water in the pool and the reduction effect of the coarse sand on the water flow.

Preferably, a single-layer sand bag built fine sand layer is arranged at the joint of the downstream slope and the dam body, so that the water storage amount in the dam body under the structure is remarkably improved, and the water retention effect is further improved.

Preferably, according to the characteristics of soil texture and flowing water carried with silt of a building site, the range of the materials selected by the design is 1-2cm of coarse sand grain size, 0.3-0.5cm of medium sand grain size and 0.1-0.2cm of fine sand grain size.

Preferably, any one or a mixture of more of salix matsudana, pyrus betulaefolia, fraxinus mandshurica, salix purpurea and amorpha fruticosa is planted in the vegetation area at the top of the dam, and reeds are planted in the upstream vegetation area and the downstream vegetation area.

The invention combines engineering measures and biological measures, takes geotextile as a sand bag, sand gravel materials with different grain diameters are filled in the sand bag, and are arranged along the water flow direction according to the principle that the grains are gradually increased to form an effective water permeable body, woody plants are planted on the top of the dam, herbaceous plants are planted upstream and downstream, a huge biological system is formed when the plants grow, the plant root system can further reinforce the structure of the dam body, and the formed dam system has the functions of flood stagnation and peak clipping besides the advantage of preventing soil and water loss.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the closure slow-release ecological dam for soil erosion treatment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a specific embodiment of the closure slow-release ecological dam for soil erosion treatment according to the present invention.

In the figure: the dam comprises a dam body 1, a vertical pile 101, an upstream slope 2, a downstream slope 3, a fine sand layer 301, a stilling pool 4, a dam crest vegetation area 501, an upstream vegetation area 502 and a downstream vegetation area 503.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

an interception slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment comprises a dam body 1, an upstream slope 2, a downstream slope 3, a stilling pool 4 and a vegetation area.

Wherein, the dam body 1 is transversely separated in the channel, the height is 1-1.5 m, the width of the dam crest is 0.5 m, a vertical pile 101 is arranged in the dam body, and the buried depth of the vertical pile is 0.5 m; upstream slope 2 sets up in dam 1 upstream side, slope 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the downstream slope 3 is arranged at the downstream side of the dam body 1, and the slope is 1: 0.8; the upstream slope 2, the dam body 1 and the downstream slope 3 are all formed by stacking earthwork sand bags, the earthwork sand bag adopted by the upstream slope 2 is filled with fine sand, the earthwork sand bag adopted by the dam body 1 is filled with medium sand, the earthwork sand bag adopted by the downstream slope 3 is filled with coarse sand, and the downstream slope 3 is provided with a fine sand layer 301 stacked by single-layer sand bags at the joint with the dam body 1. The grain size of the coarse sand is 1-2cm, the grain size of the medium sand is 0.3-0.5cm, and the grain size of the fine sand is 0.1-0.2 cm.

The stilling pool 4 is arranged at the downstream side of the downstream slope 3, the depth is 0.2-0.5 m, and the length is 1.5 m; coarse sand with the thickness of 0.25 meter is paved at the bottom of the stilling pool 3.

The vegetation areas comprise a dam crest vegetation area 501, an upstream vegetation area 502 and a downstream vegetation area 503; the dam crest vegetation area 501 covers the upper end of the dam body 1, the upstream vegetation area 502 covers the upstream slope 2 and extends upstream, and the downstream vegetation area 503 covers the downstream slope 3 and the stilling pool 4.

One or more of salix matsudana, pyrus betulaefolia, fraxinus mandshurica and amorpha fruticosa are planted in the vegetation area 501 at the top of the dam, and reeds are planted in the upstream vegetation area 502 and the downstream vegetation area 503.

The accumulated water at the upstream slope 2 is retarded to be subjected to deceleration infiltration layer by layer and passes through the upstream slope 2, the dam body 1 and the downstream slope 3, the entrained silt soil is layered and accumulated at the slope bottom of the upstream slope 2 to realize the soil conservation function, the downstream cannot be cut off due to the low-speed water flow passing through the dam system, and meanwhile, the water evaporation is reduced through the permeation passing mode, so that the water conservation function is realized.

The reinforcing effect of the vegetation root system on the dam system can ensure that the dam system is not easy to collapse when meeting flood, and the stilling pool 4 paved with coarse sand can ensure that the dam system is not damaged by water flow in long-term use under the reducing effect of accumulated water in the pool and the coarse sand on the water flow.

Claims

1. The closure slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment is characterized by comprising a dam body, an upstream slope, a downstream slope, a stilling pool and a vegetation area;

wherein the dam body is transversely separated in the channel, the height is 1-1.5 m, the thickness of the dam crest is 0.5 m, a vertical pile is arranged in the dam body, and the buried depth of the vertical pile is 0.5 m; the upstream slope sets up in dam body upstream side, slope 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the downstream slope is arranged at the downstream side of the dam body, and the slope is 1: 0.8; the upstream slope, the dam body and the downstream slope are all formed by piling geotextile sand bags, the geotextile sand bag adopted by the upstream slope is filled with fine sand, the geotextile sand bag adopted by the dam body is filled with medium sand, and the geotextile sand bag adopted by the downstream slope is filled with coarse sand;

the stilling pool is arranged at the downstream side of the downstream slope, the pool depth is 0.2-0.5 m, and the pool length is 1.5 m; coarse sand with the thickness of 0.25 m is paved at the bottom of the stilling pool;

the vegetation area comprises a dam crest vegetation area, an upstream vegetation area and a downstream vegetation area; the vegetation area at the top of the dam covers the upper end of the dam body, the upstream vegetation area covers the upstream slope and extends upstream, and the downstream vegetation area covers the downstream slope and the stilling pool;

and a single-layer sand bag built fine sand layer is arranged at the joint of the downstream slope and the dam body.

2. The intercepting slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of coarse sand is 1-2cm, the grain size of medium sand is 0.3-0.5cm, and the grain size of fine sand is 0.1-0.2 cm.

3. The intercepting slow-release ecological dam for water and soil loss treatment according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation area on the top of the dam is planted with any one or a mixture of salix matsudana, pyrus betulaefolia, fraxinus mandshurica, salix purpurea and amorpha fruticosa, and the upstream vegetation area and the downstream vegetation area are planted with reeds.