CN104480920B - Method using farmland ditch pool systemic control regionality agricultural non -point pollution - Google Patents
Method using farmland ditch pool systemic control regionality agricultural non -point pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN104480920B CN104480920B CN201410794856.0A CN201410794856A CN104480920B CN 104480920 B CN104480920 B CN 104480920B CN 201410794856 A CN201410794856 A CN 201410794856A CN 104480920 B CN104480920 B CN 104480920B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of utilization farmland ditch pool systemic control regionality agricultural non -point pollution.On the basis of the method improves farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches by arrangement; confluxed footprint according to agricultural surface runoff; add ecological pond on farm field irrigation drainage irrigation canals and ditches; realize quickly slowing down farmland ditch water velocity; reinforcing buffer capacity of the farmland sysrem to water, improves the cycle efficieny of water resource/nitrogen phosphorus nutrient inside farmland, reduces farmland face source quantity of wastewater effluent; the discharge of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses is effectively cut down, is that protection zone water environment plays a greater role.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture environmental protection technical field, more particularly to a kind of regional using farmland ditch pool systemic control
The method of agricultural non -point pollution.
Background technology
Agricultural non -point pollution referred in Agricultural Activities, nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient during rainfall or irrigation, by agriculture
The pollution of area source that field rainwash, interflow and leaching enter water body and formed.Research shows that the loss of nitrogen phosphorus in farmland is main
It is to enter to receive water body (the water system widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of Ma Lishan, Wang Zuqiang et al. southern Jiangsu Taihu Lake and its control by rainwash
Countermeasure [J] processed ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 17 (1)：39～47).In recent years, with the continuous increasing of fertilizer amount in farmland ecosystem
Plus, the number of dropouts of nitrogen and phosphorus content and farmland nitrogen phosphorus in agricultural land soil be not also continuously increased, and brings to environmental management very big
Risk (research [J] of the conversion of Yang Linzhang, Sun Bo farmland ecosystem nutrient transfer and optimum management, Advances in Earth Science, 17
(3)):147～153), agricultural non -point pollution load increases in increasing with flow path surface, shows in general river course, lake water quality
For flood season be inferior to non-flood period (Chen Hesheng, Taihu Lake ecological remediation and treatment engineering [J], Yangtze river basin resource and environment, 2001,10
(2)：173～178).In farmland, irrigation and drainage Box Drain plays an important role in agricultural production, and wherein draining and water delivery is weight
Will most heavy function.Irrigation and drainage network is constituted by numerous width irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches not of uniform size in farmland sysrem, and these irrigation and drainage
Network played in farmland moisture " actuator " and its between rivers and lakes current " Communicating device ", in rainy season water consumpation
When more, farmland ditch can be as " remittance " of agricultural drain, in the season of drought, and the moisture retained in irrigation canals and ditches can be with
It is used for supplementing Farmland Water and waning, (land-sea is bright, the environment of Sun Jinhua et al. agriculture drainage ditchs to become " source " of field irrigation water
Effect and ecological functions summary [J] hydroscience progress, 2010,21 (5)：719～725).
With agriculture industrialization production intensification more and more higher, construction of water conservancy works is more and more perfect, farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches
Integration, standardization level also more and more higher, although improve the irrigation and drainage ability of farmland ditch, but irrigation canals and ditches storage outlet capacity is serious
Disappearance, agricultural run-off is quick, smoothly flow directly into region water body.Although the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of agricultural run-off is compared with other concentration of wastewater
Low, but be also sewage for the locality protection water body, it is subject to expert, scholars to pay close attention in recent years.Research master in recent years
Concentrating on farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches carries out ecological reconstruction, in terms of the tail water purification of farmland, on the one hand plants water inside farmland ditch
Plant, the ecological diversity and plant for strengthening irrigation canals and ditches are intercepted to nitrogen phosphorus and absorbability, reduce runoff velocity (Deng Furong, Liu
The artificial swamps such as east life and the contrast [J] of soil sanitation groove process domestic sewage in rural areas, Environmental Chemistry, 2013,32 (2) 232～
239)；On the other hand add the porous media proprietary material of the attached phosphorus of some denitrogenations on this basis and increased by multistage reflux type
Plus the time of staying (" 4R " theory and the engineering time-ecological intercepting that the Rural Plane Source Pollution such as Shi Weiming, Xue Lihong is administered of runoff
Technology [J] ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,32 (9) 1697-1704) etc..These existing methods lack domain type, globality consideration
Overall water balance (storage) of farmland sysrem etc..Study a kind of utilization agricultural ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non -point pollution
Method, the method can not only utilize farmland ditch plant to intercept adsorption of nitrogen phosphorus, moreover it is possible to increase the moisture storage capability of farmland sysrem,
Retention farmland high concentration tail water, strengthens the cyclic utilization rate of agricultural run-off, activates the agricultural ecological ditch pool " adjusting in farmland sysrem
Section device " effect, realizes that the water environmental problems of effectively solving agricultural non -point pollution are of great significance.
Content of the invention
For solving the problems, such as above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of using ecological ditch pool system
The method of preventing and treating agricultural non -point pollution, the method are being fully understood by the basis of agricultural run-off yield, period of right time, runoff track
On, on the one hand by the construction the ecology pond systems for the treatment of in accordance with local conditions at farmland ditch charge for remittance node, realize to farmland face source sewage
Storage capability maximize, especially high concentration farmland face source sewage retention storage, from the water yield control agricultural non -point pollution；Separately
On the one hand the transformation of the irrigation canals and ditches treatment in accordance with local conditions between the connection pool, optimizes and builds ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, inside reinforcing irrigation canals and ditches
Obstruction ability and evolvability, cut down vegetation coverage in terms of concentration.So as to recycle ability (nitrogen in raising agricultural run-off
Phosphorus is recycled), so as to realize agricultural non -point pollution integrated control.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of method using ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non -point pollution, comprises the following steps that：
1) determine that Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, the planting system refer to water
Drought ring is made, non-irrigated drought ring is made and water is made, and farmland institute long-term cropping is constituted；
2) determine that farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off conflux footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes；
The node that wherein confluxes refers to that farmland local runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal；Catchment area refers to that entrance is confluxed the product of node
Stream farmland area；
3) by farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, according to current of the pool systems at different levels to remittance
Pollutant are deposited, conflux amount of the pool volume size according to catchment area, and runoff coefficient and rainfall determine；The runoff in farmland
Refer to unit area farmland in the runoff that irrigates or rainfall or soaked field are formed；Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient ×
Irrigation volume/rainfall (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refer to the run-off and rainfall or the ratio of irrigation volume in unit area farmland.
Further, the step 2) in conflux node positioned at trunk canal, on two grades of trunk canals and three-level trunk canal.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The inventive method is being fully understood by agricultural run-off yield, period of right time, on the basis of runoff track, on the one hand logical
The construction the ecology pond systems for the treatment of in accordance with local conditions at the farmland ditch charge for remittance node are crossed, the storage capability to farmland face source sewage is realized most
Bigization, especially high concentration farmland face source sewage retention storage, control agricultural non -point pollution from the water yield；On the other hand in connection
The transformation of the irrigation canals and ditches treatment in accordance with local conditions between the pool, optimizes and builds ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, strengthens obstruction ability inside irrigation canals and ditches and net
Change ability, cuts down vegetation coverage in terms of concentration.So as to recycle ability (nitrogen phosphorus is recycled) in raising agricultural run-off,
So as to realize agricultural non -point pollution integrated control.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 ditch pool system schematics of the present invention.
In Fig. 1：1,2,3,4 represent ecological pool system；5,6 represent the irrigation canals and ditches between ecological canal-ecological pond；A is represented
Main drainage channel in farmland sysrem；B represents a drainage ditch in farmland sysrem；C represents lateral sulcus in farmland sysrem；D is with representing in irrigation canals and ditches
Table runoff water flow direction.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described in further detail to technical solution of the present invention：
As shown in figure 1, a kind of method using ecological ditch pool systemic control agricultural non -point pollution, comprises the following steps that：
1) determine that Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, the planting system refer to water
Drought ring is made, non-irrigated drought ring is made and water is made, and farmland institute long-term cropping is constituted；
2) determine that farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off conflux footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes；
The node that wherein confluxes refers to that farmland local runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal；Catchment area refers to that entrance is confluxed the product of node
Stream farmland area；
3) by farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, according to current of the pool systems at different levels to remittance
Pollutant are deposited, conflux amount of the pool volume size according to catchment area, and runoff coefficient and rainfall determine；The runoff in farmland
Refer to unit area farmland in the runoff that irrigates or rainfall or soaked field are formed；Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient ×
Irrigation volume/rainfall (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refer to the run-off and rainfall or the ratio of irrigation volume in unit area farmland.
Further, the step 2) in conflux node positioned at trunk canal, on two grades of trunk canals and three-level trunk canal.
Embodiment 1：On the Feng Yuzhen of Yunnan Province Eryuan County, temple is using the imitated regionality agricultural non -point pollution of farmland ditch pool system
Engineering
On the Feng Yuzhen of Yunnan Province Eryuan County, to be located at phoenix plumage river valley western in temple unincorporated village, apart from 5.50 kilometers of Feng Yu towns, sea
2210m is pulled out, 13.70 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, annual precipitation 745.00mm, long-term cropping have Oryza sativa L., Brassica campestris L, Bulbus Allii, Semen Maydiss and bake
Cigarette etc..2933.00 yuan of per capita net income for farmers.About 4000 mu of farmland area, 27669 mu of forest land, agricultural drain amount is about 120
Ten thousand stere, is high-volume about 4～4.8t and 0.2～0.24t nitrogen and phosphorus load row's years, wherein floods and droughts hand over excessive phase (including nonirrigated farmland to
Paddy field excessive phase and paddy field are to the nonirrigated farmland excessive phase) outer last person's water concentration highest, it is 10～20 times of other periods, discharge load is
More than the 70% of annual discharge capacity.These pollutant have sudden, short-time characteristic and randomness, and difficulty of governance is very big.
Ecological ditch pool system demonstration project is built in Yunnan Province Eryuan County Feng Yuzhen Shang Si villages farmland, and Ji Shangsi villages are perfect by building
Using the system engineering of agricultural ecological ditch pool system realm agricultural non -point pollution, on the one hand pass through in farmland ditch charge for remittance node
The construction the ecology pond systems of place's treatment in accordance with local conditions, realize the maximization of the storage capability to farmland face source sewage, especially high concentration
The sewage retention storage of farmland face source, controls agricultural non -point pollution from the water yield；On the other hand the irrigation canals and ditches between the connection pool are because of ground
The transformation of suiting measures to different conditions, optimizes and builds ecosystem in irrigation canals and ditches, strengthens the obstruction ability inside irrigation canals and ditches and evolvability, in terms of concentration
Cut down vegetation coverage.So as to realize that minimum economic puts into, the maximum of maximum treatment efficiency and nitrogen P elements is utilized, and reaches water ring
The purpose of border protection.
1 farmland section draining water quality condition of table
| Interface | Total nitrogen | Solubility total nitrogen | Total phosphorus | Solubility total phosphorus |
| The floods and droughts excessive phase | 13.5 | 5.33 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
| Other periods | 2.3 | 1.75 | 0.5 | 0.01 |
| Average agricultural drain | 7.9 | 3.54 | 1.2 | 0.03 |
Table 1 show farmland section draining water quality condition：
The demonstration project ability is：Sewage year processes 90 ten thousand stere of Utilization ability, and wherein retention utilizes high concentration
8 ten thousand stere of farmland face source sewage.Particular content includes optimizing ten thousand metres ecological canal inside farmland perfect, builds life
20, the state pool, 6 ten thousand stere of dischargeable capacity.Total investment of engineering is 39.6 ten thousand yuan.
Change after demonstration project builds up, 90000m can be processed every year3Rural area Tian Mian sources sewage, reduces 2t nitrogen pollutants and 0.1t
Phosphor contaminant enters Feng Yuhe.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement that expects without creative work, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
The protection domain that protection domain should be limited by claims is defined.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of utilization farmland ditch pool systemic control regionality agricultural non -point pollution method, it is characterised in that concrete steps are such as
Under：
1) determine that Regional field area, farmland planting system, 10 years and above rainfall data, the planting system refer to floods and droughts wheel
Make, non-irrigated drought ring makees and water is made, farmland institute long-term cropping is constituted；
2) determine that farmland discharging-irrigating irrigation canals and ditches network, agricultural run-off conflux footprint and process, the catchment area of the node that clearly confluxes；Wherein
The node that confluxes refers to that farmland local runoff confluxes and enters the point of farmland tap drain canal；Catchment area refers to that entrance is confluxed the product stream agriculture of node
Field area；
3) by farmland ditch ecosystem, confluxing, node builds pool system, according to contaminated water flow of the pool systems at different levels to remittance
Thing is deposited, conflux amount of the pool volume size according to catchment area, and runoff coefficient and rainfall determine；The runoff in farmland is referred to
Unit area farmland is in the runoff that irrigates or rainfall or soaked field are formed；Pool volume (Q)=catchment area × runoff coefficient × irrigation
Amount/rainfall (mm), wherein runoff coefficient refer to the run-off and rainfall or the ratio of irrigation volume in unit area farmland；
The step 2) in conflux node positioned at trunk canal, on two grades of trunk canals and three-level trunk canal.
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| CN110042810A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 云南大学 | A kind of sloping upland runoff pollution retains system |
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| CN115304164A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Ecological restoration method for comprehensively treating farmland non-point source pollution |
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