CN1044784A - 电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备 - Google Patents
电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/445—Coaxially arranged screws, i.e. one within the other
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚合物电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备。采用电磁能通过一悬浮运动体给物料施加动态塑化挤出所需的各种能量的挤出方法,其工作过程包括固体输送、熔融塑化混炼和溶体输送三个阶段,整个工作过程均在周期性的频率可调控的振动状态下进行。实现此方法的设备采用集成化结构,工作部件与装置均以同轴线对称套装成一整体,其运动部件处于磁悬浮状态。整机体积小,机加工较容易,能耗低,制品质量好,产量高且物料的适应性广。
Description
本发明涉及聚合物成型加工领域中的一种电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备。
在本发明作出以前,聚合物成型加工的主要设备是各种螺杆挤出机。螺杆挤出机要求在期望的稳态下工作,其固体物料完全靠摩擦输送,物料的压实较慢,建立起的压力较低,排气效果也较差,以至输送效率低。塑化熔融主要靠外加热和剪切热,熔化速率低且塑化不均匀。混炼主要靠剪切过程效果不佳。熔体输送主要依靠熔体剪切过程,由于物料粘度大、弹性大,熔体输送过程中阻力较大,输送效率较低。由于上述挤出方法上的缺陷,造成挤出产量和质量的提高受到限制,同时由于挤出温度较高,产量的提高也受后续设备冷却速率跟不上的限制。另外各种参数的随机干扰很难克服,挤出质量的提高也因此受到限制。
普通螺杆挤出机的结构由传动、挤压、加热与冷却、控制等系统所组成。螺杆是挤压系统、也是螺杆挤出机的心脏部件。长期以来人们比较注重螺杆结构与工作机理的研究,因此其结构不断改进,目前已出现了各种新型螺杆挤出机。然而,改进后的任意一种螺杆挤出机,其单独的驱动及传动系统仍然是必不可少的,这就决定了螺杆挤出机必然存在着体积庞大,动力传递过程中的能量损失,传动润滑剂的泄漏与污染,机械零件的摩擦和磨损,机械接触的噪音以及受力状态差等缺陷。又由于螺杆具有较大的长径比(一般都大于20),随着对挤出产量和制品质量要求的不断提高,采用现有技术,一般采取增加螺杆的长径比的措施来缓解产量与质量的矛盾。但是随着长径比的增加,料筒的制造难度增大,机加工成本提高,整体积与重量也随之增大;同时,螺杆与料筒之间存在的摩擦和磨损加剧,它不但直接影响整机的工作寿命,而且能耗也急剧增加。
本发明的目的在于避免现有技术中的不足之处而提供一种采用电磁能通过一磁性运动体给物料施加动态塑化挤出所需的各种能量的挤出方法和能省去螺杆挤出机中的单独驱动及传动系统,省去传统意义上的螺杆的挤出设备。
迄今为止未发现在国内外有关文献中对电磁动态挤出方法及设备的任何报道,经广东省科技情报研究所国际联机情报检索中心检索也未见任何有关的记载。
本发明的目的可通过如下措施来达到:
本方法发明是采用电磁能通过一磁性运动体给物料施加动态塑化挤出所需的各种能量,其工作过程包括动态固体输送、熔融塑化混炼和溶体输送三阶段,整个工作过程均在周期性的振动状态下进行,其振动频率在0~108HZ之间调整。
工作过程分述如下:
(1)动态固体输送
物料被周期性地压缩、释放,瞬时压力使物料快速压实、输送,同时松散的物料带入的空气以及各种挥发物借压实过程快速排出。
(2)动态塑化熔融
物料在此阶段受迫振动,其内部产生耗散热量,同时在振动状态下分子被迫取向,分子与分子间容易滑移,因此物料被快速均匀熔融。另外,在振动状态下,瞬时变化的剪切速率和瞬时变化的压力使物料混炼,组份间的混合以及低分子填料的扩散都被加快和加强。
(3)动态熔体输送
周期性的振动使熔体的粘性与弹性降低,流动阻力相应减小,挤出产量增加,挤出温度降低,挤出胀大量相应减小。另外,在周期性振动状态下各种不稳定因素得到了调制,因此挤出质量得到显著提高。
本发明还提供了一种实现上述方法的聚合物电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于由电磁绕组装置、转动和振动的运动部件、运动部件的轴向电磁支承,以及与运动部件构成物料工作容积的固定部件所组成,它们均以相同的对称轴线套装于电磁绕组装置内。
下面通过附图中表示的一实施例进一步叙述本发明。
图1为聚合物电磁动态塑化挤出机的原理、结构示意图。
图2为外料筒2的俯视图,它表示了四头等进螺线槽。
图1中,1所表示的电磁绕组装置被固定安装在下支承底座10上,外料筒2被径向磁悬浮于电磁绕组装置1内,轴向由被固定于下支承底座10上的电磁支承6磁悬浮,外料筒2与电磁绕组装置1之间有电磁间隙,其取值范围为0.5mm~2mm。外螺杆3固定于上端盖7上,并被套装在外料筒2内;外料筒2与外螺杆3之间的间隙为0.1mm~1mm。外料筒2与电磁支承6之间有电磁间隙,其取值范围为1.5mm~3mm。内料筒4被套装在外螺杆3内,且与外螺杆3固定联接,在内料筒4与外螺杆3之间装有辅助加热元件11,该元件只在机器启动时使用,一旦机器正常工作就不再使用。内螺杆5被固定安装在外料筒2的上端面内侧的中心,且与外料筒2同步运转。上支承端盖7被固定在电磁绕组装置1上,其内端面与外料筒2的上端面构成的工作容积为Ⅰ区,Ⅰ区与对称固定在上支承端盖7上的两个料斗9相通。在Ⅰ区,上支承端盖7的内表面与外料筒2的上端面上均开有3~9头等进螺线槽,槽顶面间的间隙为0.05mm~0.5mm,以不发生直接的机械接触摩擦为宜。外料筒2的内表面与外螺杆3的外表面之间构成的工作容积为Ⅱ区,在Ⅱ区外螺杆3开设有单头或两头或三头或多头螺旋槽,所开设的螺旋槽被用于压延塑化的侧面塑化滚动体12分成两段或多段,侧面塑化滚动体12被限制在外螺杆3上的周向弧面滚道内滚动和振动,侧面塑化滚动体12的数目可以为零,也可以在5个~12个之间选择。外螺杆3的下端面还与外料筒2的底面的环形区域构成工作容积Ⅲ区,在此区域的两个环形端面上均设有3头~9头等进螺线槽,该等进螺线槽又被端面塑化滚动体13分成两部分,端面滚动体13也被限制在外螺杆3下端面与外料筒2的底部的环形滚道上滚动和振动。端面塑化滚动体13的数目可以在3个~10个之间选择,也可以为零。内料筒4与内螺杆5的螺槽间构成的工作容积为Ⅳ区,该区与固定在内料筒4上的输出过渡套筒8相连,借助输出过渡套筒8与各种挤出模头相联接。
设备的工作过程描述如下:
Ⅰ区接纳料斗来的物料,在等进螺线槽的作用下,向圆周方向均匀分配、输送给Ⅱ区。在Ⅱ区里,由于外料筒的振动和转动,使物料被动态输送、压实、排气并不断软化融熔,经侧面塑化滚动体12时受到强烈的动态滚动压延。由于外螺杆下端面不运动而外料筒运转,因此物料进入Ⅲ区时,被分割、分流、刮片混合,在Ⅲ区物料受到螺线槽的动态输送和变速率混炼同时受到端面塑化滚动体13的又一次动态压延,而被彻底融熔。融熔状的物料进入Ⅳ区,由于内料筒固定而内螺杆与外料筒同步运转,物料被再次分割、分流、刮片混合,并且在内螺杆的作用下,物料被定压、定量、定温泵送,经过渡套筒和模头挤出。
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点:
(1)由于整机结构集成化,省去了驱动、传动装置,省去了大长径比的螺杆,因此整机的轴向尺寸很小,占地面积与空间很小,体积与重量只有同产量的螺杆挤出机的1/3~1/4。
(2)与传统的螺杆挤出机相比,机加工制造较容易,制造周期大为缩短,制造成本大约能降低到同产量同档次螺杆挤出机的1/3~1/4。
(3)由于结构轴对称,受力状态好,可以实现高速挤出,再加上大直径螺杆用于动态固体输送,输送效率非常高,因而产量高,另一方面由于无驱动传动系统的能量消耗、动态塑化、挤出温度低,同时无需专门的冷却系统,因此能耗低,单耗比“机电部塑料机械情报网”公布的最新统计数字降低了30%~50%。
(4)由于大直径螺杆用于固体输送,小直径螺杆用于熔体输送,振动状态下固体输送时建立压力比较快,且瞬时压力高,便于气体从加料斗排出;另外,在动态下物料经过多次滚动压延,多次分割、分流、刮片混合和动态混炼,因此物料的排气、混炼、塑化效果好,挤出制品的质量比传统的螺杆挤出机大为提高。
(5)由于在振动状态下高聚物分子被迫取向,分子间容易滑移,物料熔融塑化温度较低,因此挤出温度比普通螺杆挤出机低20℃~40℃,缓解了普通螺杆挤出机提高产量与后续设备冷却跟不上的矛盾。
(6)由于物料在机器内的停留时间短,动态熔融挤出温度低,动态下物料不易产生停滞分解,对物料的适应性广,特别适于加工各种热敏性塑料。
(7)由于所有工作部件轴对称,无外加力或力矩,同时运动部件处于电磁悬浮状态,因此机器受力状态好,摩擦磨损小,使用寿命长。
(8)由于没有动力传递装置以及机械支承,因此噪音小,没有油污染。
Claims (7)
1、包括固体输送、熔融塑化混炼和溶体输送过程的电磁动态塑化挤出方法,其特征在于采用电磁能通过一磁性运动体给物料施加动态塑化挤出所需的各种能量的挤出方法,整个工作过程均在周期性的振动状态下进行,其振动频率在0~108HZ之间调整。
2、电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于由电磁绕组装置、转动和振动的运动部件、运动部件的轴向电磁支承以及与运动部件构成物料工作容积的固定部件所组成,它们均以相同的对称轴线套装于电磁绕组装置内。
3、根据权利要求2所述的电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于该机主要工作部件是:外料筒②、外螺杆③、内料筒④和内螺杆⑤所组成,外螺杆③固定于上端盖⑦上并被套装在外料筒②内;内料筒④被套装在外螺杆③内,且与外螺杆③固定联接;内螺杆⑤被固定安装在外料筒②的上端面内侧的中心。
4、根据权利要求2所述的电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于上支承端盖⑦的内表面与外料筒②的上端面,以及外螺杆③的下端面与外料筒②的底面的环形端面上均设有3~9头等进螺线槽,外螺杆③下端面和外料筒②底面上的等进螺线槽被端面塑化滚动体(13)分成两个部分,而端面塑化滚动体(13)被限制在二端面上的环形滚道内。
5、根据权利要求2、3、4所述的电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于外料筒②被径向磁悬浮于①内,轴向由被固定于下支承底座⑩上的电磁支承⑥磁悬浮。
6、根据权利要求3所述的电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于外螺杆③开设有单头或两头或三头或多头螺旋槽,其螺旋槽被侧面塑化滚动体(12)分成两段或多段侧面塑化滚动体(12)被限制在外螺杆③上的周向弧面滚道内。
7、根据权利要求4、6所述的电磁动态塑化挤出机,其特征在于侧面塑化滚动体(12)的数目可以为零,也可以在5个~12个之间选择;端面塑化滚动体(13)的数目可以为零,也可以在3个~10个之间选择。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101034A CN1017692B (zh) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-02-26 | 电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备 |
EP90125376A EP0444306B1 (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-12-22 | A method and equipment for the electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extrusion of polymer materials |
ES90125376T ES2072963T3 (es) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-12-22 | Un metodo y equipo para la extrusion plastificante dinamica electromagnetica de materiales polimericos. |
DE69018242T DE69018242T2 (de) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-12-22 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetisch-dynamisch-plastifizierenden Extrudieren von polymerischem Kunststoff. |
AT90125376T ATE120399T1 (de) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-12-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektromagnetisch- dynamisch-plastifizierenden extrudieren von polymerischem kunststoff. |
US07/646,163 US5217302A (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1991-01-25 | Method and equipment for electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extrusion of polymer materials |
JP3030164A JPH0796252B2 (ja) | 1990-02-26 | 1991-02-25 | 重合体の電磁ダイナミック可塑化押出方法と装置 |
HK97102097A HK1000505A1 (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1997-11-04 | A method and equipment for the electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extrusion of polymer materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101034A CN1017692B (zh) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-02-26 | 电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1044784A true CN1044784A (zh) | 1990-08-22 |
CN1017692B CN1017692B (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
Family
ID=4876907
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101034A Expired CN1017692B (zh) | 1990-02-26 | 1990-02-26 | 电磁动态塑化挤出方法及设备 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5217302A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0444306B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0796252B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1017692B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE120399T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69018242T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2072963T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1000505A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1314529C (zh) * | 2004-01-08 | 2007-05-09 | 东华大学 | 电场式聚合物挤出机机头 |
CN100368182C (zh) * | 2005-03-08 | 2008-02-13 | 华南理工大学 | 螺杆轴向脉动挤出机的驱动装置 |
CN102019650A (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 青岛科技大学 | 电磁动态液压传动密炼装置及其混炼方法 |
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DE4430176A1 (de) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-02-29 | Krupp Maschinentechnik | Schneckenextruder |
CN1059626C (zh) * | 1996-07-05 | 2000-12-20 | 华南理工大学 | 电磁式聚合物动态注射成型方法及装置 |
EP0865051A4 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1999-10-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | RARE EARTH COMPOSITE MAGNET PRODUCTION METHOD AND RARE EARTH MAGNET |
EP1182027B2 (de) * | 2000-08-09 | 2006-11-22 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik | Extrudiervorrichtung |
CN1305947C (zh) * | 2003-04-12 | 2007-03-21 | 朱胤儒 | 一种玻璃纤维改性热塑性工程塑料的方法及其设备 |
EP1748201B1 (de) * | 2005-07-29 | 2010-12-29 | Zeta Biopharma GmbH | Magnetrührer |
US8197243B2 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-06-12 | American Extrusion International | Head assembly for use in a rotary head extruder for extruding a food product |
RU2461586C2 (ru) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-09-20 | Елена Мидхатовна Абакачева | Способ производства полимерной пленки |
WO2013183100A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | 混練機 |
CN114055752B (zh) * | 2021-11-22 | 2024-02-20 | 山东亿博阳光工程材料有限公司 | 一种建筑工程用土工膜挤出成型设备 |
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DE1529985A1 (de) * | 1962-03-22 | 1969-10-30 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Schneckenstrangpresse |
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SU704812A1 (ru) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-12-25 | Киевский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им. 50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции | Дисковый экструдер дл переработки полимерных материалов |
FR2486820A1 (fr) * | 1980-07-16 | 1982-01-22 | Charriere Jean | Induit de moteur electrique utilise directement en organe melangeur et/ou propulseur pour fluides |
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1990
- 1990-02-26 CN CN90101034A patent/CN1017692B/zh not_active Expired
- 1990-12-22 AT AT90125376T patent/ATE120399T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-22 EP EP90125376A patent/EP0444306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-22 DE DE69018242T patent/DE69018242T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-22 ES ES90125376T patent/ES2072963T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-25 US US07/646,163 patent/US5217302A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-25 JP JP3030164A patent/JPH0796252B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-11-04 HK HK97102097A patent/HK1000505A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1314529C (zh) * | 2004-01-08 | 2007-05-09 | 东华大学 | 电场式聚合物挤出机机头 |
CN100368182C (zh) * | 2005-03-08 | 2008-02-13 | 华南理工大学 | 螺杆轴向脉动挤出机的驱动装置 |
CN102019650A (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 青岛科技大学 | 电磁动态液压传动密炼装置及其混炼方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2072963T3 (es) | 1995-08-01 |
CN1017692B (zh) | 1992-08-05 |
DE69018242D1 (de) | 1995-05-04 |
JPH0796252B2 (ja) | 1995-10-18 |
EP0444306A3 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
EP0444306A2 (en) | 1991-09-04 |
ATE120399T1 (de) | 1995-04-15 |
JPH06226815A (ja) | 1994-08-16 |
EP0444306B1 (en) | 1995-03-29 |
HK1000505A1 (en) | 1998-04-03 |
US5217302A (en) | 1993-06-08 |
DE69018242T2 (de) | 1995-11-23 |
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