CN101219565A - 基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备 - Google Patents

基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101219565A
CN101219565A CNA200810026054XA CN200810026054A CN101219565A CN 101219565 A CN101219565 A CN 101219565A CN A200810026054X A CNA200810026054X A CN A200810026054XA CN 200810026054 A CN200810026054 A CN 200810026054A CN 101219565 A CN101219565 A CN 101219565A
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China
Prior art keywords
stator
plasticizing
rotor
blade
unit
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Granted
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CNA200810026054XA
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CN100496927C (zh
Inventor
瞿金平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SIIICO TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to CNB200810026054XA priority Critical patent/CN100496927C/zh
Application filed by South China University of Technology SCUT filed Critical South China University of Technology SCUT
Priority to PCT/CN2008/000643 priority patent/WO2009094815A1/zh
Priority to CA2676718A priority patent/CA2676718C/en
Priority to BRPI0809871-9A priority patent/BRPI0809871B1/pt
Priority to DK08715075.1T priority patent/DK2113355T3/da
Priority to EP08715075.1A priority patent/EP2113355B1/en
Priority to AU2008349133A priority patent/AU2008349133B2/en
Priority to MYPI20093835A priority patent/MY163667A/en
Priority to MX2009013163A priority patent/MX2009013163A/es
Priority to US12/528,702 priority patent/US8573828B2/en
Priority to ES08715075T priority patent/ES2436288T3/es
Priority to RU2009130327/05A priority patent/RU2446943C2/ru
Priority to JP2010501358A priority patent/JP5560184B2/ja
Priority to KR1020097018015A priority patent/KR101142095B1/ko
Publication of CN101219565A publication Critical patent/CN101219565A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100496927C publication Critical patent/CN100496927C/zh
Priority to HK09112249.5A priority patent/HK1134062A1/xx
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/60—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
    • B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/12—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/16—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with paddles or arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/32—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with non-movable mixing or kneading devices
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • F04C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations
    • F04C11/001—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations of similar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备。通过一组具有确定几何形状的空间，它们的容积可以依次由小到大再由大到小周期性变化，容积变大时纳入物料，容积变小时压实、塑化并排出物料，实现正应力起主要作用的物料塑化输运。由具有圆柱内腔的定子、置于定子内腔中并与定子偏心的转子、布置在转子的直径方向并沿圆周方向均匀分布的若干叶片和布置在定子两侧的挡料盘组成叶片塑化输运单元。定子内表面、转子外表面、两叶片及两挡料盘围成上述具有确定几何形状的空间。叶片塑化输运单元可与各种螺杆挤压单元或各种柱塞注射单元组合成挤出机或注射机的叶片塑化注射装置，具有物料热机械历程短、能耗低、适应性广以及体积小等特点。

Description

基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料塑化加工方法与设备，具体是指基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备。
技术背景
高分子材料成型加工是高能耗过程作业，目前普遍采用螺杆机械，如螺杆挤出机、螺杆注射机等，但无论是挤出相关的各种制品加工，还是注射、压延等制品加工，塑料原料都必须经过输送、熔融塑化这一基本和共性的过程，这一过程所用能量占高分子材料加工能耗的绝大部分。在螺杆机械中物料塑化输运主要是靠螺杆旋转时对物料的拖曳作用，固体输送为摩擦拖曳，熔体输送为粘性拖曳，物料的速度梯度与其流动和变形方向垂直，这种流动与变形主要受剪切应力支配。因此可以认为目前普遍采用的螺杆机械是基于剪切流变的高分子材料螺杆塑化输运设备，无可避免地存在塑化输运能力强烈依赖于物料与金属料筒表面之间的摩擦力和物料内摩擦力的问题。这两类问题又依赖于物料自身的物理性能和过程作业工艺条件。在螺杆机械中通常采取对料筒的固体输送段开槽以增加与物料的摩擦力、增大螺杆长径比、优化螺杆结构等措施可以在一定程度上解决上述问题。但这些措施又势必造成物料塑化输运所经历的热机械历程加长、能耗增加、设备结构体积大等缺陷。
高分子材料动态成型加工设备在一定程度上缩短了成型加工过程中物料所经历的热机械历程，降低了成型加工过程中物料的流动阻力，从而使得塑化输运能耗降低、塑化能力提高。但高分子材料动态成型加工机械本质上还是基于剪切流变的螺杆塑化输运设备，无法从根本上解决塑化输运能力依赖于物料与金属料筒表面之间的摩擦力和物料内摩擦力的问题，因此，其降低塑化输运能耗与提高塑化输运能力的空间也很有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法，以解决高分子材料成型加工过程中物料经历的热机械历程长、能耗高的问题。
本发明的目的还在于提供实现所述方法的一种基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运设备。
本发明的一种基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法是利用一组具有确定几何形状的空间，它们的容积可以依次由小到大再由大到小周期性变化，容积变大时纳入物料，容积变小时压实、塑化并排出物料，实现正应力起主要作用的物料塑化输运。
实现上述方法的一种设备结构如下：采用具有圆柱内腔的空心定子、置于定子内腔中并与定子偏心的圆柱形转子、布置在转子的径向矩形截面通孔中若干沿转子圆周方向均匀分布的叶片以及在定子两侧布置并与定子同心安装的挡料盘等零件组成一个叶片塑化输运单元。该叶片塑化输运单元中，转子与定子的偏心距可以调整改变，其值大于0小于定子内腔半径与转子半径之差；定子内表面、转子外表面、两叶片及两挡料盘围成了上述方法中提到的具有确定几何形状的空间，转子旋转时，在转子直径上的一对叶片由于外侧顶面受定子的内表面约束在转子径向矩形截面通孔内往复移动，致使上述的空间容积由小到大再由大到小周期性变化；该空间容积由小变大时物料被逐渐纳入，该空间容积由大变小时物料在正应力的主要作用下被研磨、压实、排气，同时在来自定子的外加热辅助作用下熔融塑化并被排出，实现物料在很短的热机械历程内完成塑化输运过程。在该空间容积由小到大再由大到小周期性变化时，物料在流动和变形过程中通过的截面积也由小到大再由大到小周期性变化，因此物料的速度梯度与其流动和变形方向一致，这种流动与变形主要受正应力支配，可以认为这是基于拉伸流变的叶片塑化输运过程。多个叶片输送塑化单元串联叠加可以组合成全叶片塑化输运挤出机，叶片塑化输运单元与各种螺杆挤压单元或各种柱塞注射单元可以组合成各种挤出机或注射机的叶片塑化注射装置。
本发明采用基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法及设备，解决了螺杆塑化输运过程中塑化能力主要依赖物料与金属料筒表面之间的摩擦力和物料内摩擦力的问题，与螺杆塑化输运技术及设备相比，具有如下优点：
1、完成塑化输运过程所经历的热机械历程大大缩短，塑化输运能耗降低；
2、塑化输运靠特定形状的空间容积变化完成，具有完全正位移特性，效率提高；
3、塑化输运过程在很短的热机械历程内完成，相应的塑化输运设备体积缩小；
4、塑化输运能力不依赖于物料的物理特性，塑化输运稳定性提高，对物料适应性提高。
附图说明
图1为从挡料盘缺口纳入物料的叶片塑化输运单元结构示意图；
图2为从挡料盘缺口纳入物料的叶片塑化输运单元的A——A剖视图；
图3为从定子缺口纳入物料的叶片塑化输运单元结构示意图；
图4为从定子缺口纳入物料的叶片塑化输运单元的B——B剖视图；
图5为全叶片塑化挤出机结构示意图；
图6为全叶片塑化挤出机C——C剖视图；
图7为叶片、螺杆组合塑化挤出机结构示意图；
图8为叶片塑化注射装置结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
实施例1
参考图1、图2，叶片塑化输运单元主要由具有圆柱内腔的空心定子1、置于定子1内腔中并与定子1偏心的圆柱形转子2、布置在转子2的径向矩形截面通孔中两对沿转子2圆周方向均匀分布的叶片3、布置在转子两侧的挡料盘4和挡料盘5等组成。转子2偏心安装在空心定子1中，转子2与定子1的偏心量可以调整，其值大于0小于定子内腔半径与转子半径之差，叶片3成对安装在转子2的径向矩形截面通孔中，两叶片内侧底面相互接触，外部顶面与定子的内表面接触。当转子2逆时针方向旋转时，在转子2直径上的一对叶片3由于外侧顶面受定子1的内表面约束在转子径向矩形截面通孔内往复移动，致使定子1内表面、转子2外表面、叶片3、挡料盘4和挡料盘5围成的空间容积由小变大再由大变小周期性变化。在叶片3逐渐移出转子2的区域C内，容积由小变大；在叶片3逐渐移入转子2的区域D内，容积由大变小。当容积由小变大时可以通过挡料盘4上的进料缺口A纳入高分子材料，容积由大变小时，物料在正应力的主要作用下被研磨、压实、排气、塑化，同时在来自定子的外加热辅助作用下塑化熔融，并由挡料盘5上的出料缺口B排出。
参考图3与图4，容积由小变大时通过定子1上的进料口AA纳入物料；容积由大变小时，物料在拉(压)应力的主要作用下被研磨、压实、排气，同时在来自定子的外加热辅助作用下塑化熔融，并由挡料盘5上的出料缺口B排出。
实施例2
参考图5与图6，全叶片塑化挤出机主要由叶片塑化输运单元I、II、III和驱动轴1、料斗2、过渡套3、分流器4等零件组成。叶片塑化输运单元I、II、III串联叠加安装。塑化输运单元I的挡料盘5与塑化输运单元II的挡料盘4同心固定连接，塑化输运单元II的挡料盘5与塑化输运单元III的挡料盘4同心固定连接，过渡套8与塑化输运单元III的挡料盘5同轴固定连接。塑化输运单元I的定子1相对于转子2的偏心方向与塑化输运单元II的定子1相对于转子2的偏心方向相反，塑化输运单元III的定子1相对于转子2的偏心方向与塑化输运单元II的定子1相对于转子2的偏心方向相反。各塑化输运单元的转子2同轴固定连接，驱动轴1与塑化输运单元I的转子2同轴固定连接。分流器4被置于过渡套3的圆柱内腔中并与塑化输运单元III的转子2同轴固定连接。料斗2被固定安装在塑化输运单元I的定子1上。塑化输运单元I的挡料盘5上的出料缺口B与塑化输运单元II的挡料盘4上的进料缺口A相连通，塑化输运单元II的挡料盘5上的出料缺口B与塑化输运单元III的挡料盘4上的进料缺口A相连通。驱动轴1带动塑化输运单元I、II、III的转子2旋转时，来自料斗2的物料被纳入叶片塑化输运单元I，经塑化后依次进入塑化输运单元II、III中被进一步塑化和均化，再经连接在过渡套3上的模具挤出、冷却、定型得到制品。
实施例3
参考图7，叶片、螺杆组合塑化挤出机主要由叶片塑化单元I、螺杆挤压单元II和驱动轴1、料斗2等零件组成，其中，螺杆挤压单元II由料筒3、螺杆4组成。叶片塑化输运单元I和螺杆挤压单元II串联叠加安装，螺杆挤压单元II的料筒3与叶片塑化单元I的挡料盘5同轴固定连接，螺杆挤压单元II的螺杆4与叶片塑化单元I的转子2同轴固定连接3，驱动轴1与塑化输运单元I的转子2同轴固定连接。料斗2被固定安装在塑化输运单元I的定子1上。驱动轴1带动塑化输运单元I的转子2和螺杆挤压单元II的螺杆4旋转时来自料斗2的物料被纳入叶片塑化输运单元I，经塑化后进入螺杆挤压单元II中进一步塑化和均化，再经连接在螺杆挤压单元II的料筒3上的模具挤出、冷却、定型得到制品。
实施例4
参考图8，叶片塑化注射装置主要由全叶片塑化挤出机I、柱塞注射单元II和集料器1组成，其中，柱塞注射单元由注射油缸2、注射活塞3、注射料筒4、喷嘴5等零件组成。集料器1的进料端面与全叶片塑化挤出机I的过度套3上的出料端面固定连接，集料器1的出料端面与柱塞注射单元II的注射料筒4的进料端面固定连接。由全叶片塑化挤出机I塑化好的熔体经过集料器1进入柱塞注射单元II的注射料筒4中，在熔体的压力下柱塞注射单元II的注射活塞3后退，当柱塞注射单元II的注射料筒4中储料量达到注射制品要求的计量值时全叶片塑化挤出机I停止塑化，注射机的塑化计量工序结束。待注射机完成充模、保压工序后，在制品冷却阶段全叶片塑化挤出机I开始塑化，注射机开始制品成型的新一个周期。

Claims (9)

1.一种基于拉伸流变的高分子材料塑化输运方法，其特征在于通过一组具有确定几何形状的空间，它们的容积可以依次由小到大再由大到小周期性变化，容积变大时纳入物料，容积变小时压实、塑化并排出物料，实现正应力起主要作用的物料塑化输运。
2.一种实现权利要求1所述方法的设备，其特征在于由一个或一个以上叶片塑化输运单元组合构成，所述叶片塑化输运单元主要由具有圆柱内腔的空心定子(1)、圆柱形转子(2)、叶片(3)、挡料盘(4)和挡料盘(5)构成，其中转子(2)置于定子(1)的内腔并与定子(1)偏心，若干叶片(3)沿圆周方向均布在转子(2)的径向矩形截面通孔中，定子(1)两侧分别设挡料盘(4)和挡料盘(5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于转子(2)与定子(1)的偏心量(e)可调，范围在大于0小于定子(1)内腔半径与转子(2)半径之差之间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于叶片(3)在转子(2)直径上成对布置，不少于两对，一对叶片(3)的总高度小于定子(1)圆柱内腔直径，两叶片(3)内侧底面相互接触，转子(2)旋转时两叶片(3)外侧顶面受定子(1)的内表面约束在转子(2)的径向矩形截面通孔内往复移动。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于转子(2)旋转时，由定子(1)内表面、转子(2)外表面、叶片(3)、挡料盘(4)和挡料盘(5)围成的空间容积由小变大再由大变小周期性变化。
6.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于定子(1)两侧布置的挡料盘(4)和挡料盘(5)上分别开设有进料缺口(A)和出料缺口(B)，进料缺口(A)对应于叶片(3)逐渐移出转子(2)的区域(C)，出料缺口(B)对应于叶片(3)逐渐移入转子(2)的区域(D)。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于定子(1)一侧布置的挡料盘(5)上开设有出料缺口(B)，定子(1)上开设有进料口(AA)，并且对应于叶片(3)逐渐移出转子(2)的区域(C)。
8.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于多个叶片塑化输运单元可叠加组合成挤出机。
9.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于：叶片塑化输运单元可与各种螺杆挤压单元或各种柱塞注射单元组合成挤出机或注射机的叶片塑化注射装置。
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