CN104471303A - 用于从液化气罐填充加压气缸的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于从液化气罐填充加压气缸的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN104471303A
CN104471303A CN201380037568.4A CN201380037568A CN104471303A CN 104471303 A CN104471303 A CN 104471303A CN 201380037568 A CN201380037568 A CN 201380037568A CN 104471303 A CN104471303 A CN 104471303A
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cylinder
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CN104471303B (zh
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P·阿彭蒂尼耶
J-P·巴比尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于从液化气罐(1)填充加压气缸(7)的设备和方法,包括输送管道(10),所述输送管道包括连接至所述罐(1)的上游端和选择性地连接至至少一个加压气缸(7)的至少一个下游端,所述输送管道(10)包括用于气化从所述罐(1)抽取的液体的至少一个构件(5),其中,所述设备包括用于选择性地产生用于与所述至少一个气化构件(5)交换热量的空气流的构件(3),所述设备的特征在于,其包括将已经与所述气化构件(5)交换了热量的空气引导至位于输送管道(10)上游端的空间以便冷却待填充的气缸(7)的空气回路(4,8)。

Description

用于从液化气罐填充加压气缸的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于填充气缸的设备和方法。
背景技术
本发明更具体地涉及用于从液化气罐填充加压气缸的设备,该设备包括具有连接至所述罐的上游端和用于选择性地连接至至少一个加压气缸的至少一个下游端的输送管道,所述输送管道包括至少一个用于气化从所述罐抽取的液体的构件,所述设备包括用于选择性地产生空气流以便与所述至少一个气化构件交换热量的构件。
压缩气缸的填充由于绝热膨胀和绝热压缩现象的组合而在缸中产生热量。
所产生的热量通过气缸的壁耗散一部分。因此,当用氮气填充具有50升容量的钢瓶使其在35分钟内达到150bar的压力时(流率在500kg/小时的数量级),如果环境温度为37℃,所述瓶的最终温度达到56℃,增加了几乎20℃。
当气缸在热的环境(环境温度高于30℃或40℃)中、在更高压力(200巴、300巴或更高)下填充时,所述加热过程引起更多问题。
实际上,在填充过程中,气缸能达到其最大安全温度(例如当它们的旋塞配备有温控保险丝时为70℃)。为了避免所述问题,一种解决方案是在气缸被填充时冷却所述气缸。
一种解决方案包括在有空调的设施中填充气缸。文献US4556091中描述的另一种解决方案是利用喷洒在其外表面上的冷却剂来冷却气缸。文献US5934081中描述的另一种解决方案是降低引入气缸的气体的温度。
然而,这些解决方案都不能令人满意,显著原因是所述设施和/或电力消耗的成本。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服上述现有技术的全部或一部分缺点。
为此,根据本发明、并且也符合在上面的序言给出的一般定义的设备的主要特征在于,其包括引导已经与气化构件交换了热量的空气直至位于输送管道的下游端的空间以便冷却待填充的气缸的空气回路。
此外,本发明的实施例可包括下列特征的一个或多个:
-所述设备包括围绕输送管道的下游端限定出一空间的填充室,该填充室设置用于在气缸被填充时保持气缸周围的冷的环境,
-所述填充室被封闭或部分封闭,
-所述填充室由壁限定,其中至少一部分壁具有隔热结构,
-所述空气回路包括空气集管和连接至该空气集管的空气管道,所述空气集管定位成与气化构件相邻以便接收已经与构件(5)交换了热量的冷却空气,
-所述空气集管包括与所述气化构件的至少一部分表面相邻的第一开口端和连接至该空气集管的第二会聚端,
-所述设备包括用于起动该设备的构件,其选择性地控制所述气缸的填充的起动,用于起动的构件连接至用于选择性地产生空气流的构件,以便响应于气缸填充的起动而触发用于选择性地产生空气流的构件的起动,
-所述空气集管包括至少部分地隔热的结构,
-所述气化构件包括热交换器,所述集管的第一开口端具有对应于所述热交换器的表面的表面,
-空气回路由以下材料中的至少一种构成:铝,
-空气集管由以下材料中的至少一种构成:铝,
-至少一部分空气回路包括隔热的壁,
-所述液化气罐是双壁低温罐,两个壁之间为真空,
-所述输送管道包括至少一个加压气体缓冲储存位置,其位于气化构件和输送管道的下游端之间,
-空气回路的通向待填充的气缸的端部是扩张的,
-空气集管包括用于冷凝水的收集容器,
-空气集管此处包括缓冲容积和孔来控制所述空气流,
-所述输送管道包括泵以通过选择性的方式将液体从罐引向气化构件。
本发明还涉及用于从液化气罐填充一个或多个加压气缸的方法,其中液化气在被以气体形式引入一个或多个气缸前被气化,在液化气的气化过程中产生的冷量/负大卡的至少一部分被用于冷却待填充的气缸周围的环境。
根据其它可能的特征:
-冷量在气化构件中产生并通过强制空气流从气化构件输送到气缸,
-输送在气化构件中产生的冷量的强制空气流自动地和唯一地(uniquement)在用于填充气缸的操作过程中产生。
本发明还涉及包括上述或下述的特征的任意组合的任何替代装置或方法。
附图说明
其它特征和优点将通过阅读以下参考唯一附图的描述而显而易见,所述附图示出了示意性的和局部的视图,说明了根据本发明的填充设备的结构和操作的可能但非限制性的实施例。
具体实施方式
附图中示出的用于填充缸7的设备包括用于加压、冷藏、液化的气体例如液氮(或根据应用的其它气体)的罐1。所述罐1例如是在低温下储存液化冷藏加压形式的气体的低温真空隔离罐。所述设备通常包括具有连接至所述罐1的上游端和至少一个下游端的输送管道10,所述下游端用于选择性地连接至至少一个待填充的加压气缸7。所述输送管道10包括用于气化从所述罐1抽取的液体的至少一个构件5,例如液体/空气热交换器,其确保加压、冷藏、液化的气体被气化成压缩气体。如图所示,所述设备可包括用于将液化气体例如以介于250kg/小时和1000kg/小时之间(包括250和1000kg/hour)的速率选择性地引导至热交换器5的泵2。在气化构件5的下游,输送管道10可以包括一个或多个缓冲气罐6。最后,输送管道10的下游端选择性地连接至待填充的缸7。
根据本发明,所述设备包括用于选择性地产生空气流以便与气化构件5、例如风扇进行热交换的构件3。所述设备还包括将已经与气化构件5交换了热量的空气引导至位于输送管道10的下游端的空间以便冷却待填充的缸7周围的体积的空气回路4、8。
所述空气回路4、8包括空气集管4,该空气集管4定位成邻近气化构件5从而接收已经与气化构件5交换了热量的空气。空气回路还包括空气管道8,该空气管道8连接至所述空气集管4以便将所述冷却的空气输送至缸7。所述空气集管4优选地形成隔热的体积。例如,所述集管4形成铝的或任何其它合适的材料的盒子。
空气集管4优选包括邻近或抵靠气化构件5的至少一部分表面的第一开口端。空气集管4包括连接至空气管道8的第二会聚端。空气集管4的第一端具有例如开放表面,其定位成抵靠气化构件5并且尺寸(高度和宽度)对应于所述气化构件5的表面。即,从一侧进入气化构件5的全部热空气在另一侧上在空气集管4的孔中被回收冷却。
在其内部体积中,集管4优选包括设置有孔12以便控制流入其中的空气的缓冲区或体积。所述结构设置成例如用于使冷却空气流的循环速度标准化和/或用于限制湍流现象和/或使进入空气的体积最大化。
此外,空气集管4可包括——例如在其内部体积的底部部分中——用于冷凝水的收集容器14和/或冷凝水排出系统。
空气集管4优选包括第二会聚端,其引导构件的入口处的空气流以用于选择性地产生空气流。所述产生构件3优选为风扇3,其出口通向空气管道8。
风扇3可以根据所述设备的大小和特别地根据需要冷却的气化流体的流率来确定尺寸。例如,所述风扇3的尺寸可以设置成以5000Nm3/小时(标准立方米每小时)的流率供给。
因此,风扇3吸入暖空气并迫使它穿过气化构件-交换器5然后在空气管道8中产生冷却空气流,该空气管道8通向缸7被填充时所在的空间。
空气管道8优选为隔热管道,其具有例如介于200mm和900mm之间(包括200mm和900mm)的直径,优选为400mm的数量级,以避免运输冷却气体时压降过大。
空气管道8的下游端优选位于封闭的或部分封闭的外壳9中,该外壳在填充过程中容纳缸7,例如一个隔室,其壁部是隔热的。
空气管道8的通向待填充的缸7的所述端优选地扩张并例如定位于缸7的上方。
所述简单和低价的结构允许缸7在被填充时以有效方式被冷却,而不造成任何过度消耗。
这种设备的冷却能力可以在20KW和50KW之间(包括20KW和50KW)。
优选地,所述冷却(起动风扇3)仅在缸7被填充的时刻或刚好该时刻之前被触发。风扇3的起动可以根据用于起动缸7的填充的泵2的起动情况而定,例如借助于常见的起动构件(例如开关)。
这种设备的能量效率有利地解决了过度加热的问题,因为从气化构件5回收的冷却能量比在填充过程中在气缸中产生的加热能量大三到四倍。这证实了所述设备的有利性质,即使在液化气的气化过程中产生的冷量的回收率为25%时。
所述设备需要有限的投资和比已知解决方案更小的电力损耗。
所述设备对于在环境温度相对较高(30℃或更高)的地理区域中在200巴、300巴或更高压力下填充加压气缸(氮气或其他气体或混合物)特别有利。
所述设备能够特别地利用包括使用可用的强制空气流通的大气蒸发器的气化构件。例如,所述大气蒸发器可以是由Thermax Inc.以参考标号“CD50HF”出售的类型。所述大气蒸发器包括强制空气流通。所述蒸发器的强制空气流通的出口可以经由优选隔热的管道连接至所述输送管道的下游端,即外壳9中的待填充的缸7的位置。优选地,所述强制流通的空气在所述输送管道的下游端的上方通向所述外壳,即,在设置用于外壳9中的待填充的气缸的位置上方。
还优选地,并且如上所述,所述设备自动运行:一旦低温流体被气化,强制空气流通马上自动起动。

Claims (12)

1.用于填充加压气缸(7)的设备,该设备包括液化气罐(1),该设备包括输送管道(10),该输送管道包括连接至所述罐(1)的上游端和用于选择性地连接至至少一个加压气缸(7)的至少一个下游端,输送管道(10)包括用于气化从所述罐(1)抽取的液体的至少一个构件(5),所述设备包括用于选择性地产生空气流以便与所述至少一个气化构件(5)交换热量的构件(3),所述设备的特征在于包括空气回路(4,8),其用于将已经与气化构件(5)交换了热量的空气引导至位于所述输送管道(10)的下游端的空间以便冷却待填充的气缸(7),所述设备包括填充外壳(9),其限定出围绕所述输送管道(10)的下游端的空间,所述外壳(9)设置成用于围绕所述输送管道(10)的下游端、即在气缸被填充时围绕所述气缸保持冷的环境,所述空气回路(4,8)包括空气集管(4)和空气管道(8),所述空气集管(4)定位成与气化构件(5)相邻以便接收已经与构件(5)交换了热量的冷却空气,所述空气管道(8)的一端、所谓的上游端连接至空气集管(4),另一端、所谓的下游端位于所述外壳(9)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述填充外壳(9)是封闭的或部分封闭的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述填充外壳(9)由壁部限定,所述壁部的至少一部分具有隔热结构。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述空气集管(4)包括与所述气化构件(5)的至少一部分表面相邻的第一开口端和连接至所述空气管道(8)的第二会聚端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,所述气化构件(5)包括热交换器,所述集管(4)的第一开口端具有对应于所述交换器的表面的表面。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述设备包括用于起动该设备的构件(11),其选择性地控制所述气缸(7)的填充的起动,用于起动的所述构件(11)连接至用于选择性地产生空气流的构件(3),以便响应于气缸(7)的填充的起动而触发用于选择性地产生空气流的构件(3)的起动。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述输送管道(4)包括至少一个加压气体缓冲储存位置,其位于气化构件(5)和输送管道的下游端之间。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述空气回路(4,8)的通向待填充的气缸、即通向所述输送管道(10)的下游端的端部是扩张的。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述气化构件包括液体/空气热交换器。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述空气管道(8)的下游端通入所述外壳(9)的顶部中。
11.一种用于从液化气罐(1)填充一个或多个加压气缸(7)的方法,其中液化气体在被以气体形式引入所述一个或多个气缸(7)之前被气化,其特征在于,在液化气的气化过程中产生的冷量的至少一部分被用于冷却待填充的气缸(7)周围的环境,冷量在气化构件(5)中产生并被输送到空气中,所述冷却空气借助于从气化构件强制产生的空气流被输送至远达通过强制空气流保护气缸(7)的外壳(9)内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,输送在气化构件(5)中产生的冷量的强制空气流自动地和唯一地在用于填充气缸(7)的操作过程中产生。
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CN105333305A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2016-02-17 浙江海洋学院 可拆卸连接有内外换热片的液化天然气气化器
CN105318188A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2016-02-10 浙江海洋学院 固接外换热片可拆连接内换热片的液化天然气气化器
CN105299453A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2016-02-03 浙江海洋学院 立式设有除霜刮刀的液化天然气气化器
CN108870431A (zh) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-23 气体运输技术公司 用于冷却液化气体和/或其自然气化气体的装置和方法
CN108870431B (zh) * 2017-05-12 2022-10-04 气体运输技术公司 用于冷却液化气体和/或其自然气化气体的装置和方法

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WO2014013152A2 (fr) 2014-01-23
BR112015000860A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
US20150192249A1 (en) 2015-07-09
EP2872817A2 (fr) 2015-05-20
FR2993342B1 (fr) 2015-03-06
CN104471303B (zh) 2016-08-24

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