WO2011019284A1 - A plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (lng) as marine fuel - Google Patents

A plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (lng) as marine fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011019284A1
WO2011019284A1 PCT/NO2010/000299 NO2010000299W WO2011019284A1 WO 2011019284 A1 WO2011019284 A1 WO 2011019284A1 NO 2010000299 W NO2010000299 W NO 2010000299W WO 2011019284 A1 WO2011019284 A1 WO 2011019284A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
lng
gas
cooling
loop
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2010/000299
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jørn. M. JONAS
Original Assignee
Rondane Teknologi As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rondane Teknologi As filed Critical Rondane Teknologi As
Priority to EP10808415.3A priority Critical patent/EP2464563A4/en
Publication of WO2011019284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011019284A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
    • F17C2227/0386—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel with a jacket
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • a plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • the present invention relates to a plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel for use in a propulsion engine or another consumer in a ship, and a heater for vapourizing of LNG discharged from the tank for such use.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • Liquid natural gas marine fuel is stored in very cold, boiling (saturated) condition. It is not possible to keep natural gas in liquid form only by pressure. Some of the stored, cold LNG is continuously transformed to vapour inside the tank. This vapour is called boil-off gas. Boil-off gas is created because LNG is colder than ambient air and thus there will always be a heat transfer into the LNG which vapourizes LNG to gas.
  • the LNG is sent to the consumer either by tank pressure or by a pump inside the tank.
  • Natural gas is supplied to the gas consumer in gaseous form. LNG fuel must thus be vapourized before being sent to the consumer.
  • the vapourization is achieved by a heating medium outside the tank. Variations in gas consume is adjusted by adjusting heat input outside the tank.
  • WO 2009/063127 describes a heat transfer process by circulation of LNG, using LNG as cooling medium at a temperature corresponding to the LNG temperature in the tank.
  • the LNG cooling medium is circulated inside the bunkering piping in which the LNG flows during filling of the tank.
  • a flammable cooling medium is used, namely LNG.
  • the content in the tank is used as cooling medium, namely LNG.
  • Flammable gas represents a hazard in respect of explosion in certain operational conditions.
  • WO 2009/063127 hence describes an arrangement (purge connection) for removal of the flammable cooling medium; cf. page 3, lines 27, 28, 29 (last chapter on page 3) of page 7 lines 22, 23, 24 (second last chapter page 7).
  • JP 405248599 A describes a process that obtains energy recovery as available cooling capacity and as power from a turbine by an arrangement of cooling and heating needs in a LNG tank storage, gasification and supply system.
  • the main function of the system in which the invention is to be used is to supply gas to consumers on shore by evaporating LNG, and this function will under all operational conditions be possible by sufficient supply of heat in an evaporator.
  • the present invention is a plant adapted to cool down certain parts of an LNG tank filling, storage and gasification system.
  • the main function of the system in which the invention is to be used is to supply gas fuel to consumers on a ship and the invention is a system that shall improve the operational conditions of the gas storage and supply system.
  • JP 405248599 A mainly describes an energy recovery system, while the present invention is a system for which the function is to operate a LNG fuel storage system in a best possible way.
  • Cooling down of the bunkering pipe for more efficient operation is the primary function of the present invention.
  • the fact that the cooling medium is non flammable and as such acts as a protecting gas against explosion hazard outside the bunkering pipe is a main difference from the teaching of WO 2009/063127.
  • Cooling process details e.g. how to pressurize or expand the cooling medium, is not described.
  • the expansion process could be Joule Thompson expansion or expansion by turbo expander.
  • the piping for filling the tank is not cooled.
  • the tank filling piping is not exposed to cold gas during operation of the ship and has ambient temperature.
  • the liquid level in a LNG fuel tank is in general low before bunkering and the upper part of the tank will hence be warmer than the lower part of the tank which contains LNG.
  • the warmer tank filling piping and warmer upper tank volume will cause flashing of gas when the tank filling starts.
  • the flash gases will cause pressure pulses and prevent free flow of LNG into the tank and will thus cause longer time for filling the tank than if all piping and the tank were colder.
  • the entire tank system should be as cold as the LNG at bottom of the tank or colder.
  • an additional system to handle boil-off gas is required and one way to handle the boil-off gas is to cool the inner of the tank to compensate for the heat transfer into the tank.
  • a closed cooling loop is provided for cooling of the tank filling piping before filling of LNG in the tank and preferably also during filling of LNG in the tank.
  • the cooling loop contains a non flammable gas, such as nitrogen,
  • the loop surrounds the filling piping or a part thereof and causes cooling of the piping prior to filling of the tank and possibly also during filling of the tank.
  • the loop may also have a branch in the tank.
  • the temperature of the gas in the cooling loop is lower than the temperature of the LNG in the tank due to adiabatic expansion after heat exchanging with vapourizing LNG to be sent to the consumer.
  • the loop leads back to the suction side of the compressing device.
  • the cooling loop can be used to cool the filling piping, the tank space above the LNG level and the LNG in the bottom of the tank.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a plant according to the invention.
  • a closed heat exchanging loop 1 containing a gas in gaseous form is provided, preferably using nitrogen gas as heat exchanging medium.
  • the gas in the loop 1 is pressurized in a compressing device 2. After compression the LNG coming from the tank 7 in a pipe 8 is heat exchanged with the gas in the loop 1 in a heat exchanger 3 and the gas in the loop 1 is cooled. Then the gas in the loop 1 is sent through a pressure reduction device 4 and is then sent through one or more heat exchangers and back to the suction side of the compressing device 2.
  • the heat exchangers may comprise a jacket 5a surrounding tank filling piping and ribbed piping 5b inside the tank 7.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is for vapourizing LNG for use as fuel.
  • the LNG coming from the tank is heated by exchanging heat with the gas in the loop 1 before coming into the heat exchanger 6.
  • an internal cooling loop is provided.
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling loop is proportional with the rate of LNG that is to be vapourized for
  • the temperature of the cooling loop is made lower than LNG in the tank by adiabatic expansion after heat exchanging with vapourizing LNG.
  • the present invention can be used to cool down tank filling piping 9, the tank space above LNG level and to sub cooling of LNG in the bottom of the tank.
  • the purpose is to reduce or avoid flash gases which are causing pressure pulses during tank filling and thus achieve free flow of LNG into the tank.
  • Additional use of the present invention will be to utilize the cooling capacity to reduce or eliminate boil-off gas from LNG fuel tanks with max pressure of 0.7 bar g or lower, however preferably with a separation process that enables to release non condensable N 2 gas out from the tank.
  • This separation process can be achieved with known separation methods utilizing the possibility for very low temperature in the cooling loop after the adiabatic expansion through the pressure reduction device 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A plant comprising a tank (7) for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel for use in a propulsion engine or another consumer in a ship, and a heater (6) for vaporizing of LNG discharged from the tank (7) for such use. In order to cool tank filling piping (9) the plant comprises a closed heat exchanging loop (1) containing a non flammable gas in gaseous form as heat exchanging medium, a compressing device (2) for compressing the gas, a heat exchanger (3) for cooling of the compressed gas by use of LNG discharged from the tank, a pressure reduction device (4) for the gas and one or more heat exchangers (5a, 5b) for cooling of the tank filling piping (9). The loop (1) may also be used for cooling of LNG being filled into the tank (7) and for cooling inside the tank.

Description

A plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel.
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel for use in a propulsion engine or another consumer in a ship, and a heater for vapourizing of LNG discharged from the tank for such use.
Background of the invention
Liquid natural gas marine fuel is stored in very cold, boiling (saturated) condition. It is not possible to keep natural gas in liquid form only by pressure. Some of the stored, cold LNG is continuously transformed to vapour inside the tank. This vapour is called boil-off gas. Boil-off gas is created because LNG is colder than ambient air and thus there will always be a heat transfer into the LNG which vapourizes LNG to gas.
The LNG is sent to the consumer either by tank pressure or by a pump inside the tank. Natural gas is supplied to the gas consumer in gaseous form. LNG fuel must thus be vapourized before being sent to the consumer. The vapourization is achieved by a heating medium outside the tank. Variations in gas consume is adjusted by adjusting heat input outside the tank.
WO 2009/063127 describes a heat transfer process by circulation of LNG, using LNG as cooling medium at a temperature corresponding to the LNG temperature in the tank. The LNG cooling medium is circulated inside the bunkering piping in which the LNG flows during filling of the tank. A flammable cooling medium is used, namely LNG. The content in the tank is used as cooling medium, namely LNG. Flammable gas represents a hazard in respect of explosion in certain operational conditions. WO 2009/063127 hence describes an arrangement (purge connection) for removal of the flammable cooling medium; cf. page 3, lines 27, 28, 29 (last chapter on page 3) of page 7 lines 22, 23, 24 (second last chapter page 7).
JP 405248599 A describes a process that obtains energy recovery as available cooling capacity and as power from a turbine by an arrangement of cooling and heating needs in a LNG tank storage, gasification and supply system. The main function of the system in which the invention is to be used is to supply gas to consumers on shore by evaporating LNG, and this function will under all operational conditions be possible by sufficient supply of heat in an evaporator.
The present invention is a plant adapted to cool down certain parts of an LNG tank filling, storage and gasification system. The main function of the system in which the invention is to be used is to supply gas fuel to consumers on a ship and the invention is a system that shall improve the operational conditions of the gas storage and supply system.
There is a protecting inert gas flowing outside the bunkering pipe which is also used as cooling medium for cooling the bunkering pipe and with possibility for cooling in other heat exchangers.
JP 405248599 A mainly describes an energy recovery system, while the present invention is a system for which the function is to operate a LNG fuel storage system in a best possible way.
Cooling down of the bunkering pipe for more efficient operation is the primary function of the present invention. The fact that the cooling medium is non flammable and as such acts as a protecting gas against explosion hazard outside the bunkering pipe is a main difference from the teaching of WO 2009/063127.
Cooling process details, e.g. how to pressurize or expand the cooling medium, is not described. The expansion process could be Joule Thompson expansion or expansion by turbo expander.
In marine LNG fuel tank systems there is a need for heat input outside the LNG storage tank in order to vapourize LNG to gaseous form for consumption and at the same time there is a certain need for cooling in the tank system.
A cooling need arises prior to filling LNG fuel. Normally, the piping for filling the tank is not cooled. The tank filling piping is not exposed to cold gas during operation of the ship and has ambient temperature. The liquid level in a LNG fuel tank is in general low before bunkering and the upper part of the tank will hence be warmer than the lower part of the tank which contains LNG. The warmer tank filling piping and warmer upper tank volume will cause flashing of gas when the tank filling starts. The flash gases will cause pressure pulses and prevent free flow of LNG into the tank and will thus cause longer time for filling the tank than if all piping and the tank were colder. Preferably the entire tank system should be as cold as the LNG at bottom of the tank or colder. On non pressure LNG fuel tanks, defined to be tanks with max pressure of 0.7 bar g or lower, an additional system to handle boil-off gas is required and one way to handle the boil-off gas is to cool the inner of the tank to compensate for the heat transfer into the tank.
Summary of the invention
According to the present invention a closed cooling loop is provided for cooling of the tank filling piping before filling of LNG in the tank and preferably also during filling of LNG in the tank. The cooling loop contains a non flammable gas, such as nitrogen,
pressurized in a compressing device, and is heat exchanged with the LNG transferred to the consumer before the LNG is heated, whereby the gas is cooled, whereupon the gas is sent through a pressure reduction device. The loop surrounds the filling piping or a part thereof and causes cooling of the piping prior to filling of the tank and possibly also during filling of the tank. The loop may also have a branch in the tank. The temperature of the gas in the cooling loop is lower than the temperature of the LNG in the tank due to adiabatic expansion after heat exchanging with vapourizing LNG to be sent to the consumer. The loop leads back to the suction side of the compressing device.
Thus, the cooling loop can be used to cool the filling piping, the tank space above the LNG level and the LNG in the bottom of the tank.
An embodiment of the invention is scematically illustrated on the accompanying drawing. The Fig. schematically shows a plant according to the invention.
With the present invention a closed heat exchanging loop 1 containing a gas in gaseous form is provided, preferably using nitrogen gas as heat exchanging medium. The gas in the loop 1 is pressurized in a compressing device 2. After compression the LNG coming from the tank 7 in a pipe 8 is heat exchanged with the gas in the loop 1 in a heat exchanger 3 and the gas in the loop 1 is cooled. Then the gas in the loop 1 is sent through a pressure reduction device 4 and is then sent through one or more heat exchangers and back to the suction side of the compressing device 2. The heat exchangers may comprise a jacket 5a surrounding tank filling piping and ribbed piping 5b inside the tank 7.
The heat exchanger 6 is for vapourizing LNG for use as fuel. The LNG coming from the tank is heated by exchanging heat with the gas in the loop 1 before coming into the heat exchanger 6.
By the present invention an internal cooling loop is provided. The cooling capacity of the cooling loop is proportional with the rate of LNG that is to be vapourized for
consumption. The temperature of the cooling loop is made lower than LNG in the tank by adiabatic expansion after heat exchanging with vapourizing LNG.
The present invention can be used to cool down tank filling piping 9, the tank space above LNG level and to sub cooling of LNG in the bottom of the tank. The purpose is to reduce or avoid flash gases which are causing pressure pulses during tank filling and thus achieve free flow of LNG into the tank.
Additional use of the present invention will be to utilize the cooling capacity to reduce or eliminate boil-off gas from LNG fuel tanks with max pressure of 0.7 bar g or lower, however preferably with a separation process that enables to release non condensable N2 gas out from the tank. This separation process can be achieved with known separation methods utilizing the possibility for very low temperature in the cooling loop after the adiabatic expansion through the pressure reduction device 4.

Claims

Claims
1. A plant comprising a tank (7) for storing of liquid natural gas (LNG) as marine fuel for use in a propulsion engine or another consumer in a ship, and a heater (6) for vapourizing of LNG discharged from the tank (7) for such use,
c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y comprising a closed heat exchanging loop (1) containing a non flammable gas in gaseous form as heat exchanging medium, a compressing device (2) for compressing the gas, a heat exchanger (3) for cooling of the compressed gas by use of LNG discharged from the tank, a pressure reduction device (4) for the gas and one or more heat exchangers (5a, 5b) for cooling of tank filling piping (9), for possible cooling of LNG being filled into the tank and for possible cooling inside the tank.
2. A plant according to claim 1, in which the loop (1) comprises a branch (5b) into the tank (7).
3. A plant according to claim 1 or 2, in which a heat exchanger (5a) for cooling of the tank filling piping (9) is a jacket surrounding the piping or a part thereof.
PCT/NO2010/000299 2009-08-12 2010-08-06 A plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (lng) as marine fuel WO2011019284A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10808415.3A EP2464563A4 (en) 2009-08-12 2010-08-06 A plant comprising a tank for storing of liquid natural gas (lng) as marine fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20092829 2009-08-12
NO20092829A NO336683B1 (en) 2009-08-12 2009-08-12 Installations that include a tank for storing liquid natural gas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011019284A1 true WO2011019284A1 (en) 2011-02-17

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2464563A4 (en)
NO (1) NO336683B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011019284A1 (en)

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CN106523194A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-03-22 成都九门科技有限公司 Engine system and control method
CN112469624A (en) * 2018-01-25 2021-03-09 韩国造船海洋株式会社 Volatile organic compound processing system and ship
CN113357537A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-09-07 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 Marine LNG filling system and operation method
WO2022058543A1 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-03-24 Rondane Teknologi As A system for conditioning of lng

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AU2017381785B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-04-16 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Vessel for the transport of liquefied gas and method of operating the vessel

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106523194A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-03-22 成都九门科技有限公司 Engine system and control method
CN112469624A (en) * 2018-01-25 2021-03-09 韩国造船海洋株式会社 Volatile organic compound processing system and ship
CN112469624B (en) * 2018-01-25 2023-11-03 韩国造船海洋株式会社 Volatile organic compound treatment system and ship
WO2022058543A1 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-03-24 Rondane Teknologi As A system for conditioning of lng
NO346152B1 (en) * 2020-09-21 2022-03-28 Rondane Teknologi As A system for conditioning of LNG
CN113357537A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-09-07 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 Marine LNG filling system and operation method
CN113357537B (en) * 2021-07-05 2023-02-21 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 Marine LNG filling system and operation method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2464563A4 (en) 2017-11-29
NO336683B1 (en) 2015-10-19
NO20092829A1 (en) 2011-02-14
EP2464563A1 (en) 2012-06-20

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