CN104471199A - 用于支持电网频率的方法 - Google Patents

用于支持电网频率的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104471199A
CN104471199A CN201380037195.0A CN201380037195A CN104471199A CN 104471199 A CN104471199 A CN 104471199A CN 201380037195 A CN201380037195 A CN 201380037195A CN 104471199 A CN104471199 A CN 104471199A
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steam
turbine
middle pressure
power
throttling
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马丁·本瑙尔
埃德温·戈布雷希特
马蒂亚斯·霍伊
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于支持能量产生设备的电网频率的方法，其中借助于未被节流的高压阀运行能量产生设备并且在电网频率下降时取消对中压阀的节流。

Description

用于支持电网频率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于支持包括蒸汽轮机的能量产生设备的电网频率的方法，其中所述蒸汽轮机包括高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机，其中在所述中压子涡轮机上游设置有中压阀。
背景技术
燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站作为能量产生设备的实施方式通常包括燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机和发电机，所述发电机以转矩耦合的方式与燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机连接。在市政供电的领域中，在这样的燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站中主要使用燃气轮机以辅助电网频率。这通过在电网频率提高时降低燃气轮机的功率且在电网频率下降时提高燃气轮机的功率的方式实现。蒸汽轮机的功率基本上以一定的延迟跟随燃气轮机的功率，所述延迟与蒸汽发生器的惯性关联。由此蒸汽轮机不主动地参与频率支持。
蒸汽发电站通常包括蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机和电发电机。在这样的蒸汽发电站中，蒸汽轮机借助于被节流的新鲜蒸汽阀和降低的锅炉功率来运行用于频率支持。如果电网频率下降，那么取消节流并且提高锅炉功率。然而由于打开新鲜蒸汽阀新鲜蒸汽系统中的压力下降，其中由于压力下降，与在该锅炉功率下的静态运行相比短时间内更多的水被蒸发。由此新鲜蒸汽质量流升高。涡轮机功率也短暂地随新鲜蒸汽质量流升高。除了打开新鲜蒸汽阀之外，同时提高锅炉功率。当然，该改变是缓慢的。这表示：有效地通过取消节流得到快速的功率提高，但是所述功率提高也再次快速地减弱。
用于短暂的功率提高的另一个可行的措施是：在纯蒸汽发电站中完全或部分地断开预热路径。由此提高穿过蒸汽轮机的质量流，由于源自锅炉功率提高的缓慢的、但是持续的功率提高，这引起电功率的提高和功率降低的补偿。总的来说，通过所有这些效果的组合能够实现快速且持续的功率提高，所述功率提高通常满足受合同约束的电网要求。
由于馈入可再生能量、例如太阳能或风能，这引起电网中更高的波动。由此也日渐有下述要求：燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站中的蒸汽轮机也参与频率支持。通常不期望的是，燃气轮机在燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站中以降低的功率运行。尽管与在纯蒸汽发电站中的锅炉功率相比燃气轮机功率能够明显更快地提高，但是蒸汽轮机参与进一步的功率提高是期望的。除此此外需考虑的是：类似于在蒸汽发电站中存在的预热路径的预热路径，在燃气和蒸汽轮机过程中不存在。
如今，通过下述方式实现这些要求：在燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站中对高压子涡轮机上游的新鲜蒸汽阀节流。然而燃气和蒸汽轮机发电站中的燃气轮机不应当持续地以降低的功率运行。
因此，燃气轮机在全负荷的情况下运行并且蒸汽轮机借助于被节流的阀运行。如果现在在功率提高的情况下取消节流，那么功率由于释放而短暂地提高，然而仅持续地保持对应于节流损失的功率增益。蒸汽轮机除了该短暂的效果之外的其它参与至今为止还未被考虑。
发明内容
关于这一点本发明的目的是提供一种在能量产生设备运行时的更好的方法。
该目的通过一种用于支持包括蒸汽轮机的能量产生设备的电网频率的方法来实现，其中蒸汽轮机包括高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机，其中在中压子涡轮机上游设置有中压阀，其中能量产生设备借助于未被节流的高压阀运行。
因此，本发明基于下述思想：对中压阀节流来代替对高压阀节流。这基本上具有两个效果。一方面，高压子涡轮机的功率输出由此变得更小，因为膨胀通过冷的中间再加热装置中的压力提高变小。此外，中压子涡轮机的功率输出更小，因为节流损失在中压侧上发生。
所期望的效果是：例如在燃气和蒸汽轮机设备中燃气轮机能够在全功率的情况下运行，其中蒸汽轮机借助于被节流的中压阀和提高的中间再加热器压力来运行。如果电网频率下降，那么在电网频率下降时能够取消对中压阀的节流，由此持续地提供更多的功率。
在从属权利要求中举出其他有利的改进形式。
根据本发明的效果是：蒸汽轮机现在加强地参与功率提高进而能够将更大的功率更快速地馈入到电网中。因此能够满足负载分配器的要求。另一个效果是：总效率提高。
基本上，对于负载下降而言也能够相同的方法，这出于频率支持观点同样是需要的。
附图说明
根据一个实施例详细阐述本发明。
其中
附图示出HS图表。
具体实施方式
燃气和蒸汽发电站基本上包括蒸汽轮机和燃气轮机，其中电发电机通常以传递转矩的方式耦联在燃气和蒸汽轮机之间。本发明也可应用于燃气和蒸汽轮机设备，所述燃气和蒸汽轮机设备具有多个轴。同样地，本发明也能够应用于纯的蒸汽发电站。从燃气轮机中流出的热的燃气流用于在蒸汽发生器中产生用于蒸汽轮机的蒸汽。蒸汽轮机通常划分成高压、中压和低压子涡轮机。新鲜蒸汽首先流到高压子涡轮机中。蒸汽在高压子涡轮机下游流动经过中间再加热器，在那里蒸汽达到更高的温度并且随后流到中压子涡轮机中。在中压子涡轮机下游，蒸汽流到低压子涡轮机中，其中在低压子涡轮机下游蒸汽又在冷凝器中转换成水。
在高压子涡轮机上游，在新鲜蒸汽管道中设置有新鲜蒸汽阀，所述新鲜蒸汽阀调节通过新鲜蒸汽管道的通流。在中压子涡轮机上游设置有中压阀，所述中压阀同样构成为，使得该中压阀能够调节穿过中压入口至中压子涡轮机的通流。
因此，燃气和蒸汽轮机设备借助于被节流的中压阀运行，其中在电网频率下降时取消对中压阀的节流。这辅助用于辅助燃气和蒸汽轮机设备的电网频率的方法，其中燃气和蒸汽轮机设备借助于未被节流的高压阀运行。燃气轮机基本上在全功率的情况下运行。如果在电网频率下降时需要更多的功率，那么能够取消对中压阀的节流并且持续地提供更多的功率。
附图示出根据本发明的燃气和蒸汽轮机设备的相应的焓熵图。线1示出根据现有技术的燃气和蒸汽轮机设备。线2示出根据本发明的燃气和蒸汽轮机设备的HS图的改变的曲线，其中在此示出借助于被节流的中压阀的曲线。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于支持包括蒸汽轮机的能量产生设备的电网频率的方法，
其中所述蒸汽轮机包括高压子涡轮机和中压子涡轮机，
其中在所述中压子涡轮机上游设置有中压阀，
其中借助于未被节流的高压阀运行能量产生设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中借助于被节流的中压阀运行所述能量产生设备并且在电网频率下降时取消对所述中压阀的节流。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其中所述能量产生设备构成为燃气和蒸汽轮机设备。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其中所述燃气轮机基本上在全功率下运行。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其中所述能量产生设备构成为蒸汽发电站。
6.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，
其中所述中压子涡轮机以流体的方式耦联到中间再加热单元上。
CN201380037195.0A 2012-07-12 2013-06-13 用于支持电网频率的方法 Pending CN104471199A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12176050.8A EP2685055A1 (de) 2012-07-12 2012-07-12 Verfahren zur Stützung einer Netzfrequenz
EP12176050.8 2012-07-12
PCT/EP2013/062202 WO2014009092A1 (de) 2012-07-12 2013-06-13 Verfahren zur stützung einer netzfrequenz

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US (1) US20150135721A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP2685055A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6040310B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104471199A (zh)
IN (1) IN2014DN10553A (zh)
PL (1) PL2859195T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014009092A1 (zh)

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