CN104447335A - 一种可作抗肿瘤药物或食品的化合物 - Google Patents
一种可作抗肿瘤药物或食品的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种用作抗肿瘤药物或肿瘤预防保健食品的化合物,其以下述结构式所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型化合物、抗肿瘤剂以及具有抗肿瘤作用的医药品、食品或化妆品。
背景技术
抗肿瘤剂·癌抑制剂·抗癌剂大体上是选择选择性地作用于肿瘤细胞而对正常细胞毒性较小的制剂,但是还有很多使用上的问题仍未得到解决,例如由骨髓抑制引起的白血球减少、血小板减少、中性粒细胞减少等致命副作用的出现,恶心·呕吐等消化系统障碍的副作用的出现,及脱发等副作用的出现,抗药性的出现,以及因为难于口服给药的药剂多而使给药途径受到限制等。因此,期望开发出选择性地作用于肿瘤细胞而对正常细胞毒性极少、给药途径限制少的抗肿瘤剂·癌抑制剂·抗癌剂。
作为从天然物中得到的抗肿瘤剂,已知有大量的化合物,例如有丝裂霉素C、喜树碱、三萜化合物等大量的报道。此外,作为以天然物为先导化合物的抗肿瘤剂,已知有紫杉醇衍生物、紫杉烷衍生物等。作为有关预测与本化合物相关、或者与本化合物的生物合成体系、分解体系相关的萘醌系的抗肿瘤剂的内容,有关于来自白花蛇舌草的报道。此外,作为与萘醌系抗肿瘤剂相关的合成化合物,已知有与呋喃萘醌衍生物相关的抗肿瘤剂。
发明内容
本发明的新型化合物,可将白花蛇舌草作为原料通过提取·纯化工序得到,也可从其它植物体内得到。此外,也可使用通过合成得到的新型化合物。而且还可使用白花蛇舌草、从含有新型化合物的其它植物体中提取得到的提取物、粗纯化物、或植物体的干燥物、植物体的浆料。
从白花蛇舌草等植物体中提取·纯化本发明的新型化合物时,可使用通常工业上使用的任何提取·纯化工序。将作为原料的植物叶、茎、根、花等在适当时期采集后,直接或者实施通常通风干燥等的干燥工序,制成提取原料。
即:将原料粉碎或切碎后,用溶剂进行提取,作为提取溶剂,可将水,乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇等醇类,丙酮、甲基乙基酮等酮类,乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯等酯类,己烷、氯仿等亲油性的溶剂单独使用或形成混合溶剂使用。提取温度通常为0~100℃,优选为5~50℃。提取时间为1小时~10天左右,溶剂量为平均每份干燥原料通常为1~30倍重量,优选为5~10倍重量。提取操作可通过搅拌,也可通过浸渍放置进行。提取操作可根据需要重复进行2~3次。从用上述操作得到的粗提取液中通过过滤或离心分离而除去不溶性残渣后的提取液中、或者从植物的榨汁液中纯化各新型化合物的方法,只要是公知的生药分离纯化方法,可采用任何方法,但优选单独或组合使用两相溶剂分配法、逆流分配法、柱色谱法、制备型高效液相色谱法等。例如作为两相溶剂分配法,可例举通过在正己烷、氯仿、甲基乙基酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯等溶剂和水中进行分配,从而将目标化合物从上述提取液中回收到溶剂相中的方法等。作为柱色谱法,可例举离子交换柱色谱法、使用正相或 反相硅胶作为载体的方法、使用DIAION HP-20等的吸附柱色谱法、使用SephadexLH-20等的修饰葡聚糖凝胶作为载体的凝胶过滤法等,可以将这些方法单独或组合使用、或者反复地使用。作为制备型高效液相色谱法,可例举使用十八烷基硅等的反相柱的方法,使用硅胶等的正相柱的方法等。
作为本发明抗肿瘤剂的给药途径,无特别限定,例如可例举口服给药·直肠内给药等肠内给药,经鼻给药等的粘膜给药,静脉内给药·皮下给药等的注射给药等。作为本发明抗肿瘤剂的剂型,可采取任何与给药方法相适合的制剂的形态,例如可例举片剂、散剂、细粒剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、粉末、丸剂、含片剂等固体制剂,溶液、悬浮液、乳剂、糖浆剂、注射剂等液体制剂,凝胶制剂等。可将各新型化合物的纯品、纯化物、粗纯化物等直接给药,也可与药理上允许的赋型剂一同给药。作为赋型剂,只要是单糖类、二糖类、多糖类、无机盐类、油脂、蒸馏水等作为制剂通常可使用的赋型剂,可使用任何赋型剂。进行制剂化时,也可使用粘合剂、润滑剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂、细菌抑制剂等添加剂。
各新型化合物的有效给药量,根据给药途径、剂型、疾病的症状、对象的年龄等的不同而不同,通常成人平均每天为0.1~1000mg、优选为0.5~300mg、进一步优选为1~100mg。本发明的口服抗肿瘤剂中的各新型化合物的含量,可根据制剂的形态·有效给药量·作为制剂的给药量的数据来设定与各给药形态最适合的制剂中的有效成分含量。
作为食品的形态,可例举将白花蛇舌草及含有各新型化合物的植物体的干燥物制成茶的形态,或配合有各新型化合物的纯品、该新型化合物的部分纯化品、从含有该新型化合物的植物中提取的该新型化合物的粗提取物、含有该新型化合物的植物体浆料、含有该新型化合物的植物体干燥物的食品等。
作为茶,可单独或与其他茶原料混合使用。作为其它茶原料,只要是绿茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶、红茶、煎茶、糙米茶、杜仲茶、柿叶茶、桑叶茶等通常作为 茶可食用的原料,可使用任何茶原料。
要得到植物提取物时,只要是用热水提取,用乙醇、含水乙醇提取等通常食品提取中可使用的方法,可使用任何方法。可通过常法从植物体中得到各新型化合物的粗提取物、部分纯化品。
作为本发明的具有抗肿瘤作用的食品的形态,除茶以外,只要是保健饮料、果冻、饼干、片剂、丸剂、软胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、散剂、细粒剂、颗粒剂等通常作为食品可提供的形态,可使用任何形态。作为副原料,也可使用赋型剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂、细菌抑制剂等添加剂。
本发明具有抗肿瘤作用的食品的各新型化合物的有效摄取量,根据摄取形态、对象的健康状态、对象的年龄等的不同而不同,但通常成人平均每天为0.001~100mg,优选为0.01~10mg,进一步优选为0.1~1mg。
本发明具有抗肿瘤作用的食品中的各新型化合物的含量,根据食品形态的不同而不同,但通常为0.0001~1wt%,优选为0.001~0.5wt%,更优选为0.01~0.1wt%。
作为本发明的外用医药品及化妆品的形态的例子,无特别限定。
作为外用医药品的形态,例如可例举软膏剂、霜剂、糊剂、胶带剂、外用剂等。本发明的医药品,在各新型化合物的基础上,可根据需要含有其它医药成分,此外,也可使用粘合剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂、细菌抑制剂等添加剂。
作为化妆品的形态,可使用化妆水、美容液、乳液、乳霜、凝胶、面膜、美容粉饼、洗面奶、浴用剂等作为外用剂·化妆品制剂可使用的任何形态。在上述化妆品中,在各新型化合物的纯品、该新型化合物的部分纯化品、从植物中提取的该新型化合物的粗提取物、或含有该新型化合物的植物体等必需成分的基础上,也可根据需要含有可在化妆品制剂中配合的成分。作为配合成分,例如可例举固体油、半固体油、液体油、低分子 保湿剂、高分子保湿剂、脂溶性保湿剂、润肤剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、乙醇、水等。
各新型化合物在外用时的有效给药量,根据对象的症状、对象的年龄的不同而不同,但通常成人平均每天为0.001~100mg,优选为0.01~10mg,进一步优选为0.1~1mg。
本发明的抗肿瘤剂、医药品、化妆品中的各新型化合物的含量,单独或作为混合物时通常为0.0001~1wt%,优选为0.001~0.5wt%,更优选为0.01~0.1wt%。
实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。应该理解的是,本发明实施例所述方法仅仅是用于说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。实施例中用到的所有原料和溶剂均购自Sigma Biochemical and Organic Compounds for Research and Diagnostic Clinical Reagents公司。
实施例1:式I化合物的制备
在室温下,用25L的90%(v/v)乙醇对干燥白花蛇舌草(5Kg)进行每次24小时共计3次的提取,将这些合并在一起后进行浓缩,得到干固物(407g)。接着,使其在7L的90%(v/v)甲醇中悬浮溶解后,用等量的己烷进行3次分配后,取出90%(v/v)甲醇相进行减压浓缩。在该减压浓缩物中加入纯水至5L,移入分液漏斗中用氯仿进行3次两相溶剂分配。接着将通过该操作得到的氯仿相合并在一起,得到干固物69.3g。 将其中69.0g供给将己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱溶剂的硅胶柱色谱法(80mmφ×150mm、关东化学株式会社制)。即:用3BV的洗脱溶剂己烷/乙酸 乙酯(9∶1)、及2BV的洗脱溶剂己烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)依次将柱洗涤后,用2BV的洗脱溶剂己烷/乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱,得到组分B(干固物5.66g)。接着,对于组分B(干固物2.8g),将甲醇作为洗脱溶剂而实施SephadexLH-20柱色谱法(20mmφ×200mm、Pharmacia公司制)。即:用1.5BV的甲醇将柱洗涤后,用0.5BV的甲醇洗脱,得到组分B-1(干固物1.16g)。接着,将组分B-1(干固物1.1g)供给将水/甲醇作为洗脱溶剂的Flash ODS柱色谱法(20mmφ×100mm、野村化学公司制)。即:用180ml的50%(v/v)甲醇将Flash ODS柱洗涤后,逐步地依次用60%(v/v)甲醇、70%(v/v)甲醇洗涤,然后用80%(v/v)甲醇洗脱,得到含有目标新型化合物F的组分B-1-2(干固物429mg)。接着,用将己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱溶剂的硅胶柱色谱法(20mmφ×150mm、关东化学株式会社制)将组分B-1-2(干固物429mg)区分。即:用2BV的洗脱溶剂己烷/乙酸乙酯(8∶2)将硅胶柱洗涤后,用1BV的洗脱溶剂己烷/乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱,得到组分B-1-2-2(干固物32.9mg)。用制备型高效液相色谱法(ODS柱、20mmφ×250mm、野村化学公司制,流动相:55%(v/v)乙腈,检测:280nm UV检测器)对组分B-1-2-2(干固物32.9mg)进行纯化,通过进一步用制备型高效液相色谱法(C-30柱、20mmφ×250mm、野村化学公司制,流动相:55%(v/v)乙腈,检测:254nm UV检测器)进行纯化,得到式I化合物(干固物10.3mg)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ1.00(H-12and H-13,6H,s)、1.08(H-10’,3H,s)、1.13(H-8’,3H,d)、1.46(H-5’,1H,m)、1.66(H-5’,1H,m)、1.79(H-9’,3H,s)、2.08(H-4’,1H,m)、2.23(H-4’,1H,m)、2.69(H-9,2H,s)、3.20(6’,3H,s)、3.80(H-7’,1H,q)、3.89(H-11,2H,s)、6.70(H-3’,1H,t)、7.66(H-7,1H,t)、7.73(H-6,1H,t)、8.06(H-8, 1H,d)、8.09(H-5,1H,d).
实施例2:抗肿瘤活性测试
抗肿瘤作用试验通过测定对于来自人体的黑色素瘤细胞株HMV-II的增殖抑制活性来进行。
使用含有10%(v/v)胎牛血清的Ham F12培养基,在96孔培养平板(NUNC)上以1×104cells/90μl的细胞浓度接种来自人体的黑色素瘤细胞株HMV-II,在37℃、5%二氧化碳气体存在下,进行24小时培养。培养24小时后,加入本发明的式I化合物(溶解在DMSO中,培养基中的最终DMSO浓度=0.1%(v/v),此外,将在仅添加1/1000体积量的DMSO的培养基上培养的细胞株作为对照组),进而在37℃、5%二氧化碳气体存在下培养24小时。细胞增殖度的测定使用噻唑蓝(MTT)[3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑Nacalai Tesque][(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazol ium bromide)]的方法进行[参照株式会社东京化学同人发行,新生物化学实验讲座12分子免疫学I免疫细胞·细胞因子358-359页]。即:加入上述各新型化合物培养24小时后,在96孔培养平板(0.33cm2/well)的各孔的培养液90μl中加入10μl的MTT溶液{5mg/ml;在无钙·镁PBS[杜氏磷酸缓冲液(Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline)]溶液中溶解后,经膜过滤器(0.22μm)过滤后的溶液},进行振荡使其均匀,在37℃、5%二氧化碳气体存在下培养4小时。培养4小时后在各孔中加入10%(w/v)SDS-50%(v/v)N,N-二甲基甲酰胺-0.005N盐酸溶液100μl,在37℃、5%二氧化碳气体存在下静置18小时后,使用免疫检测仪(immuno reader)(大日本制药株式会社制),以750nm作为对照,测定590nm处的吸光度,作为细胞增殖度的指标。本发明的式I化合物在10μg/ml的浓度下,增值率为81%。可以确认本发明式I化合物对来自人体的黑色素瘤细胞株(HMV-II)的优异增殖抑制活性。
Claims (3)
1.一种化合物,其特征在于其以下述结构式所示:
I。
2.一种抗肿瘤的组合物,其特征在于含有式I所示的化合物以及药物上可接受的助剂。
3.一种保健食品,其特征在于含有式I所示的化合物。
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