CN104428072A - 清管器和使用清管器的方法 - Google Patents

清管器和使用清管器的方法 Download PDF

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CN104428072A
CN104428072A CN201380036595.XA CN201380036595A CN104428072A CN 104428072 A CN104428072 A CN 104428072A CN 201380036595 A CN201380036595 A CN 201380036595A CN 104428072 A CN104428072 A CN 104428072A
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wiper
pipeline
circular brush
liquid
brush
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CN104428072B (zh
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J·G·布罗泽
Y·李
X·周
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
    • B05D7/222—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes of pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C7/00—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C7/00—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work
    • B05C7/06—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work by devices moving in contact with the work
    • B05C7/08—Apparatus specially designed for applying liquid or other fluent material to the inside of hollow work by devices moving in contact with the work for applying liquids or other fluent materials to the inside of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B05D7/146—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies to metallic pipes or tubes
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    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
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    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/164—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a sealing fluid being introduced in the pipe
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/1645—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a sealing material being introduced inside the pipe by means of a tool moving in the pipe
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/1645—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a sealing material being introduced inside the pipe by means of a tool moving in the pipe
    • F16L55/16455—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a sealing material being introduced inside the pipe by means of a tool moving in the pipe a part of the tool defining, together with the inner wall of the pipe, an enclosed space into which sealing material is injected
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16L55/18—Appliances for use in repairing pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
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    • F16L58/10—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics
    • F16L58/1009—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics the coating being placed inside the pipe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
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    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/049—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes having self-contained propelling means for moving the cleaning devices along the pipes, i.e. self-propelled
    • B08B9/051—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes having self-contained propelling means for moving the cleaning devices along the pipes, i.e. self-propelled the cleaning devices having internal motors, e.g. turbines for powering cleaning tools
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Abstract

一种用于润湿管道的顶部内表面的清管器，所述清管器包括：清管器本体；附接到所述清管器本体的一个或多个圆形刷；和用于使得所述一个或多个圆形刷在清管器运动通过所述管道时旋转的装置。

Description

清管器和使用清管器的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2012年7月12日提交的美国临时申请No.61/670,850的权益，在此将该美国临时申请以引用方式并入本发明。
技术领域
本发明涉及包括一个或多个圆形刷的清管器。
背景技术
用于运送油和气的管道常常因油和气中的多种组分而遭受腐蚀。一种类型的腐蚀被称作管道顶部腐蚀，并且在液体(尤其是水)凝结在管道的顶部内表面上时，导致了这种类型的腐蚀。当管道在组合的气/液流中操作使得流的液体部分仅仅接触管道的内表面的一部分时发生这种类型的腐蚀。这种腐蚀通常是由气中的污染物(诸如，二氧化碳、硫化氢和/或有机酸)和因管道中的压力和温度变化而引起的水凝结而导致的。
腐蚀抑制剂通常随着油和气被注入到管道中，以防止腐蚀，但是当管道没有在全液状态中操作时，则腐蚀抑制剂将不会接触管道的顶部内表面。结果，不存在一种利用腐蚀抑制剂处理管道的顶部内表面的有效方式。这种凝结尤其普遍存在于管道的靠近井口的部分处，在该处，油和气随着其离开井而冷却。
与在US 5,903,946中公开的清管器类似的传统清管器可用于在清管器沿着轴向方向运动通过管时清理管的内部。即使在清理管道时，管道也通常没有充全液体，并且也不存在一种确保清管操作期间注入的腐蚀抑制剂将导致腐蚀抑制剂和管道的顶部内表面之间完全接触的方式。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于润湿管道的顶部内表面的清管器，所述清管器包括：清管器本体；附接到清管器本体的一个或多个圆形刷；和用于使得所述一个或多个圆形刷随着清管器运动通过管道而旋转的装置。
本发明还提供了一种用于润湿管道的顶部内表面的方法，所述方法包括使得清管器通过管道，其中，清管器包括：清管器本体；附接到清管器本体的一个或多个圆形刷；和用于使得所述一个或多个圆形刷随着清管器运动通过管道而旋转的装置，并且其中，当所述圆形刷旋转时，容纳在管道中的液体被向上推动以接触管道的顶部内表面。
本发明还提供了一种将腐蚀抑制剂保持在清管器的前圆盘和后圆盘之间并且从而允许分批进行腐蚀抑制剂处理(与昂贵的连续腐蚀抑制剂注入相比)的方法。
附图说明
图1示出了管道中的不同流态；
图2示出了根据本发明的清管器具有位于清管器中部的刷的一个实施例；
图3示出了根据本发明的清管器具有位于前部的一个刷的另一个实施例；
图4示出了根据本发明的清管器具有位于前部的两个刷的另一个实施例；
图5示出了其中一个刷的视图，示出了作为用于旋转的装置的电动机；
图6示出了根据本发明的清管器的另一个实施例，示出了作为用于旋转的装置的轮；
图7A示出了根据本发明的清管器的另一个实施例，示出了作为用于旋转的装置的锥齿轮；
图7B示出了图7A中示出的刷的视图，示出了作为用于旋转的装置的齿轮。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种清管器，该清管器可用于通过确保注入到管道中的腐蚀抑制剂与管道的顶部内表面相接触来防止顶部腐蚀。尤其是参照附图在此更加详细地描述了清管器的实施例和用于使得清管器旋转以确保液体被运送到管道的顶部内表面的装置。
在管道中可能遭遇多种流态，包括：全液流、气泡流、活塞流、层流、波流、段塞流、环流、雾流和气体流。下面将参照图1来进一步描述这些流态。全液流流态是当整个管道充满流体并且在管道中不存在气体时的流态。这是能够确保注入到管道中的腐蚀抑制剂接触管道的顶部内表面的唯一流态。气泡流流态是当大部分管道充满液体，但是在液体中分布有气泡的流态。活塞流流态是当蒸汽塞(大于气泡)存在于管道中并且通常在管道的顶部内表面处发现这些蒸汽塞的流态。分层流流态是当液体流和气体流分成两个独立相时的流态，其中，液体在管道的底部部分中流动而气体在管道的上部部分中流动。波流流态是与分层流流态类似的流态，只是液体流产生了一系列流动通过管道的液体波浪。段塞流流态是当液体和气体单独地流动通过管道而且液体段塞通过管道，使得管道的某些分段可能处于全液条件下的流态。环流流态是当液体沿着管道的表面流动而气体在管道的中央分段中流动时的流态。雾流流态是当通过管线的大部分流是气体和携带有气体并且散布在整个管道中的小液体颗粒时的流态。气体流流态是通过管道的整个流是气体而不存在液体时的流态。
可看到的是，这些流态中的若干流态(尤其是层流流态和波流流态)使得管道的顶部内表面与液体不能接触。注入到液体中的任何液体腐蚀抑制剂将不会接触管道的顶部内表面，从而使得该表面不能得到保护。另外，在一些情况中，水凝结将发生在管道的顶部内表面上，这可能导致腐蚀率增大。
本发明提供了一种清管器，所述清管器具有刷，所述刷在旋转时扫略掠管道的整个内圆周周围的液体，使得管道的顶部内表面以及甚至管道的侧部的上部分将与液体接触并且当腐蚀抑制剂注入到液体中时与腐蚀抑制剂接触。刷可通过本领域中的普通技术人员已知的任何方法而旋转。
腐蚀抑制剂可以在分批操作或者连续操作中注入。由于通过减小所需的化学制品量而削减了成本，分批操作是优选的。
图2示出了根据本发明的清管器的一个实施例。这个实施例包括带有位于清管器的中央段中的两个刷的清管器。清管器包括前段16和后段14，每个段均包括三个圆盘。位于最前方的圆盘和位于最后方的圆盘的直径小于管的内径。这允许这些圆盘帮助引导清管器通过管，尤其是通过管中的弯曲部和弯头。中间的4个圆盘、前段16中的两个圆盘位于、后段14中的两个圆盘的直径与管的内径相等或者略大于所述管的内径。这些圆盘提供了清管器与管之间的密封。
这些段通过连接件28连接，所述连接件28还设置成用于将刷(18和20)附接到清管器。清管器显示为位于管道10中，所述管道10具有顶部内表面12和底部内表面22。用24示出了管道中的液位，用26示出了清管器的前段和后段之间的液位。如可从该图中看到的那样，清管器各段之间的液位高于管道中的液位。这源于清管器的向前运动，并且其导致增加了刷的润湿程度，于是所述刷在其旋转时能够润湿管道的顶部内表面。通过选择清管器的前段和后段的适当的尺寸和几何结构可设计保持在前段和后段之间的液体保持量。刷18和20可通过可获得的使得刷旋转的任何装置而旋转。在清管器启动之前用腐蚀抑制剂填充在圆盘之间的安装有刷的空间。因此，当刚刚启动清管器时液位26应当(几乎)是全液位。前端处的圆盘将在施加新的腐蚀抑制剂之前有助于清理管道内表面(顶部、底部或者侧部)，并且后端处的圆盘有助于用由刷所施加的腐蚀抑制剂均匀地覆盖管道表面。
图3示出了根据本发明的清管器的另一个实施例。这个实施例与图2中示出的清管器类似，只是清管器具有位于清管器的前部处的一个刷。清管器包括前段16、后段14和刷18，所述刷18通过连接件28连接到清管器。与图2中的管道和液位类似地示出并且标注管道和液位。
图4示出了根据本发明的清管器的另一个实施例。这个实施例具有在清管器的前部处的两个刷的清管器。清管器包括前段16和两个刷(18和20)，所述两个刷通过连接件28连接到清管器。这两个刷将沿着不同的方向旋转，使得因刷旋转而产生的作为在清管器上的作用力互相抵消。与图2中的管道和液位类似地示出并且标注管道和液位。
图5示出了用于使得刷旋转的装置的一个实施例。根据这个实施例，叶轮位于刷的中央段中。在没有全液的管道中，管道的无全液的横截面典型地包括气体，所述气体也流动通过清管器(清管器旁流)。当气体流动通过清管器时，气体流经刷中的叶轮。因气体速度产生的作用力被叶轮转换成随后使得刷旋转的旋转力。当刷旋转时，液体沿着管道的内侧运送并且接触管道的顶部内表面。在一个实施例中，叶轮位于连接件28(图2至4中示出)的内部并且刷位于连接件的外部。在这个实施例中，叶轮必须例如通过磁力联接到刷。
图6示出了用于使得刷旋转的装置的另一个实施例。在这个实施例中，轮子40定位在清管器本体上或者轮系统42上，所述轮系统42相对于清管器的纵向轴线成一角度。当清管器向前运动通过管道时，轮子接触管道的侧部，并且因轮子的倾斜定向而导致清管器的整个本体在管道内部旋转。在一个实施例中，刷相对于清管器固定在合适位置中，使得刷以与清管器相同的速度并且沿着相同的方向旋转。图包括三个盘的前段16。清管器的后段没有示出，但是通过连接杆连接到前段。
图7A示出了用于使得刷旋转的装置的又一个实施例。在这个实施例中，锥齿轮定位成向刷提供旋转力。轮子用于接触管道的侧部，而且这些轮子与清管器的纵向轴线平行。轮子连接到第一组齿轮，所述第一组齿轮随着轮子一起转动。当第一组齿轮转动时，它们使得第二组齿轮旋转，所述第二组齿轮定位成相对于第一组齿轮成0至90度的角度。第二组齿轮随后将旋转力施加到刷，从而致使所述刷旋转并且将液体推动成沿着管道的表面。在一些实施例中，使用两个刷并且将所述刷定位成使得它们沿着相反的方向旋转。这有助于稳定清管器并且抵消旋转力。
图7B示出了连接到锥齿轮的刷的视图，所述锥齿轮通过另一个齿轮连接到沿着管道滚动(未示出)的轮子。
除了防止在管道的顶部内表面上发生腐蚀之外，使用这种清管器还提供了当使用标准管道清管器时实现的管清理的传统益处。这种清管器尤其用于深水应用，在所述深水应用处，更难以测量以及监测油和气管道上的腐蚀。另外，导致污染物流失的任何腐蚀将致使巨大的破坏并且因安装这些管道的水域的深度而难以控制。
本领域中的普通技术人员可采用任何其它用于使得刷旋转的装置，包括：磁力装置、电磁力装置、以及使用其它装置来将气体和/或液体流动的作用力转换成旋转力。例如，清管器可具有电池和电动机，所述电动机用于使得刷旋转。
清管器可以包括一个、两个或多个刷，并且它们可以放置在清管器的前部、后部或者中部。这些构造中的每一种构造在液体保持、制造难易度和其它重要的考虑事项方面具有不同的优势和劣势。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于润湿管道的顶部内表面的清管器，所述清管器包括：清管器本体；附接到所述清管器本体的一个或多个圆形刷；和用于使得所述一个或多个圆形刷在所述清管器运动通过所述管道时旋转的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的清管器，其中，所述圆形刷还包括叶轮，所述叶轮设计成将流动通过所述叶轮的气体的作用力转换成使得所述一个或多个圆形刷旋转的旋转力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的清管器，其中，所述清管器包括轮子，所述轮子定位成相对于所述清管器本体的纵向轴线成一角度，使得当所述清管器向前运动时，所述轮子将旋转力施加给所述清管器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的清管器，其中，所述清管器包括轮子和齿轮，所述轮子和所述齿轮定位成使得当所述清管器向前运动时，所述轮子致使所述齿轮转动并且将旋转力施加给所述清管器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的清管器，其中，所述清管器包括使得所述圆形刷在所述清管器运动通过所述管道时旋转的电动机和电池。
6.根据权利要求1所述的清管器，其中，所述清管器包括多于一个的圆形刷，并且还包括在所述圆形刷之间的保持空间，所述保持空间适于维持所述圆形刷之间的液体液位。
7.一种用于润湿管道的顶部内表面的方法，所述方法包括使得清管器通过所述管道，其中，所述清管器包括：清管器本体；附接到所述清管器本体的一个或多个圆形刷；和用于使得所述一个或多个圆形刷在所述清管器运动通过所述管道时旋转的装置，其中，当所述圆形刷旋转时，容纳在所述管道中的液体被向上推动以接触所述管道的所述顶部内表面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，容纳在所述管道中的所述液体包括腐蚀抑制剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述清管器本体还包括盘，所述盘形成包括腐蚀抑制剂的液体的密封区域。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，当所述清管器通过所述管道时，所述管道的顶部内表面基本上被液体覆盖。
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CN106424033A (zh) * 2016-11-26 2017-02-22 西南石油大学 一种旋转射流型清管器
CN108188118A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2018-06-22 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 管路清洁装置
CN108529817A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-09-14 济宁鑫科船舶科技开发有限公司 一种旅游厕所粪便和水净化用沉淀池
CN108838794A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-11-20 广州德智能科技有限公司 一种打磨系统及打磨工艺设备
CN108942478A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-12-07 广州唐太环保科技有限公司 一种高效的清洁设备
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CN109015178A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-12-18 广州德智能科技有限公司 一种高端的打磨工艺设备
CN109048540A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-12-21 广州唐太环保科技有限公司 一种管件去污设备
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CN109129059A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2019-01-04 广州唐太环保科技有限公司 一种自动清洁设备
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US20150217323A1 (en) 2015-08-06
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