CN104427947A - 缝线固定装置 - Google Patents

缝线固定装置 Download PDF

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CN104427947A
CN104427947A CN201380037037.5A CN201380037037A CN104427947A CN 104427947 A CN104427947 A CN 104427947A CN 201380037037 A CN201380037037 A CN 201380037037A CN 104427947 A CN104427947 A CN 104427947A
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suture
slit
lug
major surfaces
opening
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CN104427947B (zh
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M·贾法里
M·H·吴
H·曹
R·施奈德
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Edwards Lifesciences Corp
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Edwards Lifesciences Corp
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Abstract

本文所公开的是取代需要在缝线中打结的缝线固定装置的示例实施例。一些实施例包含环形外部主体和从外部主体向内延伸的一个或更多个缝线接合凸片。所述装置能够包含超弹性和/或形状记忆材料并具有大体面内最初配置。所述缝线接合部分向平面外可变形至活动配置,其中外部主体被压缩且凸片彼此互锁。该装置在变形的配置中能够被热定型。被互锁的凸片将挤压力施加在穿过它们之间的缝线上以限制缝线通过开口沿一纵向方向滑动。

Description

缝线固定装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据美国法典第35条§119要求在2012年10月31日提交的美国临时申请NO.61/720,886以及2012年7月10日提交的美国临时申请No.61/670,001的优先权。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于固定缝线的装置。
背景技术
经常使用缝线植入假体装置。例如,使用缝线能够将人工心脏瓣膜和瓣膜成型环固定至原生瓣膜环。通常地,缝线的松散末端以结头的方式被系住以将其固定在一起且/或将假体装置固定至邻近组织。然而,在缝线中打结的过程会是耗时且困难的,在缝线中剩余的松弛量会很难控制,解开这些结头会是困难的或不可能的,且/或结头会偶然地变松弛。因而,本领域存在一种固定缝线的方式(而不是打结)的需要。
发明内容
本文所公开的是缝线固定装置的示例实施例,该缝线固定装置取代在缝线中打结的需要。缝线固定装置的一些实施例包含外部主体、穿过外部主体用于接收一条或更多条缝线的开口以及从外部主体延伸至开口的至少一个缝线接合部分。该装置包含可弹性地变形材料并具有当没有缝线被放置在开口中时的自然配置。当装置处于自然配置中时,该开口具有小于缝线的直径的宽度。当缝线通过开口被放置时,所述至少一个缝线接合部分可弹性地变形至活动配置。在活动配置中,所述至少一个缝线接合部分在缝线上施加夹紧力,该夹紧力限制缝线通过开口沿缝线的至少一个纵向方向滑动。
在这些实施例的一些中,该装置包含从外部主体向内地延伸的两个、三个、四个或更多个缝线接合部分,当一条或更多条缝线通过开口被放置时,该缝线接合部分可弹性地变形至活动配置。
在一些实施例中,外部主体包含包围开口的完全环形主体,而在另一些实施例中,外部主体包含与开口连通的径向狭缝或开口以允许缝线横向地滑动通过狭缝进入开口。在一些带有狭缝的实施例中,装置还包含在外部主体的一部分和缝线接合部分之间的开口区域,并且开口区域与开口和狭缝连通。
在一些实施例中,在自然配置中,至少一个缝线接合部分从外部主体突出平面外,使得该装置被偏置成允许被放置在开口中的缝线沿一个纵向方向在相当小的阻力下滑动通过开口,并阻止缝线沿另一个纵向方向滑动通过开口。
一些用于固定一条或更多条缝线的示例装置包含第一末端部分、第二末端部分和耦接第一末端部分至第二末端部分的中间第三部分。第一、第二和第三部分中的每一者都至少包含部分环形主体,该主体具有沿装置的纵向方向从其中延伸的内部通道。第一、第二和第三部分在平面中相对于彼此基本垂直于纵向方向是可弹性地变形的。装置具有不受弹性变形约束的自然配置,其中第一、第二和第三部分中的至少一者相对于另一些部分被扭曲,以便内部通道相互未被对齐;并且该装置具有变形的配置,其中第一、第二和第三部分中的至少一者相对于所述另一些部分被弹性地变形,以便第一、第二和第三部分的内部通道在纵向方向上基本对齐。当装置处于变形的配置中时,一条或更多条缝线能够通过对齐的内部通道被放置,并且当装置被允许朝向其自然配置恢复时,该装置被配置为挤压在第一、第二和第三部分之间的一条或更多条缝线。
一些实施例包含将第一末端部分柔性地耦接至第三部分的第一脊段和将第二末端部分柔性地耦接至第三部分的第二脊段。第一、第二和第三部分中的每一者都能够包含具有敞开部分的部分环形主体,其中第一、第二和第三部分的敞开部分在自然配置中未被对齐,而在变形的配置中被对齐,从而允许一条或更多条缝线被横向地插入内部通道。在自然配置和变形的配置中第一和第二末端部分都能够在纵向方向上相互对齐。
在一些实施方式中,工具能够与装置一起使用以在变形的配置中夹持装置,并然后释放装置以朝向自然配置恢复。工具能够包含握把和被配置为当一条或更多条缝线通过对齐的敞开部分被横向地插入时,将压缩力施加在装置上以将其夹持在变形的位置处的第一和第二钳口。
本文所描述的缝线固定装置的一些实施例能够具有弯曲的主体,该主体具有大体均匀的厚度和/或大体平行的凸和凹主要表面。在一些实施例中,弯曲的装置能够从管子的侧壁被切下,该管子诸如是具有圆形横截面轮廓和均匀的壁厚的管子。弯曲的装置能够被偏置成使得(一条或多条)缝线能够被容易地从凹面侧插入通过装置并被阻止通过凹面侧滑出。
形成缝合夹的示例方法能够包含:首先形成具有环形外部主体和两个相对的凸片的平坦的或弯曲的缝合夹,所述两个相对的凸片在外部主体内朝向彼此延伸,其中凸片与外部主体在平面内。例如,在凸片的任一侧上的弯曲的槽和在凸片之间的中间狭缝相互连接但不与主体的外部边缘相交,因而形成了“封闭的”大体H型开口,该开口从装置的一面延伸至另一面。该方法能够进一步包含弯曲缝合夹至变形的配置,其中外部主体沿平面内方向被压缩且凸片从外部主体延伸到平面外。该方法能够进一步包含在变形的配置中的热定型缝合夹。该夹能够包含超弹性和/或形状记忆材料,诸如镍钛诺。在一些实施例中,在变形的配置中两个凸片彼此互锁。在一些实施例中,外部主体沿凸片从外部主体延伸的方向被压缩。在一些实施例中,弯曲缝合夹包含从大体椭圆形形状压缩外部主体至大体圆形形状,或从大体圆形形状压缩至大体椭圆形形状。
一些示例缝合夹包含沿在一末端处的折线耦接在一起的上面板和下面板。上面板能够包含狭缝和被配置为允许接合在狭缝中的缝线沿一轴向方向更自由地滑动而沿相反的轴向方向更不自由地滑动的偏置的凸片,并且下面板能够包含被配置为限制接合在狭缝中的缝线沿狭缝的长度移动的槽。
通过以下参考附图所描述的具体实施方式,本发明的前述和其他的目标、特征和优点将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1是在二尖瓣环处使用打结的缝线所植入的示例瓣膜成型环的俯视图。
图2是在二尖瓣环处使用示例缝合夹以固定缝线的所植入的示例瓣膜成型环的俯视图。
图3是示例缝合夹的透视图。
图4是另一示例缝合夹的透视图。
图5A是另一示例缝合夹的平面图。
图5B是图5A的缝合夹的透视图。
图6A是另一示例缝合夹的平面图。
图6B是图6A的缝合夹的透视图。
图7A是另一示例缝合夹的平面图。
图7B是图7A的缝合夹的透视图。
图8是另一示例缝合夹的透视图
图9A是另一示例缝合夹的透视图。
图9B是图9A的缝合夹的另一透视图。
图10A是另一示例缝合夹的平面图。
图10B是图10A的缝合夹的透视图。
图11A是另一示例缝合夹的透视图。
图11B是图11A的缝合夹的另一透视图,其示出了接合两条缝线的夹。
图11C是另一示例缝合夹的透视图。
图11D是另一示例缝合夹的透视图,该缝合夹具有中心狭缝的蜿蜒部分以帮助缝线保持在其中。
图12A是另一示例缝合夹的透视图。
图12B是与缝线接合的图12A的缝合夹的截面透视图。
图12C是图12A的缝合夹的平面图。
图12D是图12A的缝合夹的侧视图。
图13是另一示例缝合夹的平面图。
图14是示例缝线固定装置的透视图。
图15是图14的缝线固定装置的另一透视图。
图16是图14的缝线固定装置的端视图。
图17是图14的缝线固定装置在弹性地变形状态中的透视图。
图18示出了图14的缝线固定装置,其被保持在示例部署装置中。
图19示出了图14的缝线固定装置,其从图18的部署装置释放。
图20示出了放置在两条缝线自由端周围的图14的缝线固定装置,其使用图18的部署装置植入假体装置。
图21示出了图14的缝线固定装置,其从图18的部署装置释放且被固定在两条缝线末端周围。
图22是另一示例缝线固定装置的透视图。
图23是图22的缝线固定装置的另一透视图。
图24是图22的缝线固定装置的端视图。
图25是图22的装置处于变形的配置的透视图。
图26-31是示例弯曲缝合夹的透视图
图32-35是另一示例缝合夹的各种视图。
图36-38是又一示例缝合夹的各种视图。
图39-42是再一示例缝合夹的各种视图。
图43-45示出了缝线能够与图31的夹一起使用的不同方式。
图46和图47是另一示例缝合夹的视图。
具体实施方式
除了打结固定缝线外,缝合夹或者另一些缝线固定装置能够被放置在缝线上以固定它们。本文公开并以附图的方式示出了缝线固定装置的若干个示例实施例。这些实施例不应该被理解为任意形式的限制。相反,本公开指向各种公开的实施例的所有的单独的新颖的和非显而易见的特征及方面以及彼此之间的各种组合及子组合
所公开的装置能够固定单条缝线或同时固定两条或更多条缝线。为了便于描述,本公开大致描述了仅与单条缝线一起使用的各种实施例,然而应当理解,所公开的实施例可以与两条或更多条缝线以相同或类似的方式一起使用,除非另有说明。
通过将缝线的自由端穿过装置中的开口和/或通过横向地滑动缝线通过装置一侧的狭缝能够将所公开的装置放置在缝线上,这取决于特定的实施例。例如,图3和图4中所示的实施例要求缝线的末端被穿过装置中的封闭的开口,然而图5-10的实施例也具有在横向侧的狭缝,该狭缝允许缝线的中间部分横向地插入该装置。
一旦缝线固定装置被放置在缝线上,该装置能够阻止缝线在缝线的一个或两个纵向方向上轴向地滑动通过该装置。在一些实施例中,装置能够偏置成允许缝线沿一个纵向方向滑动通过该装置,并阻止缝线沿相反的方向滑动,从而形成单向缝合锁或棘轮机构。在另一些实施例中,该装置能够阻止缝线沿两个纵向方向滑动,从而形成更多限制的双向缝合锁。
图1示出了瓣膜成型环2形式的示例假体装置,该瓣膜成型环使用缝线6被固定至原生二尖瓣4的环。缝线6的末端使用传统结头8被固定在一起。图2示出了使用示例缝线固定装置10代替结头被固定至二尖瓣环的相同的瓣膜成型环2。在这个示例中使用了十二个装置10,然而不同数量的装置能够在另一些实施方式中使用。在这个示例中,每个装置10取代标准结头将从相反方向延伸的两条缝线6固定在一起。在另一些示例中,单独的装置10能够在缝线穿过瓣膜成型环2的位置处被固定至每条缝线6。无论哪种方式,装置10阻止缝线6朝向瓣膜成型环2滑动通过装置,从而保持缝线绷紧(taught)并保持环2紧靠二尖瓣组织4固定。在一些实施例中,在最初部署后,该装置(诸如图2所示的装置10)也允许缝线6被进一步拉紧以减小缝线中的任何过度的松弛。尽管图2的示例中示出了示例缝线固定装置10,但是本文公开的任意一个实施例能够对其他实施方式用于相同的或相似的目的。
虽然图2示出了瓣膜成型环通过装置10被固定,装置10与本文所公开的缝线固定装置的其他实施例一样,能够被用于将其他假体装置固定至身体中的组织。例如,其他假体装置包括人工心脏瓣膜、支架体、移植体和使用缝线传统上被固定至组织的各种其他假体植入体。
通过在缝线中使用所公开的缝线固定装置而不是打结,缝线能够用较少的时间且较小的难度(尤其在难于接近的位置)被固定。此外,一些缝线固定装置能够允许在缝线中剩余的松弛的量被更精确地控制,该装置会比结头更不可能出现松弛,并且该装置的一些实施例在被最初部署后能够容易地被移去或者调整。此外,缝线固定装置能够是小的、耐用的、生物可相容的和便宜的。
图3示出了封闭的、偏置的缝线固定装置12的示例实施例。装置12包含环形外部主体14和从外部主体14延伸出平面的四个三角凸片16。凸片16由从中心开口20延伸的四个径向狭缝18隔开。因为在外部主体14中没有横向狭缝(即,装置12是“封闭的”),所以缝线的末端被穿过开口20以将装置12与缝线接合。由于凸片16的偏置的形状,缝线能够从装置12的底部容易地穿过开口20。开口20能够具有稍微小于缝线的直径的直径或最狭窄的宽度,以便当缝线从装置的底部被插入时,凸片16被迫向上且向外偏转少量。在静止状态中,使用放置在开口20中的缝线,凸片16能够被轻微地弹性地变形并因此紧靠缝线偏置以阻止缝线滑动。如本文所使用的,术语“弹性的”、“弹性地”和“弹性”在广义上被使用以指示趋向自然地恢复至其变形前状态的任何有弹性的变形,并且这些术语包括超弹性和伪弹性的相关概念。当拉力被施加在缝线的上端上时,凸片16进一步在向上和径向地向外方向上轻微偏转,从而增大开口20的尺寸足以允许缝线沿向上的方向滑动通过开口20。然而,当拉力被施加在缝线的下端上时,缝线拉动凸片16向下而引起凸片向一块挤得更近,从而增加了其在缝线上的夹紧,并阻止缝线向下滑动。偏置装置,诸如装置12,能够利用外部主体14的底部表面紧靠支承表面(例如,假体装置的表面或原生组织的表面)被放置以阻止缝线和装置沿支承表面的方向移动。
图4示出了封闭的、非偏置的缝合固定装置22的示例实施例。装置22包含环形外部主体23和三个向内延伸的凸片24,凸片24被在共同的中心开口28处接合的三个弯曲的狭缝26隔开。由于当缝线未被放置在开口28中时凸片24未沿任一轴向方向突出平面外,所以装置22被称为“非偏置的”。因而,非偏置的装置未沿一个方向或者另一个方向被固有地偏置,尽管一旦缝线被插入,它们可以沿一个方向变为偏置。如在装置12中,开口28能够具有稍微小于缝线的直径的直径或最狭窄的宽度。由于装置22在其自然状态是非偏置的,缝线能够从顶部或底部同样地穿过开口28。由于开口28在其自然状态比缝线窄,当缝线被插入时,凸片24被迫向平面外沿缝线被插入的方向偏出平面少量,以增大开口28的尺寸以足够允许缝线穿过。当缝线从一侧被插入开口28时,凸片24朝向另一侧弯曲,从而对凸片24产生平面外的形状并使装置偏置。例如,当缝线从开口28的底侧被插入时,凸片24向上弯曲以增大开口28的尺寸以足够接收缝线。在该点处,凸片24被偏置以允许缝线向上滑动而受到有限的但阻止缝线向下滑动的阻力。与装置12中的线性的、径向狭缝18相比,狭缝26的弯曲形状对于某些材料(如镍钛诺)能够提供跨越凸片24的更期望的应力应变分布,而狭缝18对于诸如不锈钢的其他材料会更期望的。
图5A和图5B示出了敞开的、偏置的缝线固定装置30的示例实施例。装置30包含外部主体32和第一凸片34、第二凸片36、第三凸片38和弹簧臂42,这些中的每个向内延伸并从外部主体32向中心开口48延伸平面外。装置30是“敞开的”,因为中心开口48与径向狭缝46连通,取代缝线的末端从顶部或底部穿过开口,径向狭缝46允许缝线的中间部分被横向地滑入开口48。弹簧臂42包含弹簧元件44,该弹簧元件44允许该臂42径向向外地朝向外部主体30弹性地变形。当缝线通过狭缝46朝向开口48滑动时,弹簧臂42能够弹性地变形以加宽狭缝46并允许缝线进入开口48。在一些实施例中,在部署期间,可以使用工具使弹簧臂42变形,尽管狭缝46的锥形壁能够允许在缝线上使用相当小的径向向内的力使弹簧臂42足够地变形。由于较短的杠杆臂和缺少利用机械优点的锥形壁,一旦缝线在开口中,则需要较大的力作用在缝线上以使弹簧臂42变形。在其自然状态中,开口48稍微小于缝线的直径,使得即使当在缝线上没有拉力时,径向压力被施加在处于开口48中的缝线上。由于凸片34、36、38和弹簧臂42的平面外的尺寸,缝线被允许向上滑动通过开口48并受到很小的阻力,但由于凸片皱缩和挤压缝线而阻止缝线向下滑动通过开口。
图6-8示出了敞开的、非偏置的缝线固定装置的示例实施例。图6A和图6B示出了包含外部主体32、第一臂54和第二臂56的装置50。第一臂和第二臂被从装置的外围向内延伸至敞开区域60的狭缝58隔开。在臂56和54之间的狭缝58的宽度会稍微小于缝线的直径。使狭缝58靠近外围处成锥形以便于将缝线插入臂之间的狭缝的狭窄部分。敞开区域60能够使外部主体更加柔性以允许臂54、56被隔开以接收缝线。装置50还能够包含在狭缝58的任一侧上的开口62以便于使用工具(例如,类似于针头钳的工具)来强行地隔开臂54、56。当两条或更多条的缝线使用装置50被固定时,缝线沿着狭缝58的长度被合意地并行取向,而不是在狭缝的宽度方向上被堆叠。在一些实施例中,当缝线被插入时,装置50未变形到平面外,而是只在平面内变形并将平面内的挤压力施加在缝线上,阻止缝线沿任一轴向方向滑动。在另一些实施例中,臂54、56二者能够沿相同的方向变形到平面外,从而产生阻止缝线仅沿轴向方向滑动的偏置装置。在另一些实施例中,臂54、56能够沿相反方向变形到平面外,且使外部主体52扭曲,以便阻止缝线沿两个方向滑动。
图7A和图7B示出了类似于装置50的另一敞开的、非偏置的装置64。装置64包含外部主体66、第一臂68和第二臂70。第一臂和第二臂被狭缝72隔开,狭缝72从装置的外围向内延伸至成直角地从狭缝72延伸至敞开区域76的另一狭缝部分74。在臂68、70之间的狭缝72的宽度会稍微小于缝线的直径。使狭缝72能够靠近外围处成锥形以便于将缝线插入臂之间的狭缝的狭窄部分。敞开区域76能够使外部主体更加柔性以允许臂68、70被隔开以接收缝线。在使用中,通过臂68、70的挤压力,一条或更多条缝线被保持在狭缝72内。与装置50相比,由于狭缝72和74是处于直角,缝线较小可能地滑出狭缝并进入敞开区域76。同样,能够使狭缝74的宽度小于狭缝72,并且在一些情况下,在臂74和70相互接触的情况下,狭缝74是关闭的。装置64也能够包含在狭缝72的任一侧上的开口78以便于使用工具强迫隔开臂。在一些实施例中,当缝线被插入时,装置64未变形到平面外,而是只在平面内变形并将平面内的挤压力施加在缝线上,阻止缝线沿任一轴向方向滑动。在另一些实施例中,臂68、70二者能够沿相同的方向变形到平面外,从而产生阻止缝线仅沿轴向方向滑动的偏置装置。在另一些实施例中,臂68、70能够沿相反方向变形到平面外,且使外部主体66扭曲,以便阻止缝线沿两个方向滑动。图8示出了类似于装置64的装置80,除此之外,装置80还包含邻近狭缝72的在每个臂84、86中的凹口82。凹口82帮助狭缝72中的两条缝线保持在期望的位置,并有助于防止缝线滑出狭缝。
图9A和图9B示出了类似于装置64的敞开的、偏置的装置100,除此之外,其包括平面外的尺寸。装置100包含外部主体102、第一臂104和第二臂106。第一臂和第二臂被狭缝108隔开,狭缝108从装置的外围向内延伸至成直角地从狭缝108延伸至敞开区域112的另一狭缝部分110。在臂104、106之间的狭缝108的宽度会稍微小于缝线的直径。使狭缝108能够靠近外围处成锥形以便于将缝线插入臂之间的狭缝的狭窄部分。敞开区域112能够使外部主体更加柔性以允许臂104、106被隔开以接收缝线。装置100也能够包含在狭缝108的任一侧上的开口114以便于使用工具强迫地隔开臂。臂104和106能够从外部主体102向上延伸到平面外以产生允许缝线向上滑动而受到很小的但阻止缝线向下滑动的阻力的偏置。
图10A和图10B示出了另一敞开的、非偏置的装置116。装置116包含外部主体118、第一臂120和第二臂122。第一臂和第二臂被弯曲的狭缝124隔开,狭缝124从装置的外围向内延伸至成直角地从狭缝124延伸至敞开区域128的另一狭缝部分126。狭缝124的最窄宽度会稍微小于缝线的直径以使缝线保留在狭缝124内。使狭缝124能够从外围成锥形以便于将缝线插入狭缝124的最窄部分。敞开区域128能够通过装置116限定大约270°的弧,使得外部主体118更加柔性以允许臂120、122被隔开以接收缝线。臂120能够围绕臂122的末端被部分地卷曲并能够包含阻碍臂122与第一臂120分开太远的末端部分121,由此限制了狭缝124的宽度。
图11A和图11B示出了封闭的、非偏置的缝线紧固装置130的实施例。装置130包含大体盘型的主体,该主体具有环形外部边缘132和从外部边缘132向内延伸的两个凸片134、136。每个凸片134、136被大体定形成半圆。凸片134、136通过弯曲的槽138、140在其侧面与外部主体隔开,并通过通常使装置130分支的直狭缝142被彼此隔开。弯曲的槽138、140和中间狭缝142相互连接但不与外部边缘132相交,因而形成了“封闭的”大体H型开口,该开口从装置的一面延伸至另一面。如图11B中所示,一条或更多条缝线143能够从顶部或底部被插入狭缝142中,从而使凸片134、136二者沿插入的方向偏转。一旦缝线143如图11B中所示的被插入,装置130变得偏置并允许缝线轴向地向上移动而受到较小的但阻止缝线轴向地向下移动的阻力。在一些实施例中,凸片134、136的夹紧边缘能够是尖锐的(见图11A),这种边缘能够较好的夹紧缝线,并且在另一些实施例中,凸片的夹紧边缘能够被倒圆(见图11B),这种边缘能够减小破坏和/或切断缝线的可能性。在装置130的一些实施方式中(未示出),两个凸片134、136能够沿相反的方向弹性地变形,其中一个凸片向上弯曲出平面而另一凸片向下弯曲出平面。这样能够锁定缝线,避免沿任一方向滑动通过装置130。例如,在图11B中示出的两条缝线143能够相当于在图2中示出的缝线6的自由端。
图11C示出了装置144,装置144是装置130的变体,其中凸片134、136的夹紧表面包含凹口或凹进区域145,凹口或凹进区域145能够帮助将缝线容纳在狭缝142内并阻止缝线滑入弯曲的狭缝138、140。
图11D示出了缝线紧固装置146的更进一步的变体,该装置146具有平坦的大体盘型的主体,该主体具有环形外部边缘132’和从其中向内延伸的两个凸片134’、136’。如在图11A中所示出的,每个凸片134’、136’被大体定形成半圆。凸片134’、136’通过弯曲的槽138’、140’在其侧面处与外部主体隔开,并通过具有直的中央部分的狭缝142’被相互隔开。再一次,弯曲的槽138’、140’和中间狭缝142’相互连接但不与主体132’的外部边缘相交,因而形成了“封闭的”大体H型开口,该开口从装置的一面延伸至另一面。如图11B中所示,一条或更多条缝线能够从顶部或底部被插入狭缝142中,从而使凸片134、136二者沿插入的方向偏转。一旦缝线143被插入狭缝142,装置146变得偏置并允许缝线轴向地向上移动而受到较小的但阻止缝线轴向地向下移动的阻力。如上所述,凸片134、136的夹紧边缘可以是尖锐的用于较好的夹紧缝线,或者被倒圆以减小破坏和/或切断缝线的可能性。
为了帮助使缝线保留在狭缝142’的中央部分中,狭缝包括在任一侧上的蜿蜒部分147。尽管一个可能大于另一个,但是凸片134’、136’是相同的或彼此镜像。在每个弯曲的槽138’、140’的终端上的小圆放大部148便于凸片134’、136’的弯曲并用作应力释放装置以减小在那些点处断裂的可能性。在垂直于狭缝142’的直的部分的外部边缘132’的相对侧上提供两个半圆切口(cutout)149。切口148提供了缝线紧固装置146的取向特征,该特征与能够保持并连续部署多种装置的工具(未示出)上的特征配合。
图12A-12D示出了封闭的、偏置装置150的实施例。装置150包含环形外部主体152、两个接合凸片154、156和从外部主体152向内延伸的两个侧凸片158、160。凸片154、156和/或凸片158、160还能够从外部主体152向上延伸出平面。接合凸片154、156能够包含凹的接合表面162以保持缝线164在二者之间居中。侧凸片158、160能够阻止缝线164从接合臂154、156之间横向地滑出。接合臂154、156被偏置以允许缝线164向上滑动通过装置150而受到很小的但阻止缝线向下滑动通过装置的阻力。
图13示出了包含大体长方形(ablong)或椭圆形的外部主体168和单个凸片170的封闭的、非偏置的装置166的实施例。凸片170经由形成大体“C”型的切口172与外部主体在三侧隔开。例如,切口172能够被激光切割成单片材料以形成凸片170。凸片170能够从外部主体168向平面外的任一方向被弹性地弯曲以允许缝线被插入通过切口172。在缝线被引导通过切口172后,装置166变偏置以允许缝线沿凸片170被弯曲的方向滑动而受到很小的但阻止缝线沿相反方向滑动的阻力。
图3-13的装置能够在厚度上变化,不过厚度通常小于垂直于厚度的尺寸。增加的厚度通常导致更坚硬的装置,该装置为缝线滑动通过装置提供更大的阻力。图3-13的装置也能够在垂直于厚度尺寸的尺寸上变化。在一些实施例中,装置能够具有大约2mm至大约5mm或者更大的外部直径。
所公开的缝线固定装置能够包含任意可弹性地变形的、抗腐蚀的、生物相容的材料,诸如不锈钢、钴镉合金(Co-Cr)、埃尔吉洛伊非磁性合金(Elgiloy)、MP35N和镍钛诺。一些实施例能够包含多于一种材料,诸如用于外部主体的更坚硬的材料和用于臂/凸片的更有弹性地柔性材料。期望地,所公开的实施例包括具有足以保留缝线的可恢复应变的材料,诸如从大约5%至大约15%的范围内变动的可恢复应变。
图14-17示出了示例缝线固定装置200。该装置200包含沿弹性脊耦接在一起的三个或更多个部分。装置200能够包含第一部分202、第二部分204和第三部分206,其中第一和第二部分通过第一脊段208被耦接并且第二和第三部分通过第二脊段210被耦接在一起。在另一些实施例中,装置能够包含通过三个或更多个脊段耦接的四个或更多个类似部分。如在图15中所示出的,每个部分能够包含在与脊相对的一侧处是敞开的环形壁(例如,圆柱形的或其他)。部分202包含开口216,部分204包含开口218,以及部分206包含开口220。如在图14-16中所示出的,在其自然状态,装置200被配置为至少一个部分与另一些部分的一个或者两个未对齐(见图16)。脊段208和210被扭曲,使得第二部分204与第一和第三部分202、204未被对齐,第一和第三部分202、204能够大体相互对齐。
如图17中所示,装置200能够弹性地变形以使所有的部分在圆柱形配置中对齐,以便开口216、218、220也是对齐的。如图18和图19中所示,工具222能够用于保持图17所示的配置中的装置200。工具222能够包含握把224、第一钳口226和第二钳口228。钳口226、228能够分别具有被弄圆的内壁230、232,以便保持在图17的配置中的装置200。如图20中所示,在该弹性地变形、对齐的配置中,一条或更多条缝线能够通过对齐开口215、218、220被插入到装置200中。如图21中所示,一旦缝线被放置在装置200内侧,钳口226、228能够被打开,从而释放其在装置200上的压缩力,并从而允许装置弹性地弹回其自然形状。在图20和图21的示例中,装置200被用于将两条缝线6固定在一起以将瓣膜成型环2固定至原生二尖瓣环4。缝线6能够阻止装置200完全恢复至其自然形状,从而将一部分弹性变形留在装置中,使得该装置紧靠缝线被偏置。在图21的配置中,第一和第三部分202、206朝向右在缝线6上施加力,而第二部分204朝向左在缝线上施加力,从而用足够的力将缝线有效地挤压在一起以产生将缝线纵向滑出装置的足够的摩擦阻力。装置200中具有三个或更多个段在缝线上提供了更平衡的力分布并增强了装置夹紧缝线6。每个部分202、204、206的边缘也能够咬合进入缝线6,从而在一定程度上增强装置夹紧缝线。
图22-25示出了以类似于装置200的方式起作用的缝线固定装置240的另一实施例。装置240包含通过柔性脊段248、250被耦接在一起的三个(或更多个)部分242、244、246。每个部分242、244、246包含在与脊相对的一侧处是敞开的环形壁。与类似装置200的部分202、204、206相比,装置240的部分242、244、246具有更厚的环形壁和在环形壁内的更窄的敞开区域。与装置200相比,这允许装置240用较少的扭曲运动接合到缝线上。第一部分242具有在环形壁中的开口252和内部缝线接合表面258,第二部分244具有在环形壁中的开口254和内部缝线接合表面260,以及第三部分246具有在环形壁中的开口256和内部缝线接合表面262。
在其自然状态(未示出)中,同图14-17中的装置200一样,装置240的部分242、244、246未被对齐。在未被对齐的自然配置中,末端部分242和246围绕脊248、250沿表面258和262面朝的方向被扭曲,并且中间部分244围绕脊沿相反的方向被扭曲。当装置240被弹性地变形至图25中所示的位置(诸如使用类似于工具222的工具),三个部分的开口252、254、256被对齐,从而允许缝线通过开口被横向地插入并进入延伸通过三个部分242、244、246的轴向通道。
在缝线通过轴向通道被放置的情况下,装置240能够从压缩被释放并允许弹性地向自然位置恢复。在达到自然位置之前,接合表面258、260、262接触缝线并将相反的横向力施加在缝线上以将缝线保持在装置240中并阻止缝线沿任一方向纵向地滑出该装置。由于部分242、244、246的环形主体比装置200中的那些更厚,所以与装置200相比,接合表面258、260、262接触缝线受到较小的反冲(recoil)运动。这能够允许更强的夹紧力和更大的耐久性。
一些缝线固定装置能够具有大体弯曲的形状。图26-31中所示的实施例是具有弯曲的形状的装置的示例。在这些实施例中,该装置能够具有上主要表面和下主要表面,其中上主要表面是大体凸面,下主要表面是大体凹面。上和下主要表面能够基本相互平行,并且该装置具有在两个主要表面之间的基本恒定的厚度。在一些实施例中,上和下主要表面能够沿一个方向被弯曲而沿垂直的方向(如,圆柱的侧壁)不能被弯曲,使得表面具有曲率中心轴线。在一些实施例中,两个主要表面能够具有共同的曲率中心轴线。在另一些实施例中,主要表面能够以其他的方式被弯曲,诸如具有共享一个共同的曲率中心的同心球形主要表面。通过提供带有弯曲的结构的缝线固定装置,该装置能够被偏置以对缝线朝向凹面方向移动提供更大的阻力,而更容易地允许缝线朝向凸面方向移动。
在一些实施例中,这种弯曲的装置能够由管子的侧壁形成。管子的外部直径能够限定装置的凸面主要表面的曲率,而管子的内部直径能够限定装置的凹面主要表面的曲率。弯曲的装置的均匀厚度能够等于装置从其中被切下的管子的壁厚。在另一些实施例中,装置能够由非圆柱形的管子的侧壁形成,或者由具有弯曲的壁的其他三维对象(诸如中空的球体、椭球体、椭圆体等)的壁形成,或者由具有曲率的其他三维对象形成。
图26示出了弯曲的缝线固定装置300的示例实施例。装置300包含环形的外部主体302和通过“C”型狭缝306与外部主体隔开的内部主体(或凸片)304。图26中示出了装置300的凸面的、上部主要表面。凸片304能够具有椭圆的形状且能够从连接处沿装置的曲率的方向延伸至外部主体。一条或更多条缝线能够从凹面(装置300的下侧)通过狭缝306被插入,从而引起凸片304向上偏转。在缝线通过狭缝306插入的情况下,偏置的凸片304挤压缝线并阻止它们通过狭缝朝向凹面方向滑回。因而,装置300能够被附接至缝线,其中装置的凹面侧面向缝线的自由端从其延伸的假体装置或组织。
图27示出了类似于装置300但具有更大的曲率的弯曲的缝线固定装置310的替代实施例。装置310包含环形外部主体312、内部凸片314和“C”型狭缝316。装置310相对于装置300增加的曲率能够导致增加的偏置以及增加的对缝线朝向凹面方向滑动通过狭缝316的阻力。实施例300和310代表两种不同曲率的示例,而另一些实施例能够具有任意其他期望的度数的曲率。类似地,弯曲的装置的厚度能够变化并且能够被选择以为装置提供期望的硬度。
图28示出了包含环形外部主体322和两个相对的凸片324、326的弯曲的缝线固定装置320的实施例,其类似于图11A-11C所示的平坦版本。外部主体322能够具有大体圆形并且凸片324、326中的每一个能够具有大体半圆形。凸片324、326通过两个弓形槽328与外部主体隔开且凸片通过连接两个弓形槽328的直的狭缝329被相互隔开。一条或更多条缝线能够从下凸面侧被插入狭缝329,从而使凸片324、326二者沿插入的方向向上偏转。在缝线被插入的情况下,偏置的凸片允许缝线沿凸面方向向上移动,并受到很小的但阻止缝线沿凹面方向向下移动的阻力。
图29示出了包含环形外部主体332和两个相对的凸片334、336的弯曲的缝线固定装置330的另一实施例。外部主体332能够具有大体圆形并且凸片334、326中的每一个能够从外部主体的相对端向内延伸。凸片334、336通过两个弓形槽338与外部主体隔开且凸片通过连接两个弓形槽338的狭缝339被相互隔开。狭缝339能够具有用于定位缝线的直的中间部分和在直的部分的任一端处的成角度的或L型端部331,该端部331能够有助于将缝线保留在狭缝339的直的部分中并且阻止缝线移动至弓形槽338内。两个凸片334、336因而是不同的,其中较大的左凸片334围绕右凸片336在狭缝339的L型端部331处的两侧上延伸。一条或更多条缝线能够从下凸面侧被插入狭缝339,从而使凸片334、336二者沿插入的方向向上偏转。在缝线被插入的情况下,偏置的凸片允许缝线沿凸面方向向上移动,并受到很小的但阻止缝线沿凹面方向向下移动的阻力。
图30示出了包含环形外部主体342、在外部主体内延伸的盘绕的或螺旋的内部主体344和盘绕的或螺旋的狭缝346的弯曲的缝线固定装置340的实施例。缝线能够通过盘绕的狭缝346在沿狭缝的任意点处被插入,诸如在狭缝的中心端处,从装置的凹面侧被插入,从而引起盘绕的内部主体朝向凸面侧变形并且引起阻止缝线朝向凹面方向滑回的在缝线上的偏置的夹紧力。
图31示出了包含环形外部主体352和通过两个弓形槽358、360分别被限定在外部主体内的两个内部凸片354、356的弯曲的缝线固定装置350的实施例。凸片354、356从在狭缝358、360之间的装置的中心部分沿相反的方向延伸。狭缝358、360中的每一个能够接收来自装置的凹面下侧的一条或更多条缝线,从而引起各个凸片354、356向上变形并且引起阻止缝线朝向下、凹面方向滑回的在缝线上的偏置的夹紧力。
在一些实施例中,装置350能够进一步包含开口362和开口364,开口362在外部主体352的一端中邻近狭缝358而开口36在外部主体352的相对端中邻近狭缝360。开口362和364能够被使用以将装置350固定(例如,缝合)至另一个表面,诸如假体装置或下层组织的表面。本文所公开的任意缝合夹紧实施例能够包含类似于开口362和364的附加的开口,用于将夹固定至下层表面。
本文所描述的任意弯曲的实施例能够具有,例如从大约0.001英寸至大约0.100英寸的厚度,诸如大约0.010英寸。本文所描述的任意弯曲的实施例能够具有例如大于约2.0mm的凸面主要表面的曲率的半径,诸如大约4.0mm。本文所描述的任意弯曲的实施例能够包含超弹性和/或形状记忆材料,诸如镍钛诺。
图32-42图示说明了缝合夹的实施例,该缝合夹最初在面内配置(例如,平坦的面内配置或弯曲的面内配置)中被形成,并且然后在平面外功能配置中被变形和热定型。如参考图32-42所使用的,术语“面内配置”指的是凸片的位置通常与外部主体在面内,并且包括诸如图26-31所示的那些具有弯曲的或弓形的整体形状的配置。
图32-35所示的夹实施例400包含环形外部主体402和通过槽408与外部主体隔开的两个相对的凸片404、406。夹400最初在平坦的、二维配置中形成,其中两个凸片404、406与外部主体402在面内。例如,夹400能够从平板材料被切出。最初平坦的面内夹能够具有圆形形状。通过在邻近末端(标为420)的边缘处沿箭头421的方向施加压力,并从外部主体向上推动凸片404、406到平面外,平坦的圆形夹400然后能够被变形至图32-35中所示的配置。在末端420处的压力引起环形主体402变为椭圆形并引起凸片404、406朝向彼此移动并以在面外构造中互锁,其中凸片404的臂410与凸片406的肩部416接合并且凸片406的端部414与凸片404的中间部分412接合。
夹400能够包括超弹性和/或形状记忆材料(诸如镍钛诺),以便夹400能够以图32-35中所示的变形的配置被热定型。为了在热定型过程期间保持夹400处于图32-35中所示的变形的配置中,环形主体402的上表面能够被保持紧靠平坦的、二维表面(如图35中由虚线所示出的),并且凸片404、406通过平坦的、二维表面中的开口被弯曲成互锁的配置中。例如,其中带有孔的平板能够被用作平坦的、二维表面。当夹400被保持紧靠该平板并且凸片延伸通过互锁的配置中的孔时,夹材料的温度能够被增加至足够水平足够的时间以允许镍钛诺变为图示说明的配置中的热定型。热定型过程能够包含,例如,将变形的夹放置在炉中以将夹加热到给定温度之上给定的时间段,并且然后将加热的夹浸泡入有水的冷却器主体中以在低于某一温度淬火夹并完成热定型过程。
凸片404、406的偏转使环形主体402在每个末端部分420处扭曲,从而引起那些末端部分420向下偏转(如图34和图35所示)。在凸片404、406被互锁的情况下,任意直径的一条或更多条缝线能够通过两个凸片之间的界面418被插入,以使凸片进一步向上弯曲并产生抵抗缝线沿向下的方向运动的偏置的锁定机构。臂410也能够阻挡缝线横向地滑出界面418。
图36-38图示说明了类似于实施例400的缝合夹实施例430。夹430包含环形外部主体432和在平面外配置中互锁以产生类似于夹400的凸片404、406的偏置的缝线接合的两个凸片434、436。同图29所示的实施例330一样,夹430能够被最初形成在弯曲的、面内、圆形配置中。环形主体432能够被保持紧靠凹面表面(如图38中由虚线所示出的),诸如弯曲的板,其中末端部分450沿箭头451的方向被压缩在一起,并且凸片434、436向上偏转(诸如通过板中的孔)且在图37所示的互锁位置中。如上所述,夹430能够在该配置中被热定型,以便将环形主体432通过向下偏转的末端部分450被弯曲成弓形,凸片434的臂440被接合在凸片436的肩部446上,并且凸片436的末端部分444与凸片434的中间部分442接合。在凸片434、436被互锁的情况下,任意直径的一条或更多条缝线能够通过界面448被插入以进一步向上弯曲凸片并产生抵抗缝线沿向下的方向移动的偏置的锁定机构。臂440也能够阻挡缝线横向地滑出界面448。
图39-42图示说明了缝合夹460的另一实施例,该缝合夹460最初被形成有细长的、椭圆形环形外部主体462而不是(如夹400和430一样的)圆形外部主体。如图39所示,通过最初形成细长的、椭圆形状的夹460,夹460能够通过沿箭头482的方向压缩完全相对的边缘480而被变形为大体圆形的形状(如图40所示)。实施例400、430和460图示说明了通过选择相应的初始配置,在热定型过程后,缝合夹能够被设计产生任意期望的形状。在另一些实施例中,环形外部主体能够具有多边形形状或其他非椭圆的、非圆形形状。在实施例460中,凸片464、466稍微比夹430的凸片434、436长,但在其他方面以类似方式起作用,以便在热定型过程后其具有互锁的配置,其中臂470与肩476接合以及末端部分474与中间部分472接合。在凸片464、466被互锁的情况下,任意直径的一条或更多条缝线能够通过界面478被插入,以使凸片进一步向上弯曲并产生抵抗缝线沿向下的方向运动的偏置的锁定机构。臂470也能够阻挡缝线横向地滑出界面478。
在实施例400、430和460中,除非环形外部主体被压缩在一起以允许相对的凸片移动靠近在一起,相对的凸片可以不在变形的平面外的配置中互锁在一起。在没有外部主体的压缩情况下,当两个凸片从外部主体向平面外弯曲时,在两个凸片的端部之间形成间隙,并且在一个凸片的臂和另一个凸片的肩之间形成间隙。这些间隙可以不允许两个凸片恰当地互锁在变形的位置。因而,通过将环形主体压缩在一起并使压缩状态中的夹热定型,凸片被提供有在互锁的配置中相互接合的能力。凸片的末端部分之间的接触界面允许凸片在任意直径的缝线(甚至非常小直径的缝线)上施加夹紧力。
图43-44示出了其中图31的夹350能够与缝线接合的各种配置。如图43所示,夹350能够被用于固定两条不同的缝线。缝线370被接合在狭缝358中而缝线372被接合在相对的狭缝360中。由于夹350的曲率和凸片354、356的向上偏转,缝线370、372被允许通过狭缝358、360向上移动但被阻止通过狭缝向下滑动。如图44所示,夹350还能够被用于固定同一缝线374的通过相对的狭缝均向上穿过的两个不同部分。缝线374的两个自由端能够被向上拉以使缝线的下部成圈部分朝向夹的底部绷紧,但是凸片354、356阻止缝线向下滑动和变松。图45示出了其中单条缝线376穿过狭缝358、360二者的另一个变体。在图45中,缝线376具有从狭缝沿相对的横向方向延伸(而不是如图44中的向上延伸)的自由端。
图46和图47示出了包含两个折叠的面板502和504的缝合夹500的实施例。上面板502类似于图30中的夹340,因为它包含限定螺旋凸片508的螺旋狭缝506。下面板504包含从一端延伸到下面板的中心的槽510。上面板502和下面板504能够沿在相对于槽510的一端处的折叠部被耦接在一起。一条或更多条缝线512、514能够穿过在上面板中的螺旋狭缝506和在下面板中的槽510以固定缝线。像图30中的夹340一样,上面板502能够被弯曲,以便螺旋凸片508被偏置成允许缝线向上滑动通过狭缝506,但阻止缝线朝向下面板504向下地滑动。槽510能够有助于阻止缝线512、514绕螺旋狭缝506移动,从而保持缝线在螺旋的中心附近。
一般考量
为了本描述的目的,本文描述了本公开的实施例的某些方面、优点和新颖的特征。所公开的方法、装置和系统不应该被理解为任意形式的限制。相反,本公开指向各种公开的实施例的所有的单独的新颖的和非显而易见的特征及方面以及彼此之间的各种组合及子组合。方法、装置和系统并不被局限于任何特定的方面或特征或其组合,所公开的实施例也不要求任何一个或更多个特定的优点存在或解决任何一个或更多个特定的问题。
如本文所使用的,术语“一个”和“至少一个”包含一个或更多个具体的元素。即,如果出现两个特定元素,这些元素中的一个也出现并因而“一个”元素出现。术语“多个”和“复数”意味着两个或更多个的具体的元素。
如本文所使用的,在一系列元素的最后两个之间使用的术语“和/或”意味着任意一个或更多个列出的元素。例如,词组“A、B和/或C”意味着“A”、“B”、“C”、“A和B”、“A和C”、“B和C”或“A、B和C”。
如本文所使用的,术语“被耦接”通常意味着被物理地耦接或被连接,且不排除缺少具体的对立的语言的在被耦接项之间的中间元素的存在。
鉴于本公开的原理可以被应用到许多可能的实施例,应当认识到所说明的实施例仅仅是优选的示例而不应该被认为限制本公开的范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于固定一条或更多条缝线的装置,所述装置包含:
大体盘型的主体,其具有环形外部边缘;
第一凸片和第二凸片,所述第一凸片从所述环形外部主体的第一侧延伸,所述第二凸片从所述环形外部主体的第二侧延伸;
一对弯曲的槽,其从限定所述两个凸片的边的所述外部边缘向内穿过所述主体;
中间狭缝,其连接所述弯曲的槽并隔开所述凸片,所述狭缝和弯曲的槽大体形成通过所述主体的封闭的H型开口,所述狭缝被定尺寸以接收并保持一条或更多条缝线并且所述狭缝两侧的所述凸片的相对边缘形成缝线接合部分;并且
其中所述装置包含有弹性的弹性材料,并且具有当没有缝线被放置在所述狭缝中时的自然配置;
其中当一条或更多条缝线通过所述开口被放置时,所述缝线接合部分被弹性地变形至活动配置;
其中,在所述活动配置中,所述缝线接合部分将挤压力施加到所述一条或更多条缝线上,以限制所述缝线通过所述狭缝沿所述缝线的至少一个纵向方向滑动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置在所述自然配置中具有基本均匀的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置在所述自然位置中具有弯曲的形状,以及凸面主要表面和凹面主要表面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述凸面主要表面在所述自然位置中大体平行于所述凹面主要表面。
5.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述装置被配置为接收通过所述开口来自所述凹面主要表面的一条或更多条缝线,并限制所述接收的缝线朝向所述凹面主要表面滑动通过所述开口。
6.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述凸面主要表面和所述凹面主要表面具有共同的曲率中心轴线。
7.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述凸面主要表面和所述凹面主要表面沿第一方向被弯曲并沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向不被弯曲,所述第一和第二方向二者均垂直于所述装置的厚度方向。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述狭缝具有直的缝线接收部分和在所述缝线接收部分的相对侧上的被配置为阻挡接收的缝线滑入所述弓形的槽的第一和第二成角度的末端部分。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述狭缝具有直的缝线接收部分和在所述缝线接收部分的相对侧上的被配置为阻挡接收的缝线滑入所述弓形的槽的蜿蜒的末端部分。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述弯曲的槽中的每一个终止于放大的圆形部分。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述凸片是相同的。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述凸片是不同的,其中一个大于另一个。
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