CN104426473A - Solar photovoltaic system control method and device - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic system control method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104426473A CN104426473A CN201310393472.3A CN201310393472A CN104426473A CN 104426473 A CN104426473 A CN 104426473A CN 201310393472 A CN201310393472 A CN 201310393472A CN 104426473 A CN104426473 A CN 104426473A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic system control method and device. The device comprises an AD (Analog to Digital) sampling module for sampling voltage and current, a control loop circuit, a driving circuit module and a DC/DC module, wherein the control loop circuit has three control loops which are respectively adjusted and controlled by three PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals sent by an ARM processor, a first loop PWM signal is used for controlling maximum output power tracking of a controller to enable the controller to work at a maximum power point, a second loop PWM signal is used for adjusting the controller to enable the controller to be in a constant-voltage state, a third loop PWM signal is used for adjusting charging current applied by the controller to a battery to enable the controller to be in a constant-current charging mode, and the three control loops seamlessly and alternately work to enable an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller to be always in the optimum working state. The solar photovoltaic system control method and device have the advantages that the MPPT accuracy is effectively improved and is higher than 99 percent, the stability and reliability are high, the situation of misjudgment does not occur and the fault occurring in the controller is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy photovoltaic system control field, particularly a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control method and control device making full use of the solar cell maximal power tracing function of the solar energy photovoltaic system output energy.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of global economy, energy demand is increasing, and solar energy more and more gets more and more people's extensive concerning as a kind of inexhaustible, nexhaustible green energy resource.In solar energy photovoltaic system control method, one of most important method is exactly solar energy MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking maximal power tracing) control method.At present, adopt in the solar energy photovoltaic system control device of this solar energy MPPT method, only has a solar energy photovoltaic system control device realizing solar energy MPPT control method, in this solar energy photovoltaic system control device, adopt solar energy MPPT controller, solar energy MPPT controller, by detecting the real-time power output of solar cell, utilizes microprocessor according to pre-determined control program, control solar cell and export maximum power, utilize solar energy fully.
Current, as power supply, solar cell exports while needing to realize maximum power output, also needs other and controls to export, as constant voltage exports and constant current output.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned defect, a kind of control method and control device of solar energy photovoltaic system are provided.Make solar cell realize constant voltage to export and constant current output.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of control method of solar energy photovoltaic system, and solar panel output is charge in batteries by DC/DC conversion circuit and powers to the load, and when not shining upon, described batteries powers to the load; Comprise the following steps:
The voltage of A, the output voltage detecting solar panel and electric current, detection storage battery;
B, judge whether the power output of solar cell is greater than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then enter standby mode, otherwise turn to step C;
C, judge whether battery capacity is full of, if be not full of, then turn to step D, otherwise turn to step e;
D, control solar cell adopt maximal power tracing mode to export, and turn to steps A;
E, control solar cell adopt constant voltage mode to export;
If when the output current of F solar cell is greater than the current-limiting points of setting, controls solar cell and adopt current constant mode to export, turn to steps A.
Further, in the control method of above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system: be that maximal power tracing mode exports, constant voltage mode exports and current constant mode exports by reaching respectively the switching time of the switching tube of the DC/DC conversion circuit described in the control of generation pulse-width signal in described step D, E, F.
Present invention also offers a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control device, this device comprises the DC/DC conversion circuit with switching tube Q1, solar maximum power tracker, PDM keyer;
The direct-flow input end of described DC/DC conversion circuit connects the output of described solar panel, and the DC output end of described DC/DC conversion circuit connects storage battery and load;
The feedback end of described PDM keyer is connected with described solar maximum power tracker, and the pulse-width signal producing the DC/DC conversion circuit Maximum Power Output described in controlling connects the control end of the switching tube Q1 of described DC/DC conversion circuit;
Also comprise constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker, the feedback end of described PDM keyer respectively with described constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker, produce the control end that pulse-width signal that the DC/DC conversion circuit described in controlling exports constant voltage or constant current meets the switching tube Q1 of described DC/DC conversion circuit respectively;
Described solar maximum power tracker, constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker asynchronous working.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device: also comprise sustained diode 2 in described DC/DC conversion circuit, solar panel is anti-reverse, counter fills diode D1, filter, and described filter comprises inductance L 1 and filter capacitor C2; Described anti-reverse, the anti-anode filling diode D1 connects the positive pole of solar panel, and negative electrode connects the drain electrode of described switching tube Q1, and the source electrode of described switching tube Q1 connects one end of described inductance L 1; The other end of described inductance L 1 is by filter capacitor C2 ground connection, and described filter capacitor C2 two ends are the DC output end of described DC/DC conversion circuit; Between the source electrode that described sustained diode 2 is connected to described switching tube Q1 and ground, the plus earth of described diode D2.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device: also comprise filter capacitor C1 in described DC/DC conversion circuit, between the negative electrode that the two ends of described filter capacitor C1 meet described diode D1 respectively and ground.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device: described maximal power tracing device comprises maximal power tracing ring, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current the first testing circuit, generate the maximum power reference signal generation module regulating maximal power tracing reference signal;
Described maximum power reference signal generation module is connected with the output of the first described testing circuit;
Described maximal power tracing ring comprises resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R1, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, amplifier U1B;
The positive pole of described solar panel is by resistance R7 and resistance R8 series winding ground connection, and the tie point of resistance R7 and resistance R8 connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U1B by resistance R4;
The maximum power reference signal that described maximum power reference signal generation module exports connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U1B by resistance R3, described resistance R1 is connected in parallel between the out-phase end of amplifier U1B and output;
The feedback pin of the PDM keyer described in output termination of amplifier U1B.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device: described constant voltage tracker comprises Voltage loop, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage battery voltage the second testing circuit, generate the constant voltage reference signal generator module regulating constant voltage reference signal;
The output of the second described testing circuit connects constant voltage reference signal generator module;
Described Voltage loop comprises resistance R10, resistance R11, resistance R12, resistance R13, resistance R14, electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7, electric capacity C8, amplifier U2A;
The input of described load is by resistance R13 and resistance R14 series winding ground connection, and described electric capacity C8 is in parallel with described resistance R14, and the tie point of resistance R13 and resistance R14 connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U2A by resistance R12;
The constant voltage reference signal that described constant voltage reference signal generator module exports connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U2A by resistance R11;
Described resistance R6 and electric capacity C6 contact can in parallel with described electric capacity C7 after be concatenated into described amplifier U2A out-phase end and between exporting.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device: described constant current tracker comprises electric current loop, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage battery voltage three testing circuit, generate the constant current reference signal generation module regulating constant current reference signal;
The output termination constant current reference signal generation module of described three testing circuit;
Described electric current loop comprises resistance R2, resistance R5, resistance R6 and electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, amplifier U1A;
The analog signal of described load input current connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U1A by resistance R6;
The constant current reference signal that described constant current reference signal generation module exports connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U1A by resistance R5;
Be concatenated into after in parallel with described electric capacity C5 after described resistance R2 and electric capacity C4 contact between the out-phase end of described amplifier U1A and output.
In the present invention, in the control device of solar energy photovoltaic system except maximal power tracing controller, also have constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker; Make this solar energy photovoltaic system more reliably various as power supply.
Below with reference to drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is; Total theory diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is: control ring schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is: the patten transformation flow chart of invention.
Fig. 4 is: ARM control principle drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is: shelter from heat or light lower multi-peak photovoltaic curve chart in local.
Embodiment
Following content is the further description done the present invention in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention 1 are a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control device, by the control of this control device, the solar cell of solar energy photovoltaic system will have three kinds of output states, first-selection is maximal power tracing state, what export is maximum power, is secondly constant voltage mode, solar energy photovoltaic system constant voltage source, last still current constant mode, solar energy photovoltaic system becomes constant-current source.
In the present embodiment, maximum power reference signal generation module, constant voltage reference signal generator module, constant current reference signal generation module are all intelligent objects, the signal needed for signal acquisition that the program adopting processor to utilize to preserve detects according to first, second and third checkout gear.
The present embodiment from hardware mainly comprise arm processor, sample circuit, DC DC circuit, maximal power tracing control loop circuit, constant voltage tracing control loop circuit, current constant control loop circuit, PWM controller and other circuit.As shown in Figure 1.
Arm processor, according to the input voltage and input current, output voltage electric current, ambient temperature and the output characteristic curve according to solar panel that obtain of sampling, regulates each functional module, realizes sun-generated electric power.
Sample circuit, is used for the signals such as input voltage and input current, output voltage electric current and temperature being transformed into the analog signal that arm processor can accept sampling.
DC DC circuit, be made up of metal-oxide-semiconductor, rectifier diode, inductance, the anti-reverse diode of cell panel and filter capacitor, sampling BUCK topological structure.The PWM ripple duty ratio that control loop produces by regulating PWM controller, control the ON time of DC-DC circuit breaker in middle pipe, just output voltage can be controlled, change the equivalent load of solar panel, thus realize the MPPT maximum power point tracking, constant voltage output, constant current output etc. of solar cell.
PWM controller, is made up of pulse width modulating chip, drive circuit, produces the PWM ripple of corresponding duty ratio according to the feedback signal of control ring output.
Control loop circuit is also part most crucial in the present invention, it has three control rings as shown in Figure 2, be respectively MPPT ring, Voltage loop and electric current loop, three reference signal (VS_MPPT, VS_I, VS_V) regulation and controls all sent by arm processor, arm processor carrys out the operating state of conditioning controller according to the input voltage and input current of sampling, output voltage electric current and load battery change situation.The peak power output that MPPT ring is used for controlling MPPT controller is followed the tracks of, and allows controller effectively can be operated in maximum power point, is namely in MPPT pattern.Voltage loop is used for conditioning controller makes it be in constant voltage mode.Electric current loop is used for the charging current of conditioning controller to cell load, makes it be in constant current charging mode.Three control ring output signals are finally connected to the feedback pin of pwm chip jointly, and the conversion of control DC-DC, makes the seamless conversion work replaced of whole MPPT controller, allow MPPT controller be in the optimum operating state of intelligence all the time.
Concrete control procedure is as follows:
The voltage of A, the output voltage detecting solar panel and electric current, detection storage battery, enters into processor A RM by AD conversion, processes below in ARM;
B, judge whether the power output of solar cell is greater than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then enter standby mode, otherwise turn to step C; Now have two kinds of situations, when a kind of situation is evening, solar panel has output voltage, another situation refers to that sunlight is more weak, and do not have the value utilized, now power output is very little, the power points that of general setting is minimum, when being less than this power, enters holding state.
C, judge whether battery capacity is full of, if be not full of, then turn to step D, otherwise turn to step e;
D, control solar cell adopt maximal power tracing mode to export, and turn to steps A;
E, control solar cell adopt constant voltage mode to export;
If when the output current of F solar cell is greater than the current-limiting points of setting, controls solar cell and adopt current constant mode to export, turn to steps A.
As the entire block diagram that Fig. 1 is controller of the present invention, solar panel export to charge in batteries and other load supplyings, DC/DC conversion circuit (DC-DC change-over circuit) adopts step-down (Buck) circuit, is connected between input source and load.In the specific implementation of circuit, the analog signal such as voltage, electric current and battery tension of the AD sampling module detection control device input of arm processor, judge the state of current system, export three road pwm signals, converted to the benchmark of MPPT ring, Voltage loop and electric current loop by RC filter circuit, controlled by three tunnel loop adjustment, loop output signal is incorporated into the feedback pin of pwm chip, reach the conversion of control DC-DC, realize the power supply of charging to storage battery and load.The change of regulation output voltage, just changes the equivalent load of solar panel, thus realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking, constant voltage source, the constant-current supply of solar cell.
If Fig. 2 is control ring schematic diagram of the present invention, the reference signal of electric current loop, Voltage loop and MPPT ring is respectively VS_I, VS_V and VS_MPPT, and feedback voltage signal is respectively controller output current amplified signal (BAT_I), output voltage signal (OUT+) and input voltage signal (PV+).Any instant, a wherein ring job is only had in three rings, the output signal of three rings passes through D3, D4, D5 is connected to pulse width modulating chip (i.e. pwm chip, the one control IC that the Switching Power Supply of current main flow all adopts, when control circuit output frequency is constant, its output duty cycle is adjusted by the input voltage size of its feedback pin access, thus reach the object of regulated output voltage) feedback pin, the external pull-up VCC of feedback pin, when the work of any ring, its loop exports will drag down feedback pin, make feedback pin change in voltage, thus make pwm chip adjust its output PWM ripple duty ratio.Idle loop, amplifier exports as high level signal, close to amplifier operating voltage, changes inoperative to feedback pin voltage.
MPPT ring is opened loop control, by resistance R7, R8, R1, R3, R4, electric capacity C3, amplifier U1B is formed, PV+ is the input voltage signal of controller, the i.e. output voltage of solar panel, by R7 and R8 dividing potential drop, after dividing potential drop, signal is as the feedback signal of amplifier in-phase end, the error signal that amplifier exports is sent to pwm chip, pwm chip picks up this error voltage signal, be converted into suitable duty ratio and remove control switch pipe Q1, the change of regulation output voltage, change the equivalent load of cell panel, thus realize the change changing controller input voltage.When controller is operated in MPPT pattern, MPPT ring is only had to play regulatory role in three rings, voltage changes and does not work with electric current loop, arm processor regular adjustment VS_MPPT reference signal, just can the input voltage of conditioning controller change in gamut, input current is also along with change, and arm processor calculates each input power value (i.e. the power output of solar panel) regulating controller after change in real time, by software process, thus find out power maximum point.
Voltage loop is closed-loop control, the dynamic change of output voltage can be responded fast, be made up of resistance R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, electric capacity C6, C7, C8, amplifier U2A, OUT+ is the output voltage signal of controller, by R13 and R14 dividing potential drop as feedback signal, this feedback voltage sends into the end of oppisite phase of error amplifier, produces an error voltage signal compared with making it to produce VS_V reference signal with arm processor.Pwm chip picks up this error voltage signal, is converted into suitable duty ratio and removes control switch pipe Q1, thus by the magnitude of voltage of output voltage stabilization a setting.When Voltage loop does not work, the output voltage signal of error amplifier close to the operating voltage of amplifier, so inoperative to loop.
Electric current loop is closed-loop control, can respond the change of output current fast, by the cut-off current of constant output current in setting.Be made up of resistance R2, R5, R6, electric capacity C4, C5, amplifier U1A, BAT_I is the signal after controller output current amplifies, by the end of oppisite phase of R6 resistance feedback to error amplifier, compared with making it to produce VS_I reference signal with arm processor, produce an error voltage signal.Pwm chip picks up this error voltage signal, is converted into suitable duty ratio and removes control switch pipe Q1, thus by the Current Limits flow valuve of constant output current a setting.When electric current loop does not work, the output voltage signal of error amplifier close to the operating voltage of amplifier, so inoperative to loop.
Three mutual alternations of ring, control strategy is: controller detects its output voltage, output current, if the electrical voltage point lower limit of output voltage lower than setting detected, then connect battery capacity also underfill and can not to meet load normal, now, MPPT ring works, arm processor linearly changes VS_MPPT signal, and MPPT ring works, and enters MPPT pattern, realize the MPPT maximum power point tracking of solar cell, as early as possible battery be full of and normally work to load.If controller output voltage reach the magnitude of voltage of setting and the threshold value of output current lower than setting time, think that battery is full of, load also can normally work, and closes VS_MPPT signal, performs Voltage loop, will enter constant voltage mode.Change Voltage loop reference signal VS_V, controller output voltage is corresponding change also; Can fixed reference signal, make controller be fixed on a stable output voltage, if when controller output current exceedes the current-limiting points of setting, MPPT ring and Voltage loop are closed, and electric current loop works automatically, enter constant current mode.If change electric current loop reference signal VS_I, then can corresponding change controller output current limiting electric current.If solar panel input voltage is low and power output is inadequate, or without sunlight, arm processor controls three rings and all do not work, and MPPT controller enters standby mode.
If Fig. 3 is patten transformation flow chart of the present invention.Specifically describe as follows:
1), after controller powers on, whether the first-selected power output detecting solar cell is greater than minimum threshold.Now, whether input voltage and the input power of the AD detection module detection control device of arm processor are greater than minimum threshold, if do not satisfied condition, controller enters standby mode.If met, then jump to (2);
2) the AD detection module of controller judges its output voltage again, if controller output voltage reach the magnitude of voltage of setting and the threshold value of output current lower than setting time, battery is full of, and load also can normally work, and performs Voltage loop, will enter constant voltage mode.Otherwise jump to (3);
3) if the electrical voltage point lower limit of output voltage lower than setting detected, then connect battery capacity also underfill and can not to meet load normal, MPPT ring works, and enters MPPT pattern, realizes the MPPT maximum power point tracking of solar cell.
4) in the process of execution (2) (3), if when controller output current exceedes the current-limiting points of setting, MPPT ring and Voltage loop are closed, and electric current loop works automatically, enter constant current mode.Otherwise jump to (1), start circulation again.
The intelligent parts of the embodiment of the present invention is ARM, as shown in Figure 4, whole Intelligent control electric route arm processor, resistance R9, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, electric capacity C9, C10, C18, C19, C20, C21 and other circuit form, and arm processor is ST Microelectronics
the STM32F103 processor of core.The highest 72MHz of CPU work dominant frequency, multi-channel PWM can be had to export, and output frequency is when 17Khz, and duty cycle resolution can reach 12.STM32F103 processor 14 pin position Sun_In_V is solar panel voltage sense signal, 15 pin position Sun_In_I are solar panel output electric current measure signal, 16 pin position Out_V are controller for solar voltage sense signal, 17 pin position Out_I are controller for solar output electric current measure signal, 11 pin position Temp_Detect are ambient temperature detection signal, and this five tunnel is all sent to the inner high-precision AD sampling module of processor.The PWM module of STM32F103 processor inside produces three road PWM, is respectively PWM1, PWM2 and PWM3.PWM1 signal is MPPT ring PWM, through the RC low pass filter that R16, R19 and electric capacity C18, C19 form, is adjusted to the reference signal VS_MPPT of MPPT ring.PWM2 signal is Voltage loop PWM, through the RC low pass filter that R17, R18 and electric capacity C20, C21 form, is adjusted to the reference signal VS_V of Voltage loop.PWM3 signal is electric current loop PWM, through the RC low pass filter that R20, R21 and electric capacity C9, C10 form, is adjusted to the reference signal VS_I of Voltage loop.Because STM32F103 processor has so high-precision PWM and AD sampling module, when MPPT Mode scans maximum power point, can carry out very precisely trickle adjustment and accurate to calculate, MPPT to follow the tracks of in gamut input range precision up to more than 99.5%.
The multi-peak photovoltaic curve chart that Fig. 5 is solar panel under situation is sheltered from heat or light in local, the output of photovoltaic array is by the impact of intensity of illumination, ambient temperature, weather condition, covering situation and extraneous load, and its output characteristic has nonlinear characteristic.In sunrise and at sunset, the shade that the building of solar cell panel area and trees etc. are formed can cause local to shelter from heat or light situation, thus photovoltaic curve presents multi-peak situation.As shown in Figure 5, cell panel output power curve has two peak values, and P1 is local maximum power point, if system stability is operated in this point, then output is not the maximum power point under conditions present, and real maximum power point is at P2 point.The present invention has three loops and controls, by regulating MPPT ring wherein, can work in whole input voltage range by conditioning controller, thus reach the performance number scanned in whole solar panel output voltage range, arm processor calculates in real time and compares each input power value regulating change Time Controller, thus find out global maximum power point fast, when conditioning controller work input voltage is at 110V, namely have found global maximum power point P2.Do not need just effectively to trace into maximum power point fast by the software algorithm of complexity.
The embodiment of the present invention utilizes and solar photovoltaic cell panel test proves, when various voltage power and solar panel local shelter from heat or light, solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT controller based on arm processor all can find global maximum power point in 10 seconds, and tracking accuracy is up to more than 99.5%.
Claims (8)
1. a control method for solar energy photovoltaic system, solar panel output is charge in batteries by DC/DC conversion circuit and powers to the load, and when not shining upon, described batteries powers to the load; It is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The voltage of A, the output voltage detecting solar panel and electric current, detection storage battery;
B, judge whether the power output of solar cell is greater than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then enter standby mode, otherwise turn to step C;
C, judge whether battery capacity is full of, if be not full of, then turn to step D, otherwise turn to step e;
D, control solar cell adopt maximal power tracing mode to export, and turn to steps A;
E, control solar cell adopt constant voltage mode to export;
If when the output current of F solar cell is greater than the current-limiting points of setting, controls solar cell and adopt current constant mode to export, turn to steps A.
2. the control method of solar energy photovoltaic system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that maximal power tracing mode exports, constant voltage mode exports and current constant mode exports by reaching respectively the switching time of the switching tube of the DC/DC conversion circuit described in the control of generation pulse-width signal in described step D, E, F.
3. a solar energy photovoltaic system control device, comprises the DC/DC conversion circuit with switching tube Q1, solar maximum power tracker, PDM keyer;
The direct-flow input end of described DC/DC conversion circuit connects the output of described solar panel, and the DC output end of described DC/DC conversion circuit connects storage battery and load;
The feedback end of described PDM keyer is connected with described solar maximum power tracker, and the pulse-width signal producing the DC/DC conversion circuit Maximum Power Output described in controlling connects the control end of the switching tube Q1 of described DC/DC conversion circuit;
It is characterized in that: also comprise constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker, the feedback end of described PDM keyer respectively with described constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker, produce the control end that pulse-width signal that the DC/DC conversion circuit described in controlling exports constant voltage or constant current meets the switching tube Q1 of described DC/DC conversion circuit respectively;
Described solar maximum power tracker, constant voltage tracker and constant current tracker asynchronous working.
4. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described DC/DC conversion circuit, also comprise sustained diode 2, solar panel is anti-reverse, counter fills diode D1, filter, and described filter comprises inductance L 1 and filter capacitor C2; Described anti-reverse, the anti-anode filling diode D1 connects the positive pole of solar panel, and negative electrode connects the drain electrode of described switching tube Q1, and the source electrode of described switching tube Q1 connects one end of described inductance L 1; The other end of described inductance L 1 is by filter capacitor C2 ground connection, and described filter capacitor C2 two ends are the DC output end of described DC/DC conversion circuit; Between the source electrode that described sustained diode 2 is connected to described switching tube Q1 and ground, the plus earth of described diode D2.
5. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: also comprise filter capacitor C1 in described DC/DC conversion circuit, between the negative electrode that the two ends of described filter capacitor C1 meet described diode D1 respectively and ground.
6. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described maximal power tracing device comprises maximal power tracing ring, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current the first testing circuit, generate the maximum power reference signal generation module regulating maximal power tracing reference signal;
Described maximum power reference signal generation module is connected with the output of the first described testing circuit;
Described maximal power tracing ring comprises resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R1, resistance R3, resistance R4, electric capacity C3, amplifier U1B;
The positive pole of described solar panel is by resistance R7 and resistance R8 series winding ground connection, and the tie point of resistance R7 and resistance R8 connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U1B by resistance R4;
The maximum power reference signal that described maximum power reference signal generation module exports connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U1B by resistance R3, described resistance R1 is connected in parallel between the out-phase end of amplifier U1B and output;
The feedback pin of the PDM keyer described in output termination of amplifier U1B.
7. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described constant voltage tracker comprises Voltage loop, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage battery voltage the second testing circuit, generate the constant voltage reference signal generator module regulating constant voltage reference signal;
The output of the second described testing circuit connects constant voltage reference signal generator module;
Described Voltage loop comprises resistance R10, resistance R11, resistance R12, resistance R13, resistance R14, electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7, electric capacity C8, amplifier U2A;
The input of described load is by resistance R13 and resistance R14 series winding ground connection, and described electric capacity C8 is in parallel with described resistance R14, and the tie point of resistance R13 and resistance R14 connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U2A by resistance R12;
The constant voltage reference signal that described constant voltage reference signal generator module exports connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U2A by resistance R11;
Described resistance R6 and electric capacity C6 contact can in parallel with described electric capacity C7 after be concatenated into described amplifier U2A out-phase end and between exporting.
8. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described constant current tracker comprises electric current loop, detect described in the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage battery voltage three testing circuit, generate the constant current reference signal generation module regulating constant current reference signal;
The output termination constant current reference signal generation module of described three testing circuit;
Described electric current loop comprises resistance R2, resistance R5, resistance R6 and electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, amplifier U1A;
The analog signal of described load input current connects the out-phase end of described amplifier U1A by resistance R6;
The constant current reference signal that described constant current reference signal generation module exports connects the in-phase end of described amplifier U1A by resistance R5;
Be concatenated into after in parallel with described electric capacity C5 after described resistance R2 and electric capacity C4 contact between the out-phase end of described amplifier U1A and output.
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Address after: 518000 Floors 1-3 and 1-5 of Block A, Block B2, Jinweiyuan Industrial Plant, Longshan District, Pingshan New District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Gold Power Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 518000 First, Second and Fifth Floors of B2 Workshop of Fengyeyuan Industrial Plant, Liuxian Second Road, Baocheng 68 District, Baoan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Shenzhen Gold Power Technology Co., Ltd. |