CN104426473B - A kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control method and control device - Google Patents
A kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control method and control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104426473B CN104426473B CN201310393472.3A CN201310393472A CN104426473B CN 104426473 B CN104426473 B CN 104426473B CN 201310393472 A CN201310393472 A CN 201310393472A CN 104426473 B CN104426473 B CN 104426473B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control method and device, the device includes the AD sampling modules for collection voltages electric current, control loop circuit and drive circuit module and DC DC modules, there are three control rings for control loop circuit, three pwm signals being sent out respectively by arm processor are adjusted and are controlled, the peak power output tracking of first via pwm signal control controller, controller is allowed to be in and is operated in maximum power point, the second road pwm signal is at pressure constant state for adjusting control device.Third road pwm signal is used for adjusting control device to the charging current of battery, is at constant current charging mode.The work of checker that three control rings are seamless, allow MPPT controller intelligence is in optimal working condition always.The present invention effectively raises MPPT tracking accuracies, up to more than 99%, reliable and stable, is not in misjudgment phenomenon, it will be apparent that reduces the fault condition of controller appearance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy photovoltaic system control field, more particularly to one kind makes full use of solar energy photovoltaic system defeated
Go out the solar energy photovoltaic system control method and control device of the solar cell maximal power tracing function of the energy.
Background technology
With the fast development of global economy, energy demand is increasing, solar energy as it is a kind of it is inexhaustible, with it not
The green energy resource exhausted increasingly gets more and more people's extensive concerning.In solar energy photovoltaic system control method, most important method
One of be exactly solar energy MPPT（Maximum Power Point Tracking maximal power tracings）Control method.At present, it adopts
In solar energy photovoltaic system control device with this solar energy MPPT methods, only there are one realize solar energy MPPT control method
Solar energy photovoltaic system control device, in the solar energy photovoltaic system control device, using solar energy MPPT controller, too
It is positive can MPPT controller by detecting the real-time output power of solar cell, using microprocessor according to pre-determined control
Scheme, the maximum power of control solar cell output, fully utilizes solar energy.
Current, as power supply, solar cell output is while needing to realize maximum power output, it is also necessary to have it
It controls output, such as constant pressure output and constant current output.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the foregoing drawbacks, provide a kind of control method of solar energy photovoltaic system and control to fill
It puts.Solar cell is made to realize constant pressure output and constant current output.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of control method of solar energy photovoltaic system, solar panel output pass through
DC/DC conversion circuit charges and powers to the load for accumulator, and when there is no solar radiation, the accumulator group is to negative
Carry power supply；Include the following steps：
A, the output voltage of detection solar panel and electric current, the voltage for detecting accumulator；
B, judge whether the output power of solar cell is more than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then enter and treat
Otherwise machine mode turns to step C；
C, judge whether accumulator capacity is full of, if be not full of, turn to step D, otherwise turn to step E；
D, control solar cell is exported using maximal power tracing mode, turns to step A；
E, control solar cell is exported using constant voltage mode；
F, if the output current of solar cell is more than the current-limiting points of setting, control solar cell uses current constant mode
Output turns to step A.
Further, in the control method of above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system：It is to pass through generation in described step D, E, the F
The switch time of the switching tube of the pulse-width signal control DC/DC conversion circuit respectively reaches maximal power tracing
Mode exports, constant voltage mode exports and current constant mode output.
The present invention also provides a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control device, which includes straight with switching tube Q1
Stream/DC converting circuit, solar maximum power tracker, PDM keyer；
The direct-flow input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit connects the output of the solar panel, described
The direct current output termination accumulator of DC/DC conversion circuit and load；
The feedback end of the PDM keyer is connected with the solar maximum power tracker, generates control
The pulse-width signal of the DC/DC conversion circuit output maximum power connects the DC/DC conversion circuit
The control terminal of switching tube Q1；
Further include constant pressure tracker and constant current tracker, the feedback end of the PDM keyer respectively with it is described
Constant pressure tracker and constant current tracker generate the control DC/DC conversion circuit output constant pressure or constant current respectively
Pulse-width signal connects the control terminal of the switching tube Q1 of the DC/DC conversion circuit；
Solar maximum power tracker, constant pressure tracker and the constant current tracker asynchronous working.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device：It is also wrapped in the DC/DC conversion circuit
Sustained diode 2 is included, solar panel is anti-reverse, reversely charging diode D1, wave filter, and the wave filter includes inductance L1
With filter capacitor C2；Anti-reverse, reversely charging diode D1 anode connects the anode of solar panel, and cathode connects described
The drain electrode of switching tube Q1, the source electrode of the switching tube Q1 connect one end of the inductance L1；The other end of the inductance L1
It is grounded by filter capacitor C2, the filter capacitor C2 both ends are the DC output end of the DC/DC conversion circuit；
The sustained diode 2 is connected between the source electrode and ground of the switching tube Q1, and the anode of the diode D2 connects
Ground.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device：It is also wrapped in the DC/DC conversion circuit
The both ends for including filter capacitor C1, the filter capacitor C1 are connect respectively between the cathode and ground of the diode D1.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device：The maximal power tracing device includes maximum
The output voltage of power tracking ring, the detection solar panel and the first detection circuit of output current, generation are adjusted
The maximum power reference signal generation module of maximal power tracing reference signal；
The maximum power reference signal generation module is connected with the output of first detection circuit；
The maximal power tracing ring includes resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R1, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitance C3, fortune
Put U1B；
The anode of the solar panel is grounded by resistance R7 and resistance R8 series windings, the company of resistance R7 and resistance R8
Contact connects the in-phase end of the amplifier U1B by resistance R4；
The maximum power reference signal of the maximum power reference signal generation module output is connect described by resistance R3
Amplifier U1B out-phase end, the resistance R1 be connected in parallel on amplifier U1B out-phase end and output between；
The feedback foot of PDM keyer described in the output termination of amplifier U1B.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device：The constant pressure tracker includes Voltage loop, inspection
The output voltage and output current of solar panel described in surveying, the second detection circuit of the voltage of accumulator, generation are adjusted
The constant voltage reference signal generator module of constant voltage reference signal；
The output of second detection circuit connects constant voltage reference signal generator module；
The Voltage loop includes resistance R10, resistance R11, resistance R12, resistance R13, resistance R14, capacitance C6, capacitance
C7, capacitance C8, amplifier U2A；
The input terminal of the load passes through resistance R13 and resistance R14 series winding ground connection, the capacitance C8 and the electricity
Resistance R14 is in parallel, and the tie point of resistance R13 and resistance R14 connect the out-phase end of the amplifier U2A by resistance R12；
The constant voltage reference signal of the constant voltage reference signal generator module output connects the amplifier by resistance R11
The in-phase end of U2A；
The resistance R6 and capacitance C6 series windings can it is in parallel with the capacitance C7 after be concatenated into the different of the amplifier U2A
Between Xiang Duanyu outputs.
Further, in above-mentioned solar energy photovoltaic system control device：The constant current tracker includes electric current loop, inspection
The output voltage and output current of solar panel described in surveying, the third detection circuit of the voltage of accumulator, generation are adjusted
The constant current reference signal generation module of constant current reference signal；
The output termination constant current reference signal generation module of the third detection circuit；
The electric current loop includes resistance R2, resistance R5, resistance R6 and capacitance C4, capacitance C5, amplifier U1A；
The analog signal of the load input current connects the out-phase end of the amplifier U1A by resistance R6；
The constant current reference signal of the constant current reference signal generation module output meets the amplifier U1A by resistance R5
In-phase end；
The different of the amplifier U1A is concatenated into after the resistance R2 is in parallel with the capacitance C5 after contacting with capacitance C4
Between Xiang Duanyu outputs.
In the present invention, in the control device of solar energy photovoltaic system in addition to maximal power tracing controller, also constant pressure with
Track device and constant current tracker；Make the solar energy photovoltaic system more various reliable as power supply.
Below with reference to drawings and examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is；Total functional block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is：The control ring schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is：The pattern flow path switch figure of invention.
Fig. 4 is：The ARM control principle drawings of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is：The lower multi-peak photovoltaic curve graph of part shading.
Specific embodiment
The following content is combine specific preferred embodiment to the further description of the invention done, it is impossible to assert
The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, several simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
The embodiment of the present invention 1 is a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control device, passes through the control of the control device, the sun
The solar cell of energy photovoltaic system will be there are three types of output state, and first choice is maximal power tracing state, and output is maximum work
Rate, secondly constant voltage mode, one constant voltage source of solar energy photovoltaic system, last or current constant mode, solar energy photovoltaic system
As constant-current source.
In the present embodiment, maximum power reference signal generation module, constant voltage reference signal generator module, constant current reference signal
Generation module is all intelligent object, the letter detected using processor using the program of preservation according to first, second and third detection device
Number obtain needed for signal.
The present embodiment from hardware mainly include arm processor, sample circuit, DC DC circuits, maximal power tracing control
Loop circuit processed, constant pressure tracing control loop circuit, current constant control loop circuit, PWM controller and other circuits.Such as Fig. 1
It is shown.
Arm processor, the input voltage and input current obtained according to sampling, output voltage electric current, environment temperature and according to too
The output characteristic curve of positive energy solar panel, adjusts each function module, realizes sun-generated electric power.
Sample circuit, for the signals such as input voltage and input current, output voltage electric current and temperature are transformed into arm processor
It can receive the analog signal of sampling.
DC DC circuits, be made of, adopt metal-oxide-semiconductor, rectifier diode, inductance, the anti-reverse diode of solar panel and filter capacitor
Sample BUCK topological structures.The PWM wave duty ratio that control loop is generated by adjusting PWM controller, is opened to control in DC-DC circuit
Close the turn-on time of pipe, it is possible to control output voltage, the equivalent load of solar panel be changed, so as to fulfill solar energy
MPPT maximum power point tracking, constant pressure output, constant current output of battery etc..
PWM controller is made of pulse width modulating chip, driving circuit, and phase is generated according to the feedback signal that control ring exports
Answer the PWM wave of duty ratio.
Control loop circuit is also part most crucial in the present invention, it is altogether there are three control ring as shown in Fig. 2, be respectively
MPPT rings, Voltage loop and electric current loop, three reference signals all sent out by arm processor（VS_MPPT, VS_I, VS_V）It adjusts
Section and control, arm processor are adjusted according to the input voltage and input current of sampling, output voltage electric current and load battery change situation
The working condition of controller.MPPT rings are used for that the peak power output of MPPT controller is controlled to track, and make controller effective
Maximum power point is operated in, i.e., in MPPT patterns.Voltage loop is at constant voltage mode for adjusting control device.Electric current loop is used
Carry out charging current of the adjusting control device to cell load, be at constant current charging mode.Three control ring output signals are final
The feedback foot of pwm chip is commonly connected to, controls the conversion of DC-DC, makes the seamless alternate transformation of entire MPPT controller
Work allows MPPT controller always in intelligent optimal working condition.
Specific control process is as follows：
A, the output voltage of detection solar panel and electric current, the voltage for detecting accumulator, are entered by AD conversion
In processor ARM, handled in ARM below；
B, judge whether the output power of solar cell is more than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then enter and treat
Otherwise machine mode turns to step C；There are two types of situations at this time, and when a kind of situation is evening, solar panel has output voltage,
Another situation refers to that sunlight is weaker, and the value not utilized, output power is very small at this time, one generally set
Minimum power points, when less than the power, into standby mode.
C, judge whether accumulator capacity is full of, if be not full of, turn to step D, otherwise turn to step E；
D, control solar cell is exported using maximal power tracing mode, turns to step A；
E, control solar cell is exported using constant voltage mode；
F, if the output current of solar cell is more than the current-limiting points of setting, control solar cell uses current constant mode
Output turns to step A.
Such as the entire block diagram of controller that Fig. 1 is the present invention, the output of solar panel charges a battery and other
Load supplying, DC/DC conversion circuit（DC-DC conversion circuits）Using decompression (Buck) circuit, it is connected on input source and load
Between.In circuit in the specific implementation, voltage, electric current and the storage of the AD sampling modules detection controller input of arm processor
The analog signals such as cell voltage judge the state of current system, export three road pwm signals, are converted by RC filter circuits
The benchmark of MPPT rings, Voltage loop and electric current loop is controlled by three tunnel loop adjustments, loop output signal is introduced into PWM controls
The feedback foot of chip, to reach the conversion of control DC-DC, to realize the power supply of charging and load to accumulator.Adjust output
The variation of voltage just changes the equivalent load of solar panel, MPPT maximum power point tracking so as to fulfill solar cell,
Constant voltage source, constant-current supply.
Such as the control ring schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is the present invention, the reference signal of electric current loop, Voltage loop and MPPT rings is respectively VS_
I, VS_V and VS_MPPT, feedback voltage signal are respectively controller output current amplified signal（BAT_I）, output voltage
Signal（OUT+）And input voltage signal（PV+）.Any moment, only wherein ring work, the output of three rings in three rings
Signal is connected to pulse width modulating chip by D3, D4, D5（That is pwm chip, at present the Switching Power Supply of mainstream use one
Kind control IC in the case where control circuit output frequency is constant, feeds back the input voltage size of foot access to adjust by it
Its output duty cycle, so as to achieve the purpose that stabilize the output voltage）Feedback foot, feed back the external pull-up VCC of foot, when any one ring
Work when, loop output will drag down feedback foot, make feedback foot voltage change, it is defeated so as to which pwm chip be made to adjust its
Go out PWM wave duty ratio.Idle loop, amplifier output are high level signal, close to amplifier operating voltage, to feeding back foot voltage
Change does not work.
MPPT rings are opened loop control, are made of resistance R7, R8, R1, R3, R4, capacitance C3, amplifier U1B, PV+ devices in order to control
Input voltage signal, i.e. solar panel output voltage, divided by R7 and R8, signal is as the same phase of amplifier after partial pressure
The feedback signal at end, the error signal of amplifier output are sent to pwm chip, and pwm chip picks up this error voltage
Signal is converted into suitable duty ratio and removes control switching tube Q1, adjusts the variation of output voltage, change the equivalent negative of solar panel
It carries, so as to fulfill the variation of controller input voltage is changed.When controller is operated in MPPT patterns, only have MPPT rings to rise in tricyclic
Adjustment effect, voltage is changed not to work with electric current loop, and arm processor is regular to adjust VS_MPPT reference signals, it is possible to adjust
The input voltage of controller changes in entire scope, and input current calculates each tune in real time also with variation, arm processor
The input power value of controller after section variation（That is the output power of solar panel）, handled by software, so as to find out work(
Rate maximum point.
Voltage loop is closed-loop control, can with the dynamic change of quick response output voltage, by resistance R10, R11, R12,
R13, R14, capacitance C6, C7, C8, amplifier U2A are formed, the output voltage signal of OUT+ devices in order to control, pass through R13 and R14 partial pressures
As feedback signal, this feedback voltage is sent into the reverse side of error amplifier, is allowed to generate VS_V benchmark letter with arm processor
It number compares and generates an error voltage signal.Pwm chip picks up this error voltage signal, is converted into and suitably accounts for
Sky is than removing control switching tube Q1, so as to the voltage value for setting output voltage stabilization at one.When Voltage loop does not work, error is put
The output voltage signal of big device close to amplifier operating voltage, so not working to loop.
Electric current loop is closed-loop control, can with the variation of quick response output current, by constant output current setting limit
Flow valuve.It is made of resistance R2, R5, R6, capacitance C4, C5, amplifier U1A, BAT_I amplified signals of device output current in order to control,
By the reverse side of R6 resistance feedbacks to error amplifier, it is allowed to produce compared with arm processor generation VS_I reference signals
A raw error voltage signal.Pwm chip picks up this error voltage signal, is converted into suitable duty ratio and control is gone to open
Pipe Q1 is closed, so as to the current limitation value for setting constant output current at one.When electric current loop does not work, error amplifier it is defeated
Go out voltage signal close to the operating voltage of amplifier, so not working to loop.
Three rings alternate work, and control strategy is：Controller detects its output voltage, output current, if detection
To output voltage less than setting electrical voltage point lower limiting value, then the also underfill of connect accumulator capacity and cannot meet load just
Often, at this point, MPPT rings work, arm processor linearly changes VS_MPPT signals, and the work of MPPT rings is real into MPPT patterns
Battery is full of and is worked normally to load as early as possible by the MPPT maximum power point tracking of existing solar cell.If controller exports
When voltage reaches the threshold value of the voltage value of setting and output current less than setting, it is believed that battery has been filled with, and load also can be just
VS_MPPT signals are closed in often work, are performed Voltage loop, will be entered constant voltage mode.Change Voltage loop reference signal VS_V, control
Device output voltage processed also accordingly changes；Controller can be made to be fixed on a stable output voltage with fixed reference signal, if
When controller output current is more than the current-limiting points of setting, MPPT rings and Voltage loop are closed, and electric current loop works automatically, into perseverance
Stream mode.If changing electric current loop reference signal VS_I, it can accordingly change controller output current limiting electric current.If the sun
Can solar panel input voltage is low and output power is inadequate or without sunlight, arm processor controls three rings not work,
MPPT controller enters standby mode.
Such as the pattern flow path switch figure that Fig. 3 is the present invention.It is described in detail below：
1）After the power is turned on, whether the output power of first choice detection solar cell is more than minimum threshold to controller.At this point,
Whether the input voltage and input power of the AD detection modules detection controller of arm processor are more than minimum threshold, if not
Meet condition, controller enters standby mode.If it is satisfied, then it jumps to（2）；
2）The AD detection modules of controller judge its output voltage again, if controller output voltage reaches the voltage of setting
Be worth and output current less than setting threshold value when, battery has been filled with, and load can also work normally, and performs Voltage loop, will be into
Enter constant voltage mode.Otherwise it jumps to（3）；
3）If detect output voltage less than setting electrical voltage point lower limiting value, connect accumulator capacity also underfill with
And load cannot be met normally, the work of MPPT rings into MPPT patterns, realizes the MPPT maximum power point tracking of solar cell.
4）It is performing（2）（3）In the process, if controller output current is more than the current-limiting points of setting, MPPT rings and electricity
Pressure ring is closed, and electric current loop works automatically, into constant current mode.Otherwise it jumps to（1）, start the cycle over again.
The intelligent parts of the embodiment of the present invention are ARM, as shown in figure 4, entire Intelligent control electric routing arm processor, electricity
R9, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, capacitance C9, C10, C18, C19, C20, C21 and other circuits are hindered to form,
Arm processor is ST Microelectronics The STM32F103 processors of core.CPU work dominant frequency
Highest 72MHz can have multi-channel PWM output, and for output frequency in 17Khz, duty cycle resolution can reach 12.
14 foot position Sun_In_V of STM32F103 processors is solar panel voltage sense signal, and 15 foot position Sun_In_I are
Solar panel output electric current measure signal, 16 foot position Out_V be solar controller voltage sense signal, 17 foot positions
Out_I is solar controller output electric current measure signal, and 11 foot position Temp_Detect detect signal for environment temperature, this five
Road is sent to high-precision AD sampling module inside processor.PWM module inside STM32F103 processors generates three road PWM,
Respectively PWM1, PWM2 and PWM3.PWM1 signals are MPPT ring PWM, and the RC formed by R16, R19 and capacitance C18, C19 is low
Bandpass filter is adjusted to the reference signal VS_MPPT of MPPT rings.PWM2 signals are Voltage loop PWM, by R17, R18 and capacitance
The RC low-pass filters of C20, C21 composition are adjusted to the reference signal VS_V of Voltage loop.PWM3 signals are electric current loop PWM, are passed through
The RC low-pass filters of R20, R21 and capacitance C9, C10 composition are adjusted to the reference signal VS_I of Voltage loop.Because
STM32F103 processors have so high-precision PWM and AD sampling modules, in MPPT Mode scans maximum power points, energy
Carry out very precisely subtle adjusting and it is accurate calculate, MPPT tracking precision in gamut input range be up to 99.5% with
On.
Fig. 5 is multi-peak photovoltaic curve graph of the solar panel in locally shading, the output of photovoltaic array by
Intensity of illumination, environment temperature, weather condition, the influence for covering situation and extraneous load, output characteristics have nonlinear characteristic.
In sunrise and at sunset, the shade of the formation such as building and trees around solar panel can cause local shading situation,
So as to which photovoltaic curve shows multi-peak situation.As shown in Figure 5, there are two peak values for solar panel output power curve tool, and P1 is office
Portion's maximum power point, if system steady operation, in this point, output is not the maximum power point under conditions present, really maximum
Power points is in P2 points.Present invention tool, can be with adjusting control device entire by adjusting MPPT rings therein there are three loop control
It works in input voltage range, so as to reach the performance number scanned in entire solar panel output voltage range, at ARM
Reason device calculates the input power value for comparing controller when adjusting variation every time in real time, so as to rapidly find out global maximum power
Point when adjusting control device works input voltage in 110V, that is, has found global maximum power point P2.It is not required to through the soft of complexity
Part algorithm can quickly and effectively trace into maximum power point.
The embodiment of the present invention utilizes and solar photovoltaic cell panel test proves, in various voltage powers and solar-electricity
For pond plate locally in the case of shading, the solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT controller based on arm processor can be in 10 seconds
Global maximum power point is found, and tracking accuracy is up to more than 99.5%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of control method of solar energy photovoltaic system, solar panel output is by DC/DC conversion circuit to store
Battery charges and powers to the load, and when there is no solar radiation, the accumulator powers to the load；It is characterized in that：Including
Following steps：
A, the output voltage of detection solar panel and electric current, the voltage for detecting accumulator；
B, judge whether the output power of solar panel is more than the minimum power of setting, if negative, then into standby
Otherwise mode turns to step C；
C, judge whether accumulator capacity is full of, if be not full of, turn to step D, otherwise turn to step E；
D, control solar panel is exported using maximal power tracing mode, while detects the output electricity of solar panel
Stream, if the output current of solar panel turns to step F when being more than the current-limiting points of setting；
E, control solar panel is exported using constant voltage mode, while detects the output current of solar panel, if the sun
The output current of energy solar panel turns to step F when being more than the current-limiting points of setting；
F, control solar panel is exported using current constant mode, turns to step A.
2. the control method of solar energy photovoltaic system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described step D, E, the F
In be to be respectively reached by generating the switch time of the switching tube of the pulse-width signal control DC/DC conversion circuit
Maximal power tracing mode exports, constant voltage mode output and current constant mode export.
3. a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system control device, including the DC/DC conversion circuit with switching tube Q1, solar energy is most
High-power tracker, PDM keyer；
The direct-flow input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit connects the output of solar panel, and the DC/DC turns
Change direct current output termination accumulator and the load of circuit；
The feedback end of the PDM keyer is connected with the solar maximum power tracker, generates described in control
The pulse-width signal of DC/DC conversion circuit output maximum power connect the switch of the DC/DC conversion circuit
The control terminal of pipe Q1；
It is characterized in that：Further include constant pressure tracker and constant current tracker, the feedback end difference of the PDM keyer
With the constant pressure tracker and constant current tracker, generate respectively the control DC/DC conversion circuit output constant pressure or
The pulse-width signal of person's constant current connects the control terminal of the switching tube Q1 of the DC/DC conversion circuit；
Solar maximum power tracker, constant pressure tracker and the constant current tracker asynchronous working；
The solar maximum power tracker includes maximal power tracing ring, the output for detecting the solar panel
First detection circuit of voltage and output current, generation adjust the maximum power reference signal production of maximal power tracing reference signal
Raw module；
The maximum power reference signal generation module is connected with the output of first detection circuit；
The maximal power tracing ring includes resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R1, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitance C3, amplifier
U1B；
The anode of the solar panel passes through resistance R7 and resistance R8 series connection ground connection, the connection of resistance R7 and resistance R8
Point connects the in-phase end of the amplifier U1B by resistance R4；
The maximum power reference signal of the maximum power reference signal generation module output connects the fortune by resistance R3
The out-phase end of U1B is put, the resistance R1 is connected in parallel between the out-phase end of amplifier U1B and output；
The feedback foot of PDM keyer described in the output termination of amplifier U1B；
The constant pressure tracker includes Voltage loop, detects the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage
Second detection circuit of the voltage of battery, generation adjust the constant voltage reference signal generator module of constant voltage reference signal；
The output of second detection circuit connects constant voltage reference signal generator module；
The Voltage loop includes resistance R10, resistance R11, resistance R12, resistance R13, resistance R14, capacitance C6, capacitance C7, electricity
Hold C8, amplifier U2A；
The input terminal of the load passes through resistance R13 and resistance R14 series connection ground connection, the capacitance C8 and the resistance
R14 is in parallel, and the tie point of resistance R13 and resistance R14 connect the out-phase end of the amplifier U2A by resistance R12；
The constant voltage reference signal of the constant voltage reference signal generator module output connects the amplifier U2A's by resistance R11
In-phase end；
The out-phase end of the amplifier U2A is concatenated into after the resistance R10 and capacitance C6 series connection is in parallel with the capacitance C7
Between output；
The constant current tracker includes electric current loop, detects the output voltage of solar panel and output current, storage
The third detection circuit of the voltage of battery, generation adjust the constant current reference signal generation module of constant current reference signal；
The output termination constant current reference signal generation module of the third detection circuit；
The electric current loop includes resistance R2, resistance R5, resistance R6 and capacitance C4, capacitance C5, amplifier U1A；
The analog signal of the load input current connects the out-phase end of the amplifier U1A by resistance R6；
The constant current reference signal of the constant current reference signal generation module output connects the same of the amplifier U1A by resistance R5
Xiang Duan；
The out-phase of the amplifier U1A is concatenated into after the resistance R2 is in parallel with the capacitance C5 after connecting with capacitance C4
Between end and output.
4. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The DC/DC turns
It changes in circuit and further includes sustained diode 2, solar panel is anti-reverse, reversely charging diode D1, wave filter, the filtering
Device includes inductance L1 and filter capacitor C2；Anti-reverse, reversely charging diode D1 anode connects the anode of solar panel,
Cathode connects the drain electrode of the switching tube Q1, and the source electrode of the switching tube Q1 connects one end of the inductance L1；The electricity
The other end of sense L1 is grounded by filter capacitor C2, and the filter capacitor C2 both ends are the DC/DC conversion circuit
DC output end；The sustained diode 2 is connected between the source electrode and ground of the switching tube Q1, the afterflow
The plus earth of diode D2.
5. solar energy photovoltaic system control device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The DC/DC turns
It changes in circuit and further includes the both ends of filter capacitor C1, the filter capacitor C1 and connect anti-reverse, the reversely charging diode respectively
Between the cathode and ground of D1.
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