CN101783621B - Global maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic generating system and system device - Google Patents
Global maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic generating system and system device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a global maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic generating system and a system device thereof. The system device comprises an output voltage and current detection circuit and a controller of a photovoltaic cell array and a BOOST circuit, wherein the controller is internally provided with a global maximum power point tracking and controlling algorithm program, the control output end of the controller controls the BOOST circuit by a PWM driving circuit, and the output of the BOOST circuit is connected with a load. The tracking method comprises the following steps of: acquiring an open voltage of the photovoltaic cell array and inputting an initial numerical value; starting the system; and acquiring and calculating the voltages V and the currents I of photovoltaic array cells in various sampling clocks so as to acquire the power P. An identification Direction is set and which side of a voltage point is disturbed is decided according to actual conditions, and the absolute value of a power increment delta P is compared with delta P1 and delta P2 and automatically adjusted according to actual conditions so that the maximum output power of the photovoltaic cell array is realized, and the system has higher electricity conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronics and automatic control technology field, relate in particular to the system and device that a kind of solar photovoltaic generation system is operated in the global maximum power point tracking method under the complex conditions and realizes this method.
Background technology
In solar photovoltaic generation system, solar cell is the most basic link, if will improve the conversion efficiency that overall system efficiency must improve solar cell, makes its output power for maximum.Yet the P-V characteristic of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell has non-linear, and it is along with the variation of external environment (temperature, intensity of sunshine, block etc.) and change, so bad control.But, a certain specific temperature or intensity of sunshine always exist a maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP).Therefore, add control corresponding, solar cell is always worked on the MPP,, improve the conversion efficiency of battery to realize peak power output by certain algorithm.
The peak power output of solar battery array is mainly finished based on adjust load curve under the environmental baseline that changes, and this also is the fundamental basis of present all maximum power tracking methods.Therefore along with the variation of temperature and sun intensity, constantly adjust the output load working point, solar battery array is on the corresponding peak power output point always.
At present MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method that solar photovoltaic generation system is commonly used has: disturbance observation, conductance increment method, decide voltage-tracing, power feedback method, optimum gradient method, stagnate and encircle relative method, intermittent scanning, fuzzy control method, monitor method, neural network prediction method and power match method in real time.
The research of MPPT aspect control theory mainly concentrates on:
(1) optimal control is promptly optimized the efficient mathematical model by setting up, structure method for solving, thereby the output that draws the photovoltaic generating system peak power;
(2) fuzzy logic control, thus it does not need modulator output voltage to avoid the part power loss, by definition input quantity and output quantity and finish the control of MPPT by the fuzzy logic principle in the MATLAB tool box;
(3) artificial neural network control takes place to make the precision of system and stability be improved, effectively Maximum Power Output under the intermittent situation about changing at weather;
(4) adaptive control improves at the shortcoming of fixed step size optimizing, the peak power of tracking solar photovoltaic array faster, and have higher tracking accuracy;
(5) quadratic interpolattion, though the output characteristics of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is non-linear, but at a time its output power can be led continuously with respect to dutycycle, has and only have a limit, therefore adopts quadratic interpolattion to carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking and has tracking performance preferably.
From the MPPT maximum power point tracking progress of research, no matter be Power Electronic Technique application facet or aspect control theory, its research basis all is based on two kinds of methods i.e. disturbance observation, conductance increment method.These methods mainly are adapted to exist on the P-V characteristic single peak point situation, yet will there be a plurality of local maximum power points in the cell panel of photovoltaic generating system P-V family curve under the condition of partial occlusion, so conventional MPPT method can not adapt to well at environmental catastrophe, and under partial occlusion complex conditions such as (as cloud layer, buildings, plants etc.), the working condition of photovoltaic generating system peak power output.Therefore to seek the method for global maximum power point fast be very significant in design, and design simultaneously can improve the global maximum power point tracking means that photoelectric transformation efficiency can reduce cost again and be very important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method, this method can improve the generating efficiency of solar cell.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following design proposal:
A kind of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method, it adopts a photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, the output voltage, the output current detection circuit that have photovoltaic battery array in this tracking means, and controller with a built-in global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program, have timer, A/D converter and PWM width modulation generator in the controller, its PWM output is controlled a BOOST element circuit through the MOS driving circuit, and the output of BOOST element circuit connects load; Described method step is as follows:
1) system initialization: disconnecting consumers, obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc of photovoltaic battery array, the parameter of initialization photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means controller then, wherein: the given magnitude of voltage V of photovoltaic battery array
r=Voc*90%; Set initialization values simultaneously: the timer sampling time T, the step delta V of disturbance unit, sampling number First, the minimum local maximum power point voltage Vmin of photovoltaic generating system generation, the maximum local maximum power point Vmax that photovoltaic generating system takes place, the interior normal sun power irradiation of sampling period that are used for the A/D conversion change the maximum changing value Δ P of the power of caused photovoltaic array output
1The maximum power variation value Δ P that can bear with array
2
2) behind the system initialization, the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array that first time sampling instant is obtained calculate power P 1; And zone bit Direction=-1 is set, and carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, set Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction;
3) sampling instant again of controller is arrived, and the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array of this sampling instant of system acquisition calculate power P, and calculate
The result of this value is compared with " 0 ",, then refresh the value that zone bit Direction is set, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, wait for that next sampling instant is to the processing of carrying out this step more again if be not equal to zero; If
Value equals zero, and a left side then is set disturbs sign Direction=-1, and the voltage V of this point and the value Vmax_last and the Pmax_last of power P are upgraded the memory block that deposits controller in, continues step down;
4) timer another sampling time after step 3 is carved into, and controller is gathered the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array of this sampling instant, calculates power P, calculates and store new power increment Δ P=P-Pmax_last; Absolute value and Δ P with power increment Δ P
1With Δ P
2Compare: if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, then call the method for following the trail of the GMPP subroutine; If | Δ P |≤Δ P
1Or | Δ P | 〉=Δ P
2, return method step 3 is carried out new one and is taken turns circulation;
Wherein, the method step of described tracking GMPP subroutine is:
A) in the method for this subroutine, set voltage disturbance frequency n=1 of photovoltaic battery array in advance;
B) given voltage Vr=Vmax_last+n* Δ V*Direction is set;
C) after the time that the timer of controller is sampled again arrives, obtain this voltage V and electric current I of photovoltaic battery array constantly, and calculate this power P constantly; This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P;
D) if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, continue, otherwise First=0 returns said method step 3;
E) value of judgement symbol position Direction, according to the fructufy line operate of zone bit Direction value:
E-1) as if Direction=-1, and Vr then continues step F down greater than Vmin;
E-2) if Direction=-1, and Vr is not more than Vmin, and n=1 then is set, and Direction=1 gets back to subroutine method step C behind the Vr=Vmax_last;
E-3) if Direction ≠-1, and Vr is not less than Vmax, and then First=0 returns said method step 3;
E-4) as if Direction ≠-1, and Vr then continues step F down less than Vmax;
F) slope calculations dP/dV,
According to
The result of value operates:
F-1) if
Be not more than zero, then set n=n+1, be about to the disturbance step-length and add 1, get back to subroutine method step B;
F-2) if
Greater than zero, continue step G down;
G) result according to the dP/dV value operates:
G-1), continue step H down if dP/dV greater than zero, then is provided with zone bit Direction=1;
G-2), continue step H down if dP/dV less than zero, then is provided with zone bit Direction=-1;
G-3) if
Then power P, the magnitude of voltage V with this point deposits the storer of controller in as Pmax_new, Vmax_new, and further judges:
G-3-1) if Pmax_new is not more than Pmax_last, and zone bit Direction=1, First=0 then, return method step 3;
G-3-2) if Pmax_new is not more than Pmax_last, and zone bit Direction ≠ 1, then set n=1, Direction=1 and Vr=Vmax_last, turn back to subroutine method step B;
G-3-3) if turn back to subroutine method step B after Pmax_new greater than Pmax_last, then sets n=1, Pmax_last=Pmax_new and Vmax_last=Vmax_new;
H) Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction is set, after the timer sampling time that is used for the A/D conversion arrives, the voltage V and the electric current I of this moment photovoltaic battery array of system acquisition, and calculate this power P constantly; This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P, slope calculations dP/dV turns back to subroutine method step G.
The described step delta V of disturbance unit value is the value of a photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage 60%.
The maximum local maximum power point Vmax that described photovoltaic generating system takes place is 90% of photovoltaic battery array open-circuit voltage Voc.
Photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking method of the present invention is based on global maximum power point tracking technique (the Global Maximum Power Point Tracking under the complex conditions, GMPPT) improve the electric energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic battery array, make photovoltaic battery array at environmental catastrophe, and under partial occlusion complex conditions such as (as cloud layer, buildings, plants etc.), photovoltaic generating system always works in maximum power point (mpp).GMPPT control algolithm program is housed in the controller, by detecting output voltage, the output current of photovoltaic battery array, utilize the GMPPT mathematical model of setting up in the GMPPT Control Software that combines based on disturbance observation and adaptive method to come the position of maximum power point in the judgement system, adopt PWM (width modulation) control method, automatically the output current of adjusting photovoltaic generating system is followed the tracks of global maximum power point, realizes the GMPPT function thus.
Emphasis of the present invention is that the research global maximum power point is followed the tracks of (Global Maximum Power Point Tracking, GMPPT) method.Proposed solar photovoltaic generation system and followed the tracks of (Global Maximum Power Point Tracking, GMPPT) method based on the global maximum power point that disturbance observation and adaptive method combine.
This method except that be applicable to the solar photovoltaic generation system photovoltaic array environmental baseline necessarily, being specially adapted to photovoltaic array suddenlys change in illumination, and under partial occlusion complex conditions such as (as cloud layer, buildings, plants etc.), the working condition of photovoltaic generating system peak power output.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) system of the present invention and the global maximum power point track algorithm that has can be adjusted to realize the output power of photovoltaic generating system maximum automatically according to actual conditions, make it have higher electric energy conversion efficiency.
(2) method of the present invention can be fast, stable and realize tracking accurately to maximum power point, and adaptability is strong, no matter is to export in illumination sudden change or the peak power that all can realize photovoltaic array photovoltaic generating system solar cell under complex conditions such as partial occlusion.
(3) realize that system cost of the present invention is lower, be compared to lowly, simple in structure with the quasi-controller cost at present to have vast market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a photovoltaic battery array output P-V family curve under the partial occlusion.
Fig. 2 is the principle of compositionality block scheme of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking means of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the GMPPT program flow diagram of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the subroutine flow chart in the GMPPT algorithm of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment
Photovoltaic battery array is under partial occlusion (cloud layer covering, buildings, plant etc.) situation, its I-V and P-V family curve have a plurality of jumps and peak point, according to its under the different conditions of blocking, obtain about extreme point and be worth the several important observation of dot characteristics most, and photovoltaic battery panel characteristic such as peak power point mutation under the situation of illumination sudden change, Fig. 1 has listed photovoltaic battery array 100*100 photovoltaic array output P-V family curve under partial occlusion.Therefrom as can be seen: have a plurality of local maximum power points on the P-V family curve.The present invention just is being based on this, designs the disposal route of illumination sudden change or the tracking photovoltaic array maximum power point under the partial occlusion situation.
According in a large number photovoltaic battery array being measured and being discovered that there are certain relation in each extreme point and open-circuit voltage, be the integral multiple of open-circuit voltage about 80% in addition.At this characteristic, the present invention is with conventional disturbance observation and adaptive method a kind of new disposal route designed in conjunction, wherein conventional disturbance observation is used to seek local maximum power point LMPP, adaptive method is improving aspect the direction of optimizing, the peak power of tracking solar photovoltaic array faster, and have higher tracking accuracy.At first, the given voltage of photovoltaic battery array is set, and, progressively approaches the maximum power point (GMPP) of photovoltaic battery array by following the trail of local maximum LMPP according to the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic battery array, thus the output that draws the photovoltaic generating system peak power.
In order to realize photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method of the present invention, must be equipped with tracking means, Fig. 2 shows the principle of compositionality block scheme of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means of the present invention one preferred embodiment.
Photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking means of the present invention includes output voltage, the output current detection circuit 3,4 of photovoltaic battery array 1 and photovoltaic battery array; Its innovative point is also to have designed a controller 6 and a BOOST circuit 2; Described controller has A/D conversion and PWM (width modulation) output, and controller is built-in with global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program; The input of the described controller 6 of output termination of the output voltage of described photovoltaic battery array, output current detection circuit 3,4; The control output of controller 6 is through PWM driving circuit 5 control BOOST circuit 2; The output of BOOST circuit connects load 7 (RL).
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, adopt the TMS320F28027 dsp chip for controller 6 core components among this embodiment, be embedded with the global maximum power point track algorithm program of photovoltaic battery array under complex conditions in this dsp chip.The 38 pin output pwm control signal of this controller core parts dsp chip U5, by PWM driving circuit U4 (as: adopting mosfet driver UCC27424) control BOOST circuit, under the environmental baseline that complexity changes, adjust the peak power output that load curve is realized solar battery array to finish.Wherein, the BOOST circuit unit has comprised the M1 in the circuit theory diagrams, L1, D1, the C1 part is universal element circuit, the output of photovoltaic battery array is connected to the drain electrode of high power valve M1 by inductance L 1, be connected to the anode of schottky diode D1 simultaneously, the negative electrode of schottky diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C1, is connected to load RL again.The 38 pin output pwm control signal of controller core parts dsp chip U5 is to 2 pin of pwm driver U4, and 7 pin of U4 export the grid of high power valve M1 to.Negative pole, the load of the source electrode of the negative electrode of photovoltaic cell and high power valve M1, electrochemical capacitor C1 are connected to ground.
Referring to shown in Figure 3, the output voltage detecting circuit of described photovoltaic battery array is made of first resistance R 1 and second resistance R, 2 bleeder circuits and proportional amplifier, wherein, the UA of the voltage of photovoltaic battery array 1 output after first resistance R 1 and second resistance R, 2 dividing potential drops inserts inverting input 2 pin of proportional amplifier U3A again by resistance R 5, and A/D input end 8 pin of dsp chip U5 are received in the output of proportional amplifier U3A.
Among Fig. 3, series connection adds a small resistor R3 in the output loop of photovoltaic battery array, by detecting both end voltage, deliver to current detecting chip U1A, voltage follower U2A is received in the output of U1A, the output of voltage follower U2A is connected to A/D input end 9 pin of dsp chip, is used for the detection of photovoltaic battery array output current.
Photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method of the present invention by above-mentioned tracking means be achieved tracking to the photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point, consult Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, its concrete grammar step is:
One, controlled step (consult shown in Figure 4, as to be photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point of the present invention and to follow the tracks of the master routine method)
Step 1:
System initialization.Disconnecting consumers, photovoltaic battery array Voc (open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic battery array) inputs to dsp processor through signal condition; Dsp processor is provided with the given voltage Vr=Voc*90% of photovoltaic battery array after obtaining the Voc value; Set initialization values simultaneously: be used for minimum local maximum power point voltage Vmin that timer sampling time T, the step delta V of disturbance unit, sampling number First, the photovoltaic generating system of A/D conversion take place, maximum local maximum power point Vmax that photovoltaic generating system takes place (for the photovoltaic battery array open-circuit voltage 90%), normal sun power irradiation changes the maximum changing value Δ P of the power of caused photovoltaic array output in sampling period
1The maximum power variation value Δ P that can bear with array
2
Step 2:
Is the timer sampling time that is used for the A/D conversion of dsp processor to denying? do not arrive, then return step 2.If arrive, then continue step 3.
Step 3:
Dsp processor obtains this voltage V and electric current worker of photovoltaic battery array constantly, and calculates this power P constantly thus.
Step 4:
1. the A/D timer time arrives for the first time, and zone bit Direction=-1 then is set, and shows and will carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, if Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, wherein Δ V is about 60% of a photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage, is disturbance unit's step-length, then goes back to step 2.
2. non-first time, the A/D timer time arrived, and continued step 5.
Step 5:
Calculate
Seek local maximum power point (Local Maximum Power Point, LMPP).
If
Zone bit Direction=1 then is set, shows, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, go back to step 2 carrying out disturbance on this electrical voltage point the right.
If
Zone bit Direction=-1 then is set, shows and to carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, go back to step 2.
If
Then show and find LMPP, a left side is set disturbs sign Direction=-1, and deposit the value of this point (LMPP) voltage, power in Vmax_last, Pmax_last, continue step 6.
Step 6:
Is the A/D timer sampling time to denying? do not arrive, then continue step 6.If arrive, then continue step 7.
Step 7:
Dsp processor obtains the voltage V and the electric current I of this sampling instant photovoltaic battery array, and calculates this power P constantly, obtains new power increment Δ P=P-Pmax_last.
Step 8:
1. if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, show that solar irradiance has sudden change, or block generation, or from not blocking or not, then call and follow the trail of the GMPP subroutine.Here Δ P
1Be meant that in a sampling period normal sun power irradiation changes the maximum changing value of the power of caused photovoltaic array output.Δ P
2Be meant the maximum power variation value that array can bear.
If | Δ P|≤Δ P
1Or | Δ P | 〉=Δ P
2, show that illumination do not have sudden change or do not exist and block, or Δ P is unusual.Go back to step 2;
Step 9:
The GMPP subroutine is followed the trail of in operation, and behind the end of run, then First=0 turns back to the said method step 2.
Two, follow the trail of GMPP mode (promptly follow the trail of GMPP subroutine method, consult shown in Figure 5)
Step 1:
If voltage disturbance frequency n=1 of photovoltaic battery array.
Step 2:
Given voltage Vr=Vmax_last+n* Δ V*Direction is set.
Step 3:
Is the dsp processor A/D timer sampling time to denying? do not arrive, then continue book program technic step 3.If arrive, then continue step 4.
Step 4:
Dsp processor obtains this voltage V and electric current I of photovoltaic battery array constantly, and calculates this power P constantly.This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P.
Step 5:
1. if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, execution in step six.
If | Δ P |≤Δ P
1Or | Δ P | 〉=Δ P
2, show that illumination do not have sudden change or do not exist and block, or show that Δ P is changed to unusually that then First=0 returns above-mentioned master routine method step two.
Step 6:
1. if zone bit Direction=-1 shows it is disturbance left now, execution in step seven.
2. if zone bit Direction is not-1, show it is disturbance to the right now, execution in step eight.
Step 7:
1. if Vr≤Vmin (Vmin is meant that GMPP may not take place when being lower than this value) shows that the disturbance of turning left has arrived the border, the disturbance of should turning right this moment is sought again, and n=1 is set, Direction=1, and Vr=Vmax_last returns step 3.
2. as if Vr＞Vmin, show also and can continue disturbance left, change step 9 over to.
Step 8:
1. Vr 〉=Vmax if (Vmax be photovoltaic battery array open-circuit voltage 90%), then First=0 returns above-mentioned master routine method step two.
2. as if Vr＜Vmax, show also and can continue disturbance to the right, change step 9 over to.
Step 9: slope calculations dP/dV.
If
Then seek local maximum power point (Local Maximum Power Point, LMPP).Change step 10 over to.
If
N=n+1 then, i.e. disturbance step-length adds 1, returns book program technic step
Step 10:
If
Zone bit Direction=1 then is set, shows, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, change step 11 over to carrying out disturbance on this some the right.
If
Zone bit Direction=-1 then is set, shows and to carry out disturbance on this left side, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, change step 11 over to.
If
Then show and find new LMPP, and deposit this point (LMPP) power, magnitude of voltage in Pmax_new, Vmax_new, change step 13 over to.
Step 11:
Is the A/D timer sampling time to denying? do not arrive, then continue step 11.If arrive, then change step 12 over to.
Step 12:
Dsp processor obtains this voltage V and electric current I of photovoltaic battery array constantly, and calculates this power P constantly.This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P, slope calculations dP/dV changes step 10 over to.
Step 13:
Whether Pmax_new is greater than Pmax_last in check.
1. if Pmax_new＞Pmax_last then is provided with n=1, Pmax_last=Pmax_new, Vmax_last=Vmax_new return book program technic step 2.
2. if Pmax_new≤Pmax_last, execution in step 14.
Step 14:
1. if Direction=1 shows disturbance to the right, there is not GMPP in the right, and then First=0 returns above-mentioned master routine method step two.
2. if Direction=-1 shows disturbance left, zone bit n=1 is set, Direction=1, Vr=Vmax_last returns book program technic step 2.
In real work, photovoltaic battery array is under the sunlight strength sudden change conditions, and the peak power output of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell array is also different under the condition of blocking, and this characteristic is also relevant with the temperature of cell panel, temperature raises, and the output power of cell panel just descends.In order under different condition, to obtain maximum output power, need choose the working point of the voltage and current of best photovoltaic battery array from photovoltaic battery array.The GMPPT control algolithm that designs in photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking method of the present invention and the system and device can realize maximum output power, thereby has improved the conversion ratio of sun power.This GMPPT control algolithm is with conventional disturbance observation and adaptive method a kind of new disposal route designed in conjunction, wherein conventional disturbance observation is used to seek local maximum power point LMPP, adaptive method is improving aspect the direction of optimizing, the peak power of tracking solar photovoltaic array faster, and have higher tracking accuracy.At first, the given voltage of photovoltaic battery array is set, and, progressively approaches the maximum power point (GMPP) of photovoltaic battery array by following the trail of local maximum LMPP according to the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic battery array, thus the output that draws the photovoltaic generating system peak power.
Follow the trail of in the design of (GMPPT) method from global maximum power point, can judge the situation of blocking from nothing, and can the P-V family curve when nothing is blocked jump to P-V family curve when blocking, carry out the tracking of global maximum power point GMPP, thereby reach rapidity, stability and the accuracy of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process, realize that photovoltaic array is in illumination sudden change and the peak power output of photovoltaic generating system solar cell under complex conditions such as partial occlusion.
Claims (4)
1. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method, it adopts a photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, the output voltage, the output current detection circuit that have photovoltaic battery array in this tracking means, and controller with a built-in global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program, have timer, A/D converter and PWM width modulation generator in the controller, its PWM output is controlled a BOOST element circuit through the MOS driving circuit, and the output of BOOST element circuit connects load; It is characterized in that described method step is as follows:
1) system initialization: disconnecting consumers, obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc of photovoltaic battery array, the parameter of initialization photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means controller then, wherein: the given magnitude of voltage V of photovoltaic battery array
r=Voc*90%; Set initialization values simultaneously: the timer sampling time T, the step delta V of disturbance unit, sampling number First, the minimum local maximum power point voltage Vmin of photovoltaic generating system generation, the maximum local maximum power point Vmax that photovoltaic generating system takes place, the interior normal sun power irradiation of sampling period that are used for the A/D conversion change the maximum changing value Δ P of the power of caused photovoltaic battery array output
1The maximum power variation value Δ P that can bear with photovoltaic battery array
2
2) behind the system initialization, the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array that first time sampling instant is obtained calculate power P 1; And zone bit Direction=-1 is set, and carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, set Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction;
3) sampling instant again of controller is arrived, and the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array of this sampling instant of system acquisition calculate power P, and calculate
The result of this value is compared with " 0 ",, then refresh the value that zone bit Direction is set, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, wait for that next sampling instant is to the processing of carrying out this step more again if be not equal to zero; If
Value equals zero, and a left side then is set disturbs sign Direction=-1, and the voltage V of this point and the value Vmax_last and the Pmax_last of power P are upgraded the memory block that deposits controller in, continues step down;
4) timer another sampling time after step 3 is carved into, and controller is gathered the voltage V and the electric current I of the photovoltaic battery array of this sampling instant, calculates power P, calculates and store new power increment Δ P=P-Pmax_last; Absolute value and Δ P with power increment Δ P
1With Δ P
2Compare: if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, then call the method for following the trail of the GMPP subroutine; If | Δ P|≤Δ P
1Or | Δ P| 〉=Δ P
2, return said method step 3 and carry out new one and take turns circulation;
Wherein, the method step of described tracking GMPP subroutine is:
A) in the method for this subroutine, set voltage disturbance frequency n=1 of photovoltaic battery array in advance;
B) given voltage Vr=Vmax_last+n* Δ V*Direction is set;
C) after the time that the timer of controller is sampled again arrives, obtain this voltage V and electric current I of photovoltaic battery array constantly, and calculate this power P constantly; This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P;
D) if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, continue, otherwise First=0 returns said method step 3;
E) value of judgement symbol position Direction, according to the fructufy line operate of zone bit Direction value:
E-1) as if Direction=-1, and Vr then continues step F down greater than Vmin;
E-2) if Direction=-1, and Vr is not more than Vmin, and n=1 then is set, and Direction=1 gets back to subroutine method step C behind the Vr=Vmax_last;
E-3) if Direction ≠-1, and Vr is not less than Vmax, First=0 then, return method step 3;
E-4) as if Direction ≠-1, and Vr then continues step F down less than Vmax;
F) slope calculations dP/dV,
According to
The result of value operates:
F-1) if
Be not more than zero, then set n=n+1, be about to the disturbance step-length and add 1, get back to subroutine method step B;
F-2) if
Greater than zero, continue step G down;
G) result according to the dP/dV value operates:
G-1), continue step H down if dP/dV greater than zero, then is provided with zone bit Direction=1;
G-2), continue step H down if dP/dV less than zero, then is provided with zone bit Direction=-1;
G-3) if
Then power P, the magnitude of voltage V with this point deposits the storer of controller in as Pmax_new, Vmax_new, and further judges:
G-3-1) if Pmax_new is not more than Pmax_last, and zone bit Direction=1, then First=0 returns said method step 3;
G-3-2) if Pmax_new is not more than Pmax_last, and zone bit Direction ≠ 1, then set n=1, Direction=1 and Vr=Vmax_last, turn back to subroutine method step B;
G-3-3) if turn back to subroutine method step B after Pmax_new greater than Pmax_last, then sets n=1, Pmax_last=Pmax_new and Vmax_last=Vmax_new;
H) Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction is set, after the timer sampling time that is used for the A/D conversion arrives, the voltage V and the electric current I of this moment photovoltaic battery array of system acquisition, and calculate this power P constantly; This power and a preceding power subtracted each other obtain power increment Δ P, slope calculations dP/dV turns back to subroutine method step G.
2. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described method step 3
Value compares with " 0 ", if
Then refresh zone bit Direction=1 is set; If
Then refresh zone bit Direction=-1 is set.
3. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step delta V of disturbance unit value is 55%～65% a value of a photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage.
4. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the maximum local maximum power point Vmax that described photovoltaic generating system takes place is 90% of photovoltaic battery array open-circuit voltage Voc.
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