CN105652951B - A kind of variable step MPPT control method - Google Patents
A kind of variable step MPPT control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105652951B CN105652951B CN201610148463.1A CN201610148463A CN105652951B CN 105652951 B CN105652951 B CN 105652951B CN 201610148463 A CN201610148463 A CN 201610148463A CN 105652951 B CN105652951 B CN 105652951B
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of variable step MPPT control method, including photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model are established, and booster circuit model is established to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking on the basis of solar-electricity pool model.Output voltage, the current value of photovoltaic cell are obtained, calculates Δ Uk、ΔIk、ΔUk+1、ΔIk+1And Δ P.Calculate and judge whether parameter H is more than 0.If H ＞ 0, still maximum power point is searched using big step-length conductance increment method；If during H≤0, the tracing step of system diminishes, and is allowed to rapid desufflation near maximum power point；If external environment condition changes unobvious, cause the trickle change of internal system power, then export H=1；If external environment condition is undergone mutation, and is changed greatly, cause Δ P larger, exceeded default limiting value lim Δ P, then exported H=1.This method uses big step-length conductance increment method when from maximum power point farther out, and ability of tracking is improved；Close to after maximum power point, small step-length tracking scheme is switched to, improves the average output power of photovoltaic module.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular it relates to a kind of variable step MPPT control method.
Background technology
Solar energy as inexhaustible regenerative resource, the utilization of solar energy in the range of the world today
It is highly valued.But the power output of solar cell is nonlinear, and output of the environmental change to its electric energy has
Very big influence.Maximum power point tracking technology (Maximum Power Point Tracking) can efficiently solve tradition
The problem of efficiency in photovoltaic generating system is too low, cost is too high, give full play to the efficiency of photovoltaic module.
Common MPPT control method includes fixed voltage method (CTV), perturbation observation method (P＆O), conductance increment method (INC)
Deng.Fixed voltage method algorithm is simple, stability is high, but systematic tracking accuracy is poor.Perturbation observation method is to sensor accuracy requirement
It is not high, but less stable, easily cause system capacity loss, and the bad determination of tracing step.Although intelligent algorithm has very well
Control effect, but control algolithm is complicated, relies on historical experience, and the design cost of controller is higher.Conductance increment method passes through
The voltage and output current at photovoltaic cell both ends are detected, and between the rate of change and output current, voltage according to power vs. voltage
Relation complete MPPT maximum power point tracking.WhenWhen, now operating point in the left side of maximum power point, it is necessary to increase
Reference voltage；WhenWhen, now operating point at maximum power point, it is necessary to keep reference voltage constant；WhenWhen, now operating point on the right side of maximum power point, it is necessary to reduce reference voltage.Conductance increment method is to maximum work
The accuracy of judgement of rate point, concussion is small, but equally exists step-length selection and erroneous judgement problem.Fixed step size has influence on maximum power point
The control effect of tracking, rapidity and stability can not be taken into account.Existing variable step control method improve system it is quick with
Track ability and steady state effect, but design difficulty and cost are higher, and versatility is poor.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of variable step MPPT control method, and the step-length for solving conductance increment method selects and external rings
Erroneous judgement problem when border is mutated, realize simple.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
Variable step MPPT control method is characterized in：Photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model are established, gathers photovoltaic electric
The output voltage and output current value in pond, whether it is more than 0 to select suitable step size scheme by critical parameter H, makes operating point
Can fast and stable close to maximum power point, and logical overpowering change judges whether external environment undergos mutation, and gives H to assign
Value is to select suitable step size scheme.
A kind of variable step MPPT control method, comprises the following steps：
Step (1)：Photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model are established by MPPT control circuits, and in solar cell mould
Booster circuit model is established on the basis of type to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking；
Step (2)：The output voltage U (k-1) and electric current I (k-1) at photovoltaic cell current k-1 moment are obtained, is then being worked as
Increase a component of voltage Δ U on the basis of preceding output voltage, draw the voltage U (k) and electric current I (k) at k moment, calculate Δ Uk,
ΔIk；Increase a component of voltage Δ U again, draw the voltage U (k+1) and electric current I (k+1) at k+1 moment, and Δ is calculated
Uk+1, Δ Ik+1, Δ P；
Step (3)：Established by traditional fixed step size conductance increment method and analyze the P-U characteristic curves of photovoltaic battery panel, most
The slope of high-power point is 0, is hadUnderstand at maximum power point,
WhenWhen, ensure system to peak power, it is necessary to increase reference voltage on the left of maximum power point
Point is close；
WhenWhen, ensure system to maximum power point, it is necessary to reduce reference voltage on the right side of maximum power point
It is close；
On the left of characteristic curveOn the right side of curveEstablish parameter
If H ＞ 0, illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still using big step-length conductance increment
Method searches maximum power point；Conversely, tracing step diminishes, calculate and judge whether parameter H is more than 0；
Step (4)：If H ＞ 0, still maximum power point, return to step (2) are searched using big step-length conductance increment method；If H
When≤0, reduce the tracing step of system, be allowed to rapid desufflation near maximum power point, perform step (5)；
Step (5)：If external environment condition changes unobvious, cause the trickle change of internal system power, then export H=-1,
Return to step (2)；If external environment condition is undergone mutation, and is changed greatly, cause Δ P larger, exceed default limiting value lim
Δ P, then export H=1, return to step (2).
Further, in the step (1), the equation that booster circuit model obtains is：U=(1-D) Udc；In formula, D is boosting
The dutycycle of transistor in circuit；U is solar cell output voltage；UdcFor booster circuit instantaneous output voltage.
Further, in the step (2), Δ Uk=U (k)-U (k-1), Δ Ik=I (k)-I (k-1)；ΔUk+1=U (k+
1)-U (k), Δ Ik+1=I (k+1)-I (k), Δ P=U (k+1) I (k+1)-U (k) I (k), the Current Voltage by detecting
Value is calculated.
After above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the advantages that：1. MPPT fixed step size control methods are compared, from most
High-power point farther out when H ＞ 0, illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, using big step-length conductance increment method, ability of tracking
It is improved；Close to after maximum power point, H ＜ 0, small step-length tracking scheme is switched to, makes operating point near maximum power point
Work, improve the average output power of photovoltaic module.Therefore, system can quickly and stably track maximum power point.
2. comparing intelligent variable step MPPT control method, this method design is simple, system cost is relatively low, independent of historical experience.3.
When external environment condition changes, changed power has exceeded certain threshold value, and step-length is carried out by the method to parameter H assignment
Selection, while tracing step is changed into normal, so that system quickly tracks external environment condition change, efficiently solves conductance increment method
The caused erroneous judgement problem when external environment is undergone mutation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the variable step MPPT control method flow chart that the present invention is implemented.
Fig. 2 is MPPT control circuits.
Fig. 3 is the C-V characteristic I-V curve of photovoltaic cell.
Fig. 4 is the output characteristics P-V curves of photovoltaic cell.
Fig. 5 is the control flow chart of conductance increment method.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of conductance increment method.
Fig. 7 is the course of work schematic diagram of the MPPT control method.
Embodiment
The present invention is further explained below according to Figure of description and specific embodiment.It should be appreciated that herein
Described embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
The present invention gathers the output voltage of photovoltaic cell and defeated by establishing photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model
Go out current value, whether critical parameter H is more than 0 to select suitable step size scheme, as H ＞ 0, uses big step-length conductance increment method
Search maximum power point, be tracked using small step-length conductance increment method during H≤0, with enabling operating point fast and stable it is close most
It is high-power, and make use of the change of power to judge whether external environment undergos mutation, to H assignment to select suitably to walk
Long scheme.Comprise the following steps：
Step (1)：Establish photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model., and built on the basis of solar-electricity pool model
Liter volt circuit model is to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking；
Step (2)：The output voltage U (k-1) and electric current I (k-1) at photovoltaic cell current k-1 moment are obtained, is then being worked as
Increase a component of voltage Δ U on the basis of preceding output voltage, draw the voltage U (k) and electric current I (k) at k moment, calculate Δ Uk,
ΔIk；Increase a component of voltage Δ U again, draw the voltage U (k+1) and electric current I (k+1) at k+1 moment, and Δ is calculated
Uk+1, Δ Ik+1, Δ P；Draw the voltage U (k+1) and electric current I (k+1), Δ U at k+1 momentk+1=U (k+1)-U (k), Δ Ik+1=I
(k+1)-I (k), Δ P=U (k+1) I (k+1)-U (k) I (k).
Step (3)：By analyzing the P-U characteristic curves of photovoltaic battery panel, the slope for depositing maximum power point is 0, because
This, hasUnderstand at maximum power point,When
When, it is necessary to which increasing reference voltage ensures that system is close to maximum power point on the left of maximum power point；WhenWhen,
, it is necessary to which reducing reference voltage ensures that system is close to maximum power point on the right side of maximum power point；It is so left in characteristic curve
SideOn the right side of curveEstablish parameterIf H ＞ 0,
Illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still using big step-length conductance increment method search
Maximum power point；Conversely, step-length diminishes, calculate and judge whether parameter H is more than 0；
Step (4)：If H ＞ 0, illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still make
Maximum power point, return to step (2) are searched with big step-length conductance increment method；If during H≤0, operating point have passed through maximum power point,
Now the tracing step of system diminishes, and is allowed to rapid desufflation near maximum power point, performs step (5).
Step (5)：If external environment condition changes unobvious, cause the trickle change of internal system power, now still can be with
Scanned for using small step length, then export H=-1, return to step (2)；If external environment condition is undergone mutation, and is changed greatly, lead
Cause Δ P larger, exceeded default limiting value lim Δ P, then exported H=1, return to step (2).
Illustrate the specific implementation step of this method in detail further below.
In order to verify method of the present invention, variable step MPPT control method flow chart is as shown in figure 1, including following step
Suddenly：
Step (1)：According to the MPPT control circuits shown in Fig. 2, photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model are established.The electricity
Lu Zhong, output voltage, output current and the power output of photovoltaic device, therefore I can be influenceed by switching S dutycycle D change
Can according to a certain momentSignal adjust S work, make PPVIncrease is until last Maximum Power Output.Photovoltaic
The C-V characteristic I-V curve of battery is as shown in figure 3, output characteristics P-V curves are as shown in Figure 4.
The model is using the electric parameter (I under four standard test conditions of solar cell offersc、Voc、Im、Vm)。
Wherein I-V equations are：
In formula：I is solar-electricity
Pond output current；U be solar cell output voltage now, Sref=1000W/m2、Tref=25 DEG C are strong with reference to solar radiation
Degree and reference battery temperature.
Any radiation intensity and at a temperature of solar cell temperature equation be：
T=Ta+K×S
T in formulaaFor environment temperature；Solar cell temperature coefficient when K is change in radiation intensity；S is that solar radiation is strong
Degree.
Under actual light intensity and temperature conditionss, corresponding electric parameter is as follows：
In formula：
Δ T is the difference of actual battery temperature and reference battery temperature；
Δ S is that Relative illumination is poor；
S is solar radiation intensity；
I’scFor short circuit current, U 'ocFor open-circuit voltage, I 'mFor maximum power point electric current, U 'mFor maximum power point voltage；
α, β, γ are constant, value α=0.0025/ DEG C, β=0.5/ DEG C, γ=0.00288/ DEG C.
Booster circuit model is established on the basis of solar-electricity pool model to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking.Booster circuit
The equation that model obtains is：
U=(1-D) Udc
In formula：D is the dutycycle of transistor in booster circuit；U is solar cell output voltage；UdcFor booster circuit wink
When output voltage.
Step (2)：The output voltage U (k-1) and electric current I (k-1) at photovoltaic cell current k-1 moment are obtained, is then passed through
Transistor dutycycle D is adjusted, it is increased a component of voltage Δ U on the basis of current output voltage, draws the voltage at k moment
U (k) and electric current I (k), calculates Δ Uk=U (k)-U (k-1), Δ Ik=I (k)-I (k-1)；
Increase a component of voltage Δ U again, draw voltage U (k+1) and electric current I (k+1) at the k+1 moment,
ΔUk+1=U (k+1)-U (k), Δ Ik+1=I (k+1)-I (k),
Δ P=U (k+1) I (k+1)-U (k) I (k).
Step (3)：Calculating parameterJudge whether H is more than 0.Δ U represent with
Track step-length.
Conductance increment method belongs to the more commonly used algorithm of MPPT controls, and its control flow chart is as shown in Figure 5.By analyzing light
The P-U characteristic curves for lying prostrate cell panel are understood, are 0 in the slope of maximum power point, therefore, have
At maximum power point,WhenWhen, it is necessary to increase ginseng on the left of maximum power point
Examine voltage and ensure that system is close to maximum power point；WhenWhen, it is necessary to reduce reference on the right side of maximum power point
Voltage ensures that system is close to maximum power point.Conductance increment method schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 6.
As the above analysis, on the left of characteristic curveOn the right side of curveIf H ＞ 0,
Illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still using big step-length conductance increment method search
Maximum power point；Conversely, step-length diminishes.
Fig. 7 is the control method course of work schematic diagram, is comprised the following steps that：(1) using A points as initial point, using big step
Long conductance increment method searches for maximum power point, have passed through B, C point, knows kBA＞ 0, kCB＞ 0, i.e. H ＞ 0.Here find out for the first time
Value by maximum power point and the H when being worked in one side is consistent；(2) still increased in next step using big step-length conductance
Amount method is tracked, but because conductance increment method detects the point on right side, is needed to reduce reference voltage and is ensured system
It is close to maximum power point.Then obtain D points, and kCD＜ 0, then H ＜ 0；(3) because H ＜ 0, tracking is changed to small step-length conductance
Method of addition, until finally approaching maximum power point；(4) if external environment condition is undergone mutation, and change greatly, then pass through tax
The method that value H is 1 is changed to big step size scheme.
In control process, there are two kinds of different tracing step value Δ U to be controlled for MPPT.In initial time or sunshine
Higher value is used during mutation, smaller value is used when photovoltaic device is operated near maximum power point, can play, which reduces power, shakes
The effect swung.
Step (4)：If H ＞ 0, illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still make
Maximum power point, efficiency comes first, return to step (2) are searched with big step-length conductance increment method；If during H≤0, operating point have passed through most
High-power, now tracing step diminishes, and rapid desufflation is allowed to near maximum power point, compared to fixed step size MPPT controlling parties
Method, the average output power of photovoltaic device is improved, perform step (5) afterwards.
Step (5)：If external environment condition changes unobvious, cause the trickle change of internal system power, now still can be with
Scanned for using small step length, then export H=-1, return to step (2)；If external environment condition is undergone mutation, and is changed greatly, lead
Cause Δ P larger, exceeded default limiting value lim Δ P, then exported H=1, return to step (2).
In summary, big step-length conductance increment method is used when from maximum power point farther out, ability of tracking is improved；Connect
After nearly maximum power point, small step-length tracking scheme is switched to, operating point is worked near maximum power point, improves photovoltaic group
The average output power of part.Therefore, system can quickly and stably track maximum power point.This method design is simple, is
Cost of uniting is relatively low, independent of historical experience.When external environment condition changes, changed power has exceeded certain threshold value, leads to
The method to parameter H assignment is crossed to carry out step-length selection, while tracing step is changed into normal, so that system quickly tracks external rings
Border changes, and efficiently solves conductance increment method caused erroneous judgement problem when external environment is undergone mutation.
The variable step MPPT control method has higher efficiency and stability, and designs simply, and cost is relatively low, is easy to
Realize.And Miniature inverter is restricted by volume and cost, this method high efficiency, low cost, easy the characteristics of realizing, show
The higher compatible degree with micro- inverse system, therefore this method can be successfully applied in micro- backlight photovoltaic generating system, had good
Practical value.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " illustrative examples ",
The description of " example ", " specific example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, the knot that the embodiment or example describe
Structure, material or feature are contained at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.In this manual, to above-mentioned term
Schematic representation is not necessarily referring to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the spy of description
Point can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or example.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that：Not
In the case of departing from the principle and objective of the present invention a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments, this
The scope of invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of variable step MPPT control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step (1)：Photovoltaic cell model and booster circuit model are established by MPPT control circuits, and in solar-electricity pool model
On the basis of establish booster circuit model to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking；
Step (2)：The output voltage U (k-1) and electric current I (k-1) at photovoltaic cell current k-1 moment are obtained, then current defeated
Go out and increase a component of voltage Δ U on the basis of voltage, draw the voltage U (k) and electric current I (k) at k moment, calculate Δ Uk, Δ Ik；
Increase a component of voltage Δ U again, draw the voltage U (k+1) and electric current I (k+1) at k+1 moment, and Δ U is calculatedk+1,
ΔIk+1, Δ P；
In the step (2), Δ Uk=U (k)-U (k-1), Δ Ik=I (k)-I (k-1)；ΔUk+1=U (k+1)-U (k), Δ Ik+1
=I (k+1)-I (k), Δ P=U (k+1) I (k+1)-U (k) I (k), are calculated by the Current Voltage value detected；
Step (3)：Established by traditional fixed step size conductance increment method and analyze the P-U characteristic curves of photovoltaic battery panel, most
The slope of high-power point is 0, is hadUnderstand at maximum power point,
WhenWhen, it is necessary to which increasing reference voltage ensures that system is close to maximum power point on the left of maximum power point；
WhenWhen, it is necessary to which reducing reference voltage ensures that system is close to maximum power point on the right side of maximum power point；
On the left of characteristic curveOn the right side of curveEstablish parameter
If H ＞ 0, illustrate that operating point operates in characteristic curve one side, still not up to maximum power point, still using big step-length conductance increment
Method searches maximum power point；Conversely, tracing step diminishes, calculate and judge whether parameter H is more than 0；
Step (4)：If H ＞ 0, still maximum power point, return to step (2) are searched using big step-length conductance increment method；If H≤0
When, reduce the tracing step of system, be allowed to rapid desufflation near maximum power point, perform step (5)；
Step (5)：If external environment condition changes unobvious, cause the trickle change of internal system power, then export H=-1, return
Step (2)；If external environment condition is undergone mutation, and is changed greatly, cause Δ P larger, exceed default limiting value lim Δ P,
Then export H=1, return to step (2)；
Big step-length conductance increment method is used when from maximum power point farther out, ability of tracking is improved；Close to maximum power point
Afterwards, small step-length tracking scheme is switched to, operating point is worked near maximum power point, improves the average output of photovoltaic module
Power；
In the step (1), the equation that booster circuit model obtains is：U=(1-D) Udc；In formula, D is crystal in booster circuit
The dutycycle of pipe；U is solar cell output voltage；UdcFor booster circuit instantaneous output voltage.
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| CN106846436B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-09-04 | 中国计量大学 | Method for dividing multi-peak P-U curve of series photovoltaic module into regions |
| CN107589776B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-06-28 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Maximum power point tracing method, MPPT controller and photovoltaic generating system |
| CN108347165B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-12-08 | 温州拓日工业设计有限公司 | Improved variable-step-size perturbation MPPT control device, method and application system |
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| CN101783621B (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-11-30 | 北京工商大学 | Global maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic generating system and system device |
| CN102611135A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-25 | 浙江工业大学 | Open loop and closed loop combined maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method |
| CN102854911A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏禾力清能电气有限公司 | Photovoltaic battery maximum power tracking method |
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| CN105071759A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 河海大学常州校区 | Maximum power point tracking method of self-adaption variable step sizes with saturation constraint |
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