CN108491026A - The progressive variable step MPPT system and methods of ladder - Google Patents
The progressive variable step MPPT system and methods of ladder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108491026A CN108491026A CN201810419108.2A CN201810419108A CN108491026A CN 108491026 A CN108491026 A CN 108491026A CN 201810419108 A CN201810419108 A CN 201810419108A CN 108491026 A CN108491026 A CN 108491026A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of progressive variable step MPPT methods of ladder, the present invention uses two kinds of variable step sizes of different sizes according to the variation of voltage and power, according to operating point on the left of maximum power point or right side, judge to use the first step-length or the second step-length, to improve tracking velocity as operating point is close to maximum power point;And the first step-length and the second step-length are successively decreased with n value ratios, to improve the reforming phenomena near maximum power point, to improve stable state accuracy.The present invention also provides a kind of progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder, system includes photovoltaic module, CPU module, inverse-excitation type DC DC translation circuit modules, full-bridge type DC AC translation circuit modules, EMI filter circuit module, auxiliary power circuit module, sample circuit module.The present invention can realize MPPT maximum power point tracking, and photovoltaic module is made to have good stable state, dynamic property when acute variation occurs for external environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy power generating fields, and in particular to a kind of progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder and side
Method.
Background technology
Under the background of global energy crisis getting worse, the one kind of solar energy as new energy, with its rich reserves,
The advantages such as economy, cleanliness without any pollution make it smoothly become most potential novel renewable green energy resource.Photovoltaic array is
The important component of photovoltaic generating system, output power are in non-linear relation, output work with environment temperature and intensity of illumination
The size of rate is to restrict one of an important factor for photovoltaic generating system develops.To improve output power, needed in practical control circuit
Power electronic equipment pair is utilized by MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology using MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology
The output voltage electric current of photovoltaic array is adjusted in real time, it can be made to operate on maximum power point, to improve photovoltaic battle array
Arrange the transfer efficiency of conversion.
Perturbation observation method is current research most extensively and using most common MPPT control method.Perturbation observation method passes through
Converter applies disturbance to the output voltage of photovoltaic cell, and every time after interference, it is defeated that control method can compare the front and back photovoltaic source of interference
The performance number gone out, perturbation direction is identical if power increase, otherwise direction is opposite.The advantages of perturbation observation method is structure letter
It is single, easy to implement, but the disadvantage is that cannot determine when to reach maximum power point, there is concussion.
Invention content
The ladder of MPPT maximum power point tracking progressive variable step MPPT systems can be realized the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
System and method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of progressive variable step MPPT methods of ladder, this method use two kinds of sizes not according to the variation of voltage and power
With variable step size, according to operating point on the left of maximum power point or right side, judge use the first step-length or the second step-length,
To improve tracking velocity as operating point is close to maximum power point;And the first step-length and the second step-length are with n value ratios
Successively decrease, to improve the reforming phenomena near maximum power point, to improve stable state accuracy;
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by voltage sensor and current sensor detect respectively photovoltaic module the kT moment voltage Uk, electric current Ik;
(2) the present output power P of photovoltaic module is calculatedk=Uk·Ik;
(3) compare present output power PkWith last moment output power Pk-1And current output voltage UkWith last moment
Output voltage Uk-1Size;
When | Pk-Pk-1|≤0.000001, then lock maximum power point;
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the left of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the right side of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the right side of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the left of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
Wherein, Δ Umax(k)--- kT moment level-ones disturb, Δ Umin(k)--- kT moment second-order disturbance and Δ Umax(k)> Δs
Umin(k);
ΔUmax(k)=Δ Umax(k-1)/ n, Δ Umin(k)=Δ Umin(k-1)/ n (n > 1), n --- the progressive rate of step-length;
(4) by the new U in step 3kValue is brought next sampling period into and is recycled, until locking maximum power point;
In above step, the U in each sampling periodk、Ik、PkAnd apply disturbance Δ Umax(k)、ΔUmin(k)It will carry out
Storage, so that the next sampling period uses.
The present invention also provides a kind of progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder comprising
Current sensor, the electric current for acquiring photovoltaic module;
Voltage sensor, the voltage for acquiring photovoltaic module;
CPU module, all operations for control system and background process;It includes PWM module 1, PWM module 2, MPPT
Control module, Inverter control module, PWM module 1 are connect with MPPT control modules, and PWM module 2 connects with Inverter control module
It connects, the MPPT control modules receive current sensor, the real-time voltage that voltage sensor transmits, real-time current data;
Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, respectively with photovoltaic module, full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, CPU moulds
The PWM module 1 of block connects, and the low voltage and direct current boost conversion for exporting photovoltaic module is alternating current;
Full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, respectively with inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, EMI filter circuit mould
The connection of PWM module 2 of block, CPU module, for passing through the rectification alternating current of the output of inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module
Unfolding is converted to industrial-frequency alternating current;
EMI filter circuit module is connect respectively with full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, sample circuit module, for hindering
Hinder high-frequency interferencing signal;
Sample circuit module is connect with the Inverter control module of EMI filter circuit module, CPU module respectively, and being used for will
Output electric signal transmission to the CPU module of EMI filter circuit is detected.
By said program, the progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder further include auxiliary power circuit module, described auxiliary
Power circuit block is helped to be connect respectively with photovoltaic module, CPU module, for the direct current that photovoltaic module exports to be depressured and stablize
It exports and is powered to CPU module.
Current sensor, the electric current of voltage sensor acquisition photovoltaic module and voltage are transmitted to the controls of the MPPT in CPU module
Molding block;Then the electric current and voltage are passed into inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, wherein inverse-excitation type DC-DC transformation electricity
Mould wholly-controled device in the block in road exports PWM wave control by MPPT control modules output order by PWM module 1, by photovoltaic mould
Block exports the alternating current that low voltage and direct current boost conversion is rectification;Alternating current is passed into full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuits again
Module, the wherein wholly-controled device in full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules pass through PWM by Inverter control module output order
Module 2 exports PWM wave control, and the rectification alternating current that inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module exports is converted to by unfolding
Industrial-frequency alternating current;Then alternating current is passed into EMI filter circuit module to hinder high-frequency interferencing signal;It is finally transmitted to negative
It carries.The Inverter control module acquires EMI filter circuit output electric signal by sample circuit and is controlled.Wherein CPU moulds
The power supply of block is dependent on photovoltaic module and carries out decompression power supply by auxiliary power circuit.
Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module is accessed the input circuit of photovoltaic module by the present invention, and by inverse-excitation type DC-DC
Input, output voltage and the current measurement result of translation circuit module are by dsPIC singlechip network analysis operation, by dsPIC
Microcontroller exports the variation that pwm pulse adjusts inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit inside modules switching tube duty ratio, controls photovoltaic mould
The output voltage of block is to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Advantageous effect is the present invention compared with prior art:
The maximum power point tracing method that above-mentioned technical proposal provides uses two kinds of variable step sizes of different sizes, according to work
Make point on the left of maximum power point or right side, judge use the first step-length or the second step-length, to improve tracking velocity with
It is close to maximum power point operating point, the first step-length and the second step-length dynamically become smaller, to improve near maximum power point
Reforming phenomena, to improve stable state accuracy and due to dynamic property and steady-state behaviour during tracking maximum power point
It improves, delivery efficiency is also obviously improved, and improves the delivery efficiency of photovoltaic module, has good system robustness, effectively
Eliminate erroneous judgement.Meanwhile the algorithm calculating process is few, difficulty in computation is low, thus it is low to hardware requirement, there is stronger engineer application valence
Value.
Description of the drawings
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the output P-U characteristic curves of photovoltaic array under open-air conditions;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the progressive variable step MPPT methods of ladder of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is input current, input voltage and the input power of photovoltaic generating system boost circuits of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is output current, output voltage and the output power (n=4) of photovoltaic generating system boost circuits of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is output current, output voltage and the output power (n=10) of photovoltaic generating system boost circuits of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the output current of photovoltaic generating system boost circuits, output voltage and output power in the prior art.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of progressive variable step MPPT system structures of ladder include current sensor, voltage sensor,
CPU module, inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, EMI filter circuit module, sampling
Circuit module, auxiliary power circuit module.Current sensor is used to acquire the electric current of photovoltaic module;Voltage sensor is for acquiring
The voltage of photovoltaic module.CPU module is made of dsPIC singlechip, and includes two pulse width modulation modules (PWM module 1, PWM
Module 2), Inverter control module and MPPT control modules, MPPT control modules connect with PWM module 1, Inverter control module
It is connect with PWM module 2, real-time voltage, the real-time current number that MPPT control modules receive current sensor, voltage sensor transmits
According to.Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module respectively with photovoltaic module, the PWM of full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, CPU module
Module 1 connects.Full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules are connect with EMI filter circuit module, the PWM module of CPU module 2 respectively.
EMI filter circuit module is connect with load, sample circuit module respectively.The inverter control of sample circuit module and CPU module
Module connects.Auxiliary power circuit module is connect with photovoltaic module, CPU module respectively, and auxiliary power circuit module converts photovoltaic
Module electrical energy transportation is to CPU module, for being powered to CPU module.
Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module is accessed the input circuit of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell by the present invention, and will be to DC-
Input, output voltage and the current measurement result of DC converters are exported by dsPIC singlechip network analysis operation by microcontroller
Pwm pulse adjusts the variation of inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit inside modules switching tube duty ratio, controls the output electricity of photovoltaic module
Pressure is to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Wherein, photovoltaic module uses the photovoltaic battery panel of Li Kong companies production.Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module uses
Two groups of active clamp flyback converter crisscross parallels, and in inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module flyback MOSFET choose be
The IRFS4321pBf of IR companies, that clamper MOSFET chooses is the SI7115DN of VISHAY companies.Full-bridge type DC-AC transformation electricity
Road module chooses full-bridge unfolding circuit, and the MOSFET that DC-AC circuits use is the production of Infineon companies
IPB60R125C6.The main control chip of CPU module takes 16 bit digital of low-power consumption of Microchip companies to control chip
DsPIC33FJ16GS504, the chip have 4 tunnel complementation PWM modules.
The photovoltaic array of photovoltaic module exports P-U curves as shown in Fig. 2, operating point is from maximum power point under open-air conditions
(MPP) remoter, output power is smaller, while slope of a curve is bigger, and the slope on the left of MPP is less than the slope on right side.For
So that photovoltaic array is quickly reached MPP, while meeting the stability of output power, disturbance can be divided into step type of different sizes
Disturbance.When operating point is on the right side of MPP, the slope of curve is larger, then is disturbed using small step-length;When operating point is on the left of MPP, tiltedly
Rate is smaller, then is disturbed using big step-length.Operating point is closer from MPP, and the slope of curve is smaller, and stepped disturbance can be made with the sampling time
Increase and reduces.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of progressive variable step MPPT methods of ladder, this method is used according to the variation of voltage and power
Two kinds of variable step sizes of different sizes, according to operating point on the left of maximum power point or right side, judge using the first step-length also
It is the second step-length, to improve tracking velocity as operating point is close to maximum power point;And the first step-length and the second step-length
Successively decrease with n value ratios, to improve the reforming phenomena near maximum power point, to improve stable state accuracy;
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) voltage sensor and current sensor detect respectively photovoltaic module the kT moment voltage Uk, electric current Ik;
(2) the present output power P of photovoltaic module is calculatedk=Uk·Ik;
(3) compare present output power PkWith last moment output power Pk-1And current output voltage UkWith last moment
Output voltage Uk-1Size;
(4) arbitration phase
Arbitration phase is divided into five kinds of situations, respectively:
If 1. | Pk-Pk-1|≤0.000001, then lock maximum power point;
If 2. | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the left of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
③|Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the right side of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
If 4. working as | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point then leads on the right side of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are crossed by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
If 5. | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point then passes through on the left of maximum power point
MPPT control modules are by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
In formula, Δ Umax(k)It is disturbed for kT moment level-ones, Δ Umin(k)For kT moment second-order disturbance and Δ Umax(k)> Δs
Umin(k);ΔUmax(k)=Δ Umax(k-1)/n、ΔUmin(k)=Δ Umin(k-1)/ n (n > 1), n are the progressive rate of step-length;
(5) by the new U in step (4)kValue is brought next sampling period into and is recycled, until locking maximum power point;
In above step, the U in each sampling periodk、Ik、PkAnd apply disturbance Δ Umax(k)、ΔUmin(k)It will carry out
Storage, so that the next sampling period uses.
In order to avoid step-length etc. can not track MPP than being decremented to infinitely small, certain interval of time repeats on primary
Program (MPPT programs) is stated, preferably to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking.
The progressive variable step MPPT method and system of above-mentioned ladder are verified based on MATLAB/simulink, and right
Than the prior art in the tracking effect under stablizing external environment and the tracking effect in external environmental condition acute variation.
Typical electric parameter is chosen, respectively:Short circuit current Isc=2.64A, maximum power point electric current Impp=2.25A,
Maximum power point voltage Vmpp=17.8A, open-circuit voltage Voc=21.8A, and enable T=25 DEG C of temperature (constant), time t:0—
Intensity of illumination W is corresponded to when 0.1-0.2-0.3s is respectively:600—1000—600—1000W·m-2.Fixed step size disturbance is enabled to see
Examine step delta U in methodk=0.001V, Δ U in the progressive variable step perturbation observation method of laddermin(k)=0.001V, Δ Umax(k)=
0.0005V makes the value of n be compared for 4 and 10 respectively.Experimental result is as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, in the present invention,
ΔUmin(k)、ΔUmax(k)And n can choose different value according to the difference of the parameters in practical application.Pass through Fig. 5, figure
6, Fig. 7 is compared, it can be seen that the present invention has good dynamic, steady-state behaviour, and essence than traditional fixed step size perturbation observation method
Degree is high, effectively eliminates erroneous judgement, improves the efficiency of entire photovoltaic module.
It these are only a preferable embodiment in the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment above.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description, and it is all this
A little modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of progressive variable step MPPT methods of ladder, it is characterised in that:This method is used according to the variation of voltage and power
Two kinds of variable step sizes of different sizes, according to operating point on the left of maximum power point or right side, judge using the first step-length also
It is the second step-length, to improve tracking velocity as operating point is close to maximum power point;And the first step-length and the second step-length
Successively decrease with n value ratios, to improve the reforming phenomena near maximum power point, to improve stable state accuracy;
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) by voltage sensor and current sensor detect respectively photovoltaic module the kT moment voltage Uk, electric current Ik;
(2) the present output power P of photovoltaic module is calculatedk=Uk·Ik;
(3) compare present output power PkWith last moment output power Pk-1And current output voltage UkIt is exported with last moment
Voltage Uk-1Size;
When | Pk-Pk-1|≤0.000001, then lock maximum power point;
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point is then controlled by MPPT on the left of maximum power point
Molding block is by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk> Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point is then controlled by MPPT on the right side of maximum power point
Molding block is by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk> Uk-1, operating point is then controlled by MPPT on the right side of maximum power point
Molding block is by Δ Umin(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk-ΔUmin(k);
When | Pk-Pk-1| > 0.000001, Pk< Pk-1And Uk< Uk-1, operating point is then controlled by MPPT on the left of maximum power point
Molding block is by Δ Umax(k)Be added to UkIn, obtain new UkValue, i.e., new Uk=Uk+ΔUmax(k);
Wherein, Δ Umax(k)--- kT moment level-ones disturb, Δ Umin(k)--- kT moment second-order disturbance and Δ Umax(k)> Δs
Umin(k);
ΔUmax(k)=Δ Umax(k-1)/ n, Δ Umin(k)=Δ Umin(k-1)/ n (n > 1), n --- the progressive rate of step-length;
(4) by the new U in step 3kValue is brought next sampling period into and is recycled, until locking maximum power point;
In above step, the U in each sampling periodk、Ik、PkAnd apply disturbance Δ Umax(k)、ΔUmin(k)It will be stored up
It deposits, so that the next sampling period uses.
2. a kind of progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder, it is characterised in that:Including
Current sensor, the electric current for acquiring photovoltaic module;
Voltage sensor, the voltage for acquiring photovoltaic module;
CPU module, including PWM module 1, PWM module 2, MPPT control modules, Inverter control module, PWM module 1 and MPPT
Control module connects, and PWM module 2 is connect with Inverter control module, and the MPPT control modules receive current sensor, voltage
Real-time voltage that sensor transmits, real-time current data;
Inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, respectively with photovoltaic module, full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, CPU module
PWM module 1 connects;
Full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, respectively with inverse-excitation type DC-DC conversion circuit module, EMI filter circuit module, CPU
The PWM module 2 of module connects;
EMI filter circuit module is connect with full-bridge type DC-AC translation circuit modules, sample circuit module respectively;
Sample circuit module is connect with the Inverter control module of EMI filter circuit module, CPU module respectively.
3. the progressive variable step MPPT systems of ladder according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The progressive change of ladder
Step-length MPPT systems further include auxiliary power circuit module, the auxiliary power circuit module respectively with photovoltaic module, CPU module
Connection, for being powered to CPU module.
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CN114115418A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | 华能新能源股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic system maximum power point hierarchical tracking method and device |
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