CN106647284B - High-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control - Google Patents
High-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control Download PDFInfo
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
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- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
Abstract
The high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control that the invention discloses a kind of, using three-phase PWM rectification circuit, control structure includes: V-I characteristic curve module, fuzzy controller, PI controller, Park conversion module, Clark conversion module and SVPWM controller；Pass through nominal open circuit voltage V when control method includes: open circuitocWith virtual voltage VdcCompare to obtain error signal, by reference to electric current I when band carriesdc_refWith actual current IdcCompare to obtain error signal；Then control reference signal is obtained by Fuzzy PI Controller operation, most exports control signal through SVPWM afterwards；Its main feature is the introduction of the independent control loop of Simulator Open voltage, ensure that system is run with security and stability；Fuzzy PI Controller of connecting simultaneously effectively combines the advantage of the two, ensure that the good dynamic property of system and higher stable state accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar photovoltaic technology fields, and in particular to a kind of high-power light based on fuzzy PI hybrid control
Photovoltaic array simulator control method.
Background technique
Critical component of the photovoltaic array simulator as research photovoltaic generating system, researches and develops in photovoltaic array power generation system and surveys
In examination, tested compared to using photovoltaic array component, photovoltaic array simulator can not only save research and development site area,
It reduces research and development cost, shorten the development cycle；And it can also not depend on the photovoltaic that natural environment is simulated under various operating conditions and export
Characteristic provides great convenience for research.
Currently, the research for photovoltaic array simulator focuses mostly in simulator overall construction design, as " one kind is too for patent
It is positive can battery simulator " and " a kind of any operating condition of analog under photovoltaic array component output characteristics simulator " etc., not
Refer to the high performance control method of simulator；Furthermore photovoltaic array simulator mostly uses BUCK DC converter additional in the market
Traditional PI control structure, such control mode is there are many shortcomings, firstly, the output voltage of BUCK converter
Limited size is in device and the height of input voltage, under existing device conditions, can not accomplish powerful photovoltaic array
Simulator；In addition, BUCK converter is limited to circuit structure itself, can only charge cannot discharge, thus its dynamic property by
Greatly limit；It is weak etc. there is also bad dynamic performance, inhibition interference performance furthermore although traditional PI controller is simple
Disadvantage.
In addition to this, the control of open-circuit voltage when the design of most of simulators does not consider unloaded, if lacked split
It is unstable to be likely to result in output voltage for the control of road voltage, such as in simulator zero load, if fed-back current signals introduce
Some interference signals rise and fall it will cause output voltage and shake, or even the boosting for causing simulator uncontrolled, thus to equipment
Safety propose challenge.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the control method shortcoming of conventional photovoltaic array simulator, propose that one kind is based on
The high-power photovoltaic array simulator control strategy of fuzzy PI hybrid control, in conjunction with the respective advantage that fuzzy control and PI control, mainly
For based on but be not limited to three-phase PWM rectification high-power photovoltaic array simulator control, while in view of actual product
Safety, stability problem, particular for the individual control loop of Simulator Open voltage design.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control is right on the basis of control structure
Simulator is controlled, and the control structure includes photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic curve module, fuzzy controller, PI control
Device, Park conversion module, Clark conversion module and SVPWM controller；
Control process comprising steps of
Acquire simulator DC output voltage VdcWith average anode current Idc, and by DC output voltage VdcAs photovoltaic
The input quantity of V-I characteristic curve module, the output of the photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve module are direct-current reference current Idc_ref, work as mould
When quasi- device open circuit, the output of the photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve module is open-circuit voltage Voc；
Acquire simulator voltage output signal VdcAs the input signal of photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic curve module, light
The output signal I of photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic curve moduledc_refAs simulator current output signal IdcReference signal；
Obtain DC current error signal Δ idcAs the input of fuzzy controller, the current error signal Δ idcFor
Simulator output current signal IdcWith its reference signal Idc_refDifference；
If photovoltaic array exports V-I characteristic curve module output signal Idc_refIt is 0, indicates that Simulator Open is transported at this time
Row, then take photovoltaic array component open-circuit voltage VocAs simulator output voltage VdcReference voltage, and by the error of the two make
For the input of PI controller；The photovoltaic array component open-circuit voltage VocThe setting of V-I characteristic curve module is exported for photovoltaic array
Maximum output voltage；
By judging the whether unloaded output for choosing fuzzy controller or P controller of simulator as idReference signal
id_ref, the idFor three-phase input current iabcD shaft current after the dq synchronous rotating angle of Park conversion module；
The error signal of d axis and q axis is obtained respectively as the input of respective PI controller, the d axis error signal is id
With reference signal id_refDifference, q axis error signal is 0 and three-phase input current iabcDq through Park conversion module is synchronous to be sat
Q shaft current i after mark coordinate transformqDifference；
The reference signal that d axis and q axis error signal are exported by PI controller introduces electric voltage feed forward compensation e respectivelyd、eqWith
And current status feedback compensation iq*ωL、id* ω L obtains reference signal ud、uq, by reference signal udAnd uqIt is converted as Clark
The input of module, the ed、eqFor three-phase input voltage uabcAfter the dq synchronous coordinate coordinate transform of Park conversion module
Output valve, ω are the angular frequencies of three-phase input voltage, and L is input inductance sizes values, and Clark conversion module is by dq synchronous rotary
Coordinate system is transformed into the transformational structure of the vertical rest frame of α β；
The output of Clark conversion module finally obtains the control of three-phase PWM rectification circuit switching tube by SVPWM controller
Signal.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is embodied in:
1, using fuzzy PI hybrid control, not only possessed smaller steady-state error than individual fuzzy control, but also control than individual PI
System possesses better dynamic property, faster convergence rate and smaller overshoot.
2, the present invention uses the fuzzy PI hybrid control of tandem type, and fuzzy controller and PI controller can connect also in parallel, phase
For parameter self-tuning Fuzzy PI Controller, reduces the process of PI parameter adjustment, simplify calculating process, saved system money
Source, but equally reached similar control purpose.
3, it is controlled for photovoltaic array Simulator Open voltage, ensure that the stable operation of system, improve system
The ability of anti-interference and anti-unstability, enhances the security performance of system.
4, using three-phase PWM rectification circuit, photovoltaic array simulator can be made to operate in 100kVA power stage or more.
5, individually controlling in open-circuit voltage is, P controller can with the PI controller of subsequent PI controller combination Cheng Xin,
Guarantee the indifference control of voltage when open circuit, and P controller is simpler compared to other controllers, to also be considerably reduced system
Operand.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the entire block diagram of fuzzy PI hybrid control；
Fig. 2 is the structural block diagram of fuzzy controller；
Fig. 3 is fuzzy membership function figure；
Fig. 4 is to control the figure compared with not using open circuit to control using open circuit；
Fig. 5 is load sudden change voltage and current waveform；
Fig. 6 is temperature jump voltage and current waveform；
Fig. 7 is intensity of illumination mutation voltage current waveform figure；
Fig. 8 is diode clamp three-phase PWM rectification circuit.
Specific embodiment
It is an object of the invention to overcome the control method shortcoming of conventional photovoltaic array simulator, propose that one kind is based on
Fuzzy control and PI control the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control strategy combined, control in conjunction with fuzzy control and PI each
From advantage, mainly for based on but be not limited to three-phase PWM rectification high-power photovoltaic array simulator control, consider simultaneously
The safety of actual product, stability problem, particular for the individual control loop of Simulator Open voltage design.The present invention
Control structure is simple, and control effect is good, can improve the dynamic response capability of independent PI controller, and can make up for it individually
The low defect of stable state accuracy brought by fuzzy control, while being also the safety and stability of whole system for the control of open-circuit voltage
Operation provides guarantee.
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but disclosed below interior
Holding is the principle of the present invention, it is not limited to only this example.
Fig. 1 gives the structural block diagram of specific fuzzy PI hybrid control.V-I characteristic curve module is mainly exported by photovoltaic array
(PV Model), fuzzy controller, PI controller, Park conversion module (abc → dq), Clark conversion module (dq → α β), with
And SVPWM controller composition, the high-power photovoltaic array based on fuzzy PI hybrid control simulates implement body rate-determining steps such as referring to Fig.1
Under:
S10, pass through the output voltage V of acquisition photovoltaic array simulator (abbreviation simulator)dcWith output electric current Idc, by Vdc
Reference current I is obtained compared with the voltage in photovoltaic array V-I characteristic curve modeldc_ref, then with actual value IdcIt makes comparisons,
Show that error signal is sent into fuzzy controller Fuzzy, the output of fuzzy controller is d axis reference current id_ref；If Idc_ref's
Value is 0, then shows Simulator Open at this time, then id_refSignal generated without fuzzy controller, and directly pass through open-circuit
The control of voltage generates, such as Fig. 1 top half, open-circuit voltage VocWith actual value VdcThe error signal for making the difference generation is controlled through PI
Device generates reference signal id_ref.The purpose for the arrangement is that 1) individually controls open-circuit voltage, so that system safe and stable operation；2)
.PI controller architecture is simple, smaller relative to fuzzy controller and other kinds of controller calculation amount, and can with it is rear
The PI controller of the PI controller combination Cheng Xin in face ensures the indifference control of output voltage, it is bright to be particularly suitable for this control purpose
Really single situation.
Fuzzy PI hybrid control is connected in series or in parallel by fuzzy controller and PI controller, and prime is Fuzzy Control in the case of series connection
System, rear class are PI control；The independent control loop of open-circuit voltage, runs on Simulator Open state, in this case, light
The output of V-I curve module is lied prostrate as open circuit voltage rating Voc, it is followed by P controller output d axis reference current id_ref。
S20、id_refWith d shaft current idIt makes the difference to obtain error signal and is sent into PI controller, PI controller adds preceding feed
Pressure compensation edAnd current status feedback compensation iq* ω L obtains d shaft voltage with reference to ud；The control of q axis is similar with d axis, Bu Guo electricity
Stream mode feedback compensation id* ω L is opposite with the compensation symbol of d axis.
S30, by PI controller and compensated output reference signal ud、uqIt converts using Clark, will finally become
Input signal of the output as SVPWM controller after changing, SVPWM generate the control of each switching tube of three-phase PWM rectification circuit
Signal, control output voltage and electric current are to achieve the purpose that control.
V-I characteristic curve in the photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic curve module is generated using engineering with mathematical model,
It is as follows that it generates formula:
The relationship of the electric current I and output voltage V of output:
Above formula parameter includes the short circuit current I of photovoltaic array batterysc, open-circuit voltage Voc, maximum power point electric current ImAnd
Maximum power point voltage Vm, wherein C1And C2It is respectively as follows:
From (2), (3) formula: as photovoltaic array battery parameter Isc、Im、Voc、VmWhen determining, C1、C2For constant, Ke Yitong
It crosses C1、C2(1) formula is brought into acquire the V-I curve of photovoltaic array battery.If solar irradiance or temperature change
When, then need to re-evaluate under new state the battery parameter I of (it is assumed that solar irradiance is R, battery temperature T)sc-new、
Im-new、Voc-new、Vm-new, then obtain new C1、C2, then thus obtain the photovoltaic array V-I curve under new state.New state
Under battery parameter can be estimated by the following formula:
Δ T=T-Tref (4)
Voc-new=Voc[(1-cΔT)ln(e+bΔR)] (8)
Vm-new=Vm[(1-cΔT)ln(e+bΔR)] (9)
Wherein parameter includes the solar irradiance reference value R under the status of criterionref=1kW/m2, photovoltaic array battery humidity
Reference value Tref=25 DEG C.
Alternatively, the characteristic generation module of V-I can also be exported using photovoltaic array V-I curve table as photovoltaic array,
The generation of engineering mathematical model can be used for data in V-I table or photovoltaic array battery producer provides, photovoltaic array V-I curve
Table can reduce the operand of simulator, but also occupy a large amount of memory spaces of simulator simultaneously.It can do according to actual needs
Corresponding adjustment out.
The fuzzy control model uses input for the two-dimentional input structure of error and error rate work, input and output
Variable field is typically canonicalized as { -6, -4, -2,0,2,4,6 }, and subordinating degree function uses amplitude for 1 isosceles triangle, obscures
Subset Ding Yi Wei ﹛ negative big (NB), it is negative in (NM), bear small (NS), zero (ZO), just small (PS), center (PM), honest (PB) ﹜, quantization
Factor Ke、Kec、KoIt can be determined by following formula, be then finely adjusted further according to practical control situation.
Wherein, n is the gear number that is divided into after error, error rate and output control amount quantization, generally with selected language
It is identical to be worth number；emax、ecmax、OmaxFor error, error rate and the maximum value for exporting control amount.
The dq transformation is also known as Park transformation, transformation for mula are as follows:
The α β transformation is also known as Clark transformation, transformation for mula are as follows:
Fig. 2 is structure of fuzzy controller figure described in S10, and error signal e (n) is DC current signal IdcBelieve with reference
Number Idc_refDifference, Ke、KecAnd KoIt is the quantization parameter of error, error rate and control output, fuzzy controller
Output is the increment of control signal, so adding the output i of fuzzy controller last moment by the increment of outputd_ref(n-1)Make
For the control amount i of this outputd_ref(n)。
The input/output variable domain of fuzzy controller is typically canonicalized as { -6, -4, -2,0,2,4,6 }；Subordinating degree function
Use amplitude for 1 isosceles triangle, as shown in figure 3, wherein fuzzy subset Ding Yi Wei ﹛ negative big (NB), it is negative in (NM), bear it is small
(NS), zero (ZO), just small (PS), center (PM), honest (PB) ﹜.By control target combination expertise, we can release 49
Item control rule, as shown in table 1 below.After controller completes fuzzy reasoning, we are obtained accurate using gravity model appoach ambiguity solution
Output quantity O (n), it may be assumed that
Wherein f (O (n)k) it is O (n)kThe degree of membership at place.
1 fuzzy control rule table of table
Fig. 4 is the comparison figure that open-circuit voltage uses different control strategies, and wherein curve A indicates to rise to open circuit when output voltage
The output voltage figure of open-circuit voltage control strategy is not used after voltage, B indicates to use the output voltage of open-circuit voltage control strategy
Figure can be good at stabilizing the output voltage for the independent control of open-circuit voltage as seen from the figure, and the unstable factor avoided is made
At safety problem.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are the output Current Voltage figure under various operating condition variations, variation when wherein Fig. 5 is load dump
Figure, Fig. 6 are variation diagram when hygrogram rises, variation diagram when Fig. 7 is illuminance bust.Mould is combined as can be seen from these figures
The photovoltaic array simulator of paste PI control can be good at adapting to variation, and dynamic responding speed is very rapid, stable state accuracy
It is relatively high.
Fig. 8 is that diode clamp three-phase PWM rectification circuit used by this example is adopted in device development at this stage
The power grade of system can be greatly promoted with this rectification circuit, so that the realization for high-power photovoltaic simulator provides item
Part；There are also capacitor-clamped three-phase PWM rectification circuits and multi-parallel type rectified current etc. for similar circuit.
Although the present invention be illustrated by specific embodiment, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, do not departing from
In the case where the scope of the invention, various transformation and equivalent substitute can also be carried out to the present invention.In addition, being directed to particular condition or answering
With various modifications can be done to the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to disclosed tool
Body embodiment, and should include the whole embodiments fallen within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, which is characterized in that
Simulator is controlled on the basis of control structure, the control structure includes that photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic is bent
Wire module, fuzzy controller, PI controller, Park conversion module, Clark conversion module and SVPWM controller；
Control process comprising steps of
Acquire simulator DC output voltage VdcWith average anode current Idc, and by DC output voltage VdcIt is special as photovoltaic V-I
The input quantity of linearity curve module, the output of the photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve module are direct-current reference current Idc_ref, work as simulator
When open circuit, the output of the photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve module is open-circuit voltage Voc；
Acquire simulator voltage output signal VdcAs the input signal of photovoltaic array output V-I characteristic curve module, photovoltaic battle array
The output signal I of column output V-I characteristic curve moduledc_refAs simulator current output signal IdcReference signal；
Obtain DC current error signal Δ idcAs the input of fuzzy controller, the current error signal Δ idcFor simulator
Output current signal IdcWith its reference signal Idc_refDifference；
If photovoltaic array exports V-I characteristic curve module output signal Idc_refIt is 0, indicates that Simulator Open is run at this time, then
Take photovoltaic array component open-circuit voltage VocAs simulator output voltage VdcReference voltage, and using the error of the two as PI
The input of controller；The photovoltaic array component open-circuit voltage VocThe setting of V-I characteristic curve module is exported most for photovoltaic array
Big output voltage；
Judge whether simulator is unloaded, chooses the output of P controller as i if unloadeddReference signal id_ref, conversely, choosing
The output of modulus fuzzy controllers is as idReference signal id_ref, the idFor three-phase input current iabcMould is converted by Park
D shaft current after the dq synchronous rotating angle of block；
The error signal of d axis and q axis is obtained respectively as the input of respective PI controller, the d axis error signal is idWith reference
Signal id_refDifference, q axis error signal is 0 and three-phase input current iabcDq synchronous coordinate coordinate through Park conversion module
Q shaft current i after transformationqDifference；
The reference signal that d axis and q axis error signal are exported by PI controller introduces electric voltage feed forward compensation e respectivelyd、eqAnd electricity
Stream mode feedback compensationObtain reference signal ud、uq, by reference signal udAnd uqAs Clark conversion module
Input, the ed、eqFor three-phase input voltage uabcOutput after the dq synchronous coordinate coordinate transform of Park conversion module
Value, ω are the angular frequencies of three-phase input voltage, and L is input inductance sizes values, and Clark conversion module is by dq synchronously rotating reference frame
System is transformed into the transformational structure of the vertical rest frame of α β；
The output of Clark conversion module finally obtains the control letter of three-phase PWM rectification circuit switching tube by SVPWM controller
Number.
2. the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, feature exist according to claim 1
In fuzzy controller and the series connection of PI controller, prime are fuzzy controller, and rear class is PI controller.
3. the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, feature exist according to claim 2
In, for the fuzzy controller using error, the dual input signal of error rate, quantizing factor quantization is passed through in input and output,
Input/output variable domain is typically canonicalized as { -6, -4, -2,0,2,4,6 }；Subordinating degree function use amplitude for 1 isosceles three
It is angular, fuzzy subset Ding Yi Wei ﹛ negative big (NB), it is negative in (NM), bear small (NS), zero (ZO), just small (PS), center (PM), honest
(PB) ﹜, fuzzy reasoning use madani algorithm, and ambiguity solution uses gravity model appoach ambiguity solution.
4. the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, feature exist according to claim 3
In the transformation for mula that Park transformation and Clark transformation are related to is as follows:
Park transformation:
Clark transformation:
。
5. the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, feature exist according to claim 4
In the photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve module input signal is simulator DC output voltage Vdc, export as open-circuit voltage VocWith
Direct-current reference current Idc_ref, photovoltaic V-I characteristic curve generated with mathematical model using engineering:
Including the short circuit current I of photovoltaic cellsc, open-circuit voltage Voc, maximum power point electric current ImAnd maximum power point electricity
Press Vm, wherein C1And C2It is respectively as follows:
6. the high-power photovoltaic array simulator control method based on fuzzy PI hybrid control, feature exist according to claim 5
In the quantizing factor can be used following formula and determine:
Wherein Ke、Kec、KoThe respectively quantizing factor of error, error rate and output quantity, n be error, error rate with
And the gear number being divided into after output control amount quantization, it is identical as selected Linguistic Value number；emax、ecmax、OmaxFor error, error change
Rate and the maximum value for exporting control amount.
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| CN105375518A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Fuzzy control method and system for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) |
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| CN105375518A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Fuzzy control method and system for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) |
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