CN102129265A - Miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and method - Google Patents
Miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102129265A CN102129265A CN2011100885957A CN201110088595A CN102129265A CN 102129265 A CN102129265 A CN 102129265A CN 2011100885957 A CN2011100885957 A CN 2011100885957A CN 201110088595 A CN201110088595 A CN 201110088595A CN 102129265 A CN102129265 A CN 102129265A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and a miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method in the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The tracking device comprises a sampling circuit, a master control unit, a switching tube driving circuit and a DC-DC converter, wherein the sampling circuit samples output current and output voltage of a photovoltaic array in real time and feeds the result into the master control unit; and the master control unit samples the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic array and adjusts a duty ratio of a switching tube in the DC-DC converter so as to adjust the matched load of the photovoltaic array in real time; therefore, the photovoltaic array outputs the maximum power. Due to the adoption of a digital circuit, the device is not influenced by an external environment, and is high in tracking accuracy and high in stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the photovoltaic power generation technology field, relate in particular to a kind of miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device and method.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generation has obtained promotion and application rapidly as one of solution of global energy crisis and environmental problem.Yet the power output of photovoltaic array presents nonlinear characteristic, and is subjected to the influence of factors such as temperature, intensity of illumination, external environment, load, and changes along with the difference of operating voltage.Therefore, when using photovoltaic array, need carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT (Maximum Power PointTracking) to it, between photovoltaic array and load, add a kind of device and come the peak power output of tracking photovoltaic array in real time, improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic array.
Because traditional miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device adopts mimic channel that output power is followed the tracks of, can't take into account the influence that the variation of external environment brings the photovoltaic array output characteristics, make photovoltaic array can not be operated in real maximum power point place, reduced the generating efficiency of photovoltaic array.Apparatus of the present invention are taken factors such as temperature, intensity of illumination, external environment into account, photovoltaic array is linked to each other with load by the DC-DC transducer, and the output current of real-time sampling photovoltaic array and output voltage, recently change the matched load of photovoltaic array by the duty of switching tube in the digital signal processor DSP real-time regulated DC-DC transducer in the main control unit by the control algolithm of appointment, make photovoltaic array work in real maximum power point place, improve the generated energy of photovoltaic array.
Summary of the invention
Affected by environment big at the conventional power tracking means of mentioning in the above-mentioned background technology to the output power tracking of miniature photovoltaic array, can't trace into deficiencies such as peak power, the present invention proposes a kind of miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device and method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device is characterized in that this tracking means comprises sample circuit, main control unit, switching tube driving circuit, DC-DC transducer, and described sample circuit is connected with described main control unit; Described main control unit is connected with described switching tube driving circuit; Described switching tube driving circuit is connected with described DC-DC transducer;
Described sample circuit comprises current sampling circuit, voltage sampling circuit;
Described main control unit adopts specifies tracking control algorithm.
Described current sampling circuit comprises current Hall sensor, amplifier U1-1, amplifier U1-2, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, diode D1, diode D2;
The current Hall sensor is connected with resistance R 1, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1 respectively; The other end ground connection of resistance R 1; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 1; The other end of resistance R 2 is connected with the negative input of amplifier U1-1; Resistance R 4 is connected between the negative input and output terminal of amplifier U1-1; The positive input of amplifier U1-1 is connected with resistance R 3; The other end ground connection of resistance R 3; The output terminal of amplifier U1-1 is connected with resistance R 5; Resistance R 5 is connected with the negative input of amplifier U1-2; Resistance R 7 is connected between the negative input and output terminal of amplifier U1-2; The positive input of amplifier U1-2 is connected with resistance R 6; The other end ground connection of resistance R 6; The output terminal of amplifier U1-2 is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 2, diode D1, the negative pole of diode D2 respectively; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 2; The negative pole of diode D1 connects positive 5 volts of power supplys; The plus earth of diode D2.
Described voltage sampling circuit comprises voltage hall sensor, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, diode D1, diode D2, capacitor C 1;
Voltage hall sensor is connected with positive pole, the negative pole of diode D2, the capacitor C 1 of resistance R 1, resistance R 2, diode D1 respectively; Another termination direct supply of resistance R 1; The other end ground connection of resistance R 2; The negative pole of diode D1 connects positive 5 volts of power supplys; The plus earth of diode D2; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 1.
Described DC-DC converter using be the Boost booster circuit, described Boost booster circuit comprises inductance L, capacitor C, switching tube Q, diode D;
Inductance L is connected with the positive pole of diode D; The negative pole of diode D is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C; The negative pole of capacitor C links to each other with ground; The collector of switching tube Q is connected between the positive pole of inductance L and diode D; The emitter of switching tube Q links to each other with ground.
Miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the voltage range that power tracking is set is [Va, Vb]; Respectively to peak power P
m, peak power P
mThe time voltage V
m, the i time output power P
i, output power P
iThe time voltage V
iInitialization;
Step 2: in the described voltage range of step 1, output voltage is sampled, calculate the output power P of photovoltaic array
i
Step 3: if output power P
iGreater than peak power P
m, then make P
m=P
i, V
m=V
iOtherwise, i=i+1;
Step 4: if voltage V
iLess than Vb, then return step 2; Otherwise, the operating voltage Vref=Vm of photovoltaic array.
Described P
iComputing formula be:
P
i＝U
i×I
i
Wherein:
P
iIt is the i time output power;
U
iIt is the i time sampled voltage;
I
iIt is the i time sample rate current.
The photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device of the present invention's design adopts digital circuit, detect in real time by output current and output voltage photovoltaic array, and be aided with the appointment tracking control algorithm by the digital signal processor DSP in the main control unit, dutycycle to the control signal of the power switch pipe in the DC-DC transducer is regulated, adjust the loaded impedance of photovoltaic array, photovoltaic array is always worked on the maximum power point, and apparatus of the present invention are not subjected to influence, tracking precision height, the good stability of external environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that composition of the present invention connects block diagram.
Fig. 2 is a DC-DC converter topology structural drawing.
Fig. 3 is the output current sample circuit schematic diagram of photovoltaic array.
Fig. 4 is the output voltage sampling circuit schematic diagram of photovoltaic array.
Fig. 5 is a main control unit tracking control algorithm process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.Should be emphasized that following explanation only is exemplary, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention and to use.
Miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device of the present invention is that the output current and the output voltage that center on photovoltaic array carry out, and precise current, voltage sample value play an important role to the output power of calculating photovoltaic array.Therefore, adopt current Hall sensor and voltage hall sensor that the output current and the output voltage of photovoltaic array are sampled among the present invention respectively.
In photovoltaic generating system, the generated energy of photovoltaic array has directly reacted the generating efficiency of photovoltaic generating system.The purpose of apparatus of the present invention is to improve the generated energy of photovoltaic array, is applicable to that power is less than 500 watts miniature photovoltaic array.Fig. 1 is a composition connection side block diagram of the present invention, as seen from Figure 1, the present invention includes DC-DC transducer, switching tube driving circuit, sample circuit and main control unit.
Principle of work of the present invention: the digital signal processor DSP in the main control unit passes through output current, the output voltage analysis to the photovoltaic array of sample circuit collection, according to specifying tracking control algorithm output pulse width modulation (PWM) to control signal to the switching tube driving circuit, the switching tube driving circuit amplifies the control signal of main control unit output and deliver to the switching tube of DC-DC transducer, recently regulate the matched load of photovoltaic array by the duty of real-time gauge tap pipe, until making photovoltaic array work in maximum power point, thereby improve the generated energy of photovoltaic array.
The topological structure of DC-DC transducer is made up of inductance L, capacitor C, switching tube Q and diode D as shown in Figure 2 among the present invention.The output of photovoltaic array connects the input end of the Boost booster circuit of DC-DC transducer, and the forward output of photovoltaic array links to each other with inductance L, the negative input of negative sense output and Boost booster circuit altogether, the other end of inductance L is connected with the positive pole of diode D.The collector of switching tube Q is connected between the positive pole of inductance L and diode D, and its emitter links to each other with ground.The positive pole of capacitor C links to each other its minus earth with the negative pole of diode D and the forward output terminal of Boost booster circuit.When switching tube Q conducting, power supply is to the inductance L stored energy, and inductive current increases, and diode D ends, and capacitor C powers to the load, at this moment V
L=V
InWhen switching tube Q ended, inductive current reduced, and released energy, because inductive current can not suddenly change, produce induction electromotive force, the negative right side, an induction electromotive force left side just forces diode current flow, and power to the load through diode D with power supply, simultaneously to the capacitor C charging, this moment V
L=V
In-V
oThe gate pole of switching tube Q is controlled to be the pulse width modulation (PWM) control mode, by regulating the dutycycle of gate pole input pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal, changes the input of Boost booster circuit, the voltage relationship at output two ends.Hence one can see that, can reach the purpose of regulating the photovoltaic array matched load by changing the dutycycle of the control signal of switching tube Q in the DC-DC transducer, makes the Maximum Power Output of photovoltaic array reach maximal value.
Figure 3 shows that the output current sample circuit schematic diagram of photovoltaic array, use the current Hall sensor to sample.The output terminal of current Hall sensor is through resistance R 1 ground connection; change current signal into voltage signal; because what the Hall element sampling obtained is vertiginous signal; can not directly carry out the A/D conversion; therefore need keep and amplify signal; circuit among Fig. 3 in the frame of broken lines is a signal conditioning circuit, is made up of two-stage amplifying circuit and holding circuit.Capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2 are filter capacitor; resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and amplifier U1-1 constitute first order amplifying circuit; resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7 and amplifier U1-2 constitute second level amplifying circuit, and diode D1 and diode D2 form holding circuit.
Figure 4 shows that photovoltaic array gets the output voltage sampling circuit schematic diagram, the working voltage Hall element is sampled.The DC2+ end and the DC2-end of voltage hall sensor are parallel to the two ends that are sampled voltage; the output terminal of voltage hall sensor is through resistance R 2 ground connection; change current signal into voltage signal for the digital signal processor DSP collection, diode D1 and D2 form holding circuit.
Fig. 5 is a main control unit tracking control algorithm block diagram.Before carrying out tracking Control, at first device is carried out initialization, according to the open-circuit voltage Voc of photovoltaic array the voltage range [Va, Vb] of power tracking is set, peak power P
mAnd the voltage V during peak power
mInitialization.In voltage range [Va, Vb], output voltage is sampled, calculate the output power P of photovoltaic array in this sampling period simultaneously
iIf, output power P
iGreater than peak power P
m, then make P
m=P
i, V
m=V
iMake i=i+1 then, if sampled voltage, then enters the next round sampling period less than Vb until the peak power P that traces into photovoltaic array
m, the operating voltage Vref of photovoltaic array is set to Vm then.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (6)
1. miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device is characterized in that this tracking means comprises sample circuit, main control unit, switching tube driving circuit, DC-DC transducer, and described sample circuit is connected with described main control unit; Described main control unit is connected with described switching tube driving circuit; Described switching tube driving circuit is connected with described DC-DC transducer;
Described sample circuit comprises current sampling circuit, voltage sampling circuit;
Described main control unit adopts specifies tracking control algorithm.
2. according to the described miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described current sampling circuit comprises current Hall sensor, amplifier U1-1, amplifier U1-2, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, diode D1, diode D2;
The current Hall sensor is connected with resistance R 1, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1 respectively; The other end ground connection of resistance R 1; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 1; The other end of resistance R 2 is connected with the negative input of amplifier U1-1; Resistance R 4 is connected between the negative input and output terminal of amplifier U1-1; The positive input of amplifier U1-1 is connected with resistance R 3; The other end ground connection of resistance R 3; The output terminal of amplifier U1-1 is connected with resistance R 5; Resistance R 5 is connected with the negative input of amplifier U1-2; Resistance R 7 is connected between the negative input and output terminal of amplifier U1-2; The positive input of amplifier U1-2 is connected with resistance R 6; The other end ground connection of resistance R 6; The output terminal of amplifier U1-2 is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 2, diode D1, the negative pole of diode D2 respectively; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 2; The negative pole of diode D1 connects positive 5 volts of power supplys; The plus earth of diode D2.
3. according to the described miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described voltage sampling circuit comprises voltage hall sensor, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, diode D1, diode D2, capacitor C 1;
Voltage hall sensor is connected with positive pole, the negative pole of diode D2, the capacitor C 1 of resistance R 1, resistance R 2, diode D1 respectively; Another termination direct supply of resistance R 1; The other end ground connection of resistance R 2; The negative pole of diode D1 connects positive 5 volts of power supplys; The plus earth of diode D2; The other end ground connection of capacitor C 1.
4. according to the described miniature photovoltaic array maximal power tracing device of claim 1, what it is characterized in that described DC-DC converter using is the Boost booster circuit, and described Boost booster circuit comprises inductance L, capacitor C, switching tube Q, diode D;
Inductance L is connected with the positive pole of diode D; The negative pole of diode D is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C; The negative pole of capacitor C links to each other with ground; The collector of switching tube Q is connected between the positive pole of inductance L and diode D; The emitter of switching tube Q links to each other with ground.
5. miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the voltage range that power tracking is set is [Va, Vb]; Respectively to peak power P
m, peak power P
mThe time voltage V
m, the i time output power P
i, output power P
iThe time voltage V
iInitialization;
Step 2: in the described voltage range of step 1, output voltage is sampled, calculate the output power P of photovoltaic array
i
Step 3: if output power P
iGreater than peak power P
m, then make P
m=P
i, V
m=V
iOtherwise, i=i+1;
Step 4: if voltage V
iLess than Vb, then return step 2; Otherwise, the operating voltage Vref=Vm of photovoltaic array.
6. according to the described miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method of claim 5, it is characterized in that described P
iComputing formula be:
P
i＝U
i×I
i
Wherein:
P
iIt is the i time output power;
U
iIt is the i time sampled voltage;
I
iIt is the i time sample rate current.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102324873A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-01-18 | 天津理工大学 | Smooth power output device used for photovoltaic power generating system and working method thereof |
| CN103135654A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | Ls产电株式会社 | Solar device |
| CN103944168A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | High-power power quality comprehensive compensation device |
| CN104423414A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-18 | 艾默生网络能源系统北美公司 | Control method, control device, control circuit and power generating system |
| CN106020328A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门华泉智慧能源科技有限公司 | MPPT regulating circuit and method |
| CN106067759A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-02 | 国网山东省电力公司寿光市供电公司 | A kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation anti-theft arrangement |
| CN109149743A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南工程学院 | Solar powered fan kinetic-control system |
| CN114094619A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-25 | 苏州快可光伏电子股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation efficiency management intelligent optimizer |
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| CN109149743B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-03-10 | 湖南工程学院 | Fan dynamic control system powered by solar energy |
| CN114094619A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-25 | 苏州快可光伏电子股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation efficiency management intelligent optimizer |
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Application publication date: 20110720 |