CN105375518B - A kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system, system includes photovoltaic module, load, DC/DC circuit, fuzzy controller and voltage adjuster, DC/DC circuit further includes that both ends are separately connected photovoltaic array anode and load the positive electrode bus of one end, both ends are separately connected photovoltaic array cathode and load the negative electrode bus of the other end, DC/DC circuit is also connected with the cathode output end of battery P, the cathode output end of battery P is connect with negative electrode bus, and the DC/DC circuit and battery P constitute Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit.The two-way flow that the present invention passes through storage battery energy, to charge the battery when load all can not dissolve photovoltaic energy, when photovoltaic output energy is unable to satisfy loading demand, is supplemented by electric power storage tank discharge, maximally utilizing for photovoltaic output energy can be carried out during two;Design rule is simple and effective, optimizes photovoltaic power generation utilization, improves system effectiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generating system applications, and in particular to a kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system.
Background technique
Due to non-linear and there are maximum power point the characteristic of solar battery output, how photovoltaic cell is carried out
Maximal power tracing (MPPT) has open circuit voltage method, short circuit current method, disturbs at the hot spot studied, common MPPT control technology
Dynamic observation, conductance increment method, fuzzy control, ANN Control method etc..Open circuit voltage method and short circuit current method pass through
Hardware can be realized, the disadvantage is that cannot correctly track maximum power point under environmental parameter situation of change.Perturbation observation method and electricity
It is simply easy to accomplish to lead method of addition software algorithm, but there are problems that power oscillation near maximum power point.Fuzzy control is not required to
Know and be accurately controlled object, control strategy is designed according to control experience or expertise, is very suitable for non-linear, environment
The occasion of Parameters variation.
Patents documents are consulted, photovoltaic fuzzy control method described in publication No. " CN 103713687 " uses
The slope dP/dV of power vs. voltage curve and the variation delta (dP/dV) of slope are needed as input through division arithmetic meter
Slope is calculated, not only increases the complexity of program, and to the more demanding of hardware chip, is unfavorable for reducing system cost.
The improved fuzzy MPPT controller proposed in publication No. " 202888869 U of CN ", by artificial neural network
Method generates fuzzy control rule by the data that real time data measures, but without proposing specific implementation, and this method
It is not easily accomplished, the application effect of real system also has to be tested.
Existing MPPT control circuit is unable to auto charge and discharge switching, so that system effectiveness reduces, there are maximum power points
The problem of shaking back and forth.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above shortcomings and to provide one kind to be easily achieved, and calculation amount is small, can automatic inflatable cutting
The photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system changed, and solve the problems, such as the concussion back and forth of maximum power point.
To achieve the purpose that foregoing invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system of the invention, includes photovoltaic module, load, photovoltaic module and battery
Or load between be connected with DC/DC circuit, collection photovoltaics component electric signal and export the fuzzy controller of electric signal, Fuzzy Control
It is connected with voltage adjuster between device and DC/DC circuit processed, further, the DC/DC circuit further includes that both ends are separately connected light
The positive electrode bus of photovoltaic array anode and load one end, both ends are separately connected photovoltaic array cathode and load the cathode mother of the other end
Line, DC/DC circuit are also connected with the cathode output end of battery P, and the cathode output end and negative electrode bus of the battery P connects
It connects, the DC/DC circuit and battery P constitute Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit.
The Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit includes at least two first switch tube T1 and second switch T2, the
One switch transistor T 1 is connected in emitter with the collector of second switch T2, collector and the positive electrode bus electricity of first switch tube T1
Property connection, second switch T2 emitter and negative electrode bus be electrically connected, and first switch tube T1 is between collector and emitter
Also reverse parallel connection has at least one first diode D1, and second switch T2 goes back reverse parallel connection between collector and emitter to be had
At least one second diode D2, the positive terminal of the battery P are total to the first switch tube T1 and second switch T2's
Point is connected at least one inductor L between end, and positive electrode bus is in the collector of first switch tube T1 and the anode of photovoltaic array
Between be in series with third diode D3.
At least one first diode C1 is parallel between the positive electrode and negative electrode of the photovoltaic array.
The load both ends are parallel at least one second diode C2.
The electric signal that the fuzzy controller receives photovoltaic array is photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power variable quantity
△ P, output electric signal are that photovoltaic module voltage controls target value variation delta Vref.
The voltage adjuster further includes having error comparator, and the anode input of error comparator is photovoltaic module voltage,
Negative terminal input is voltage given value Vref.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control methods, applied to above-mentioned photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control system
System, includes the following steps:
Step S1: photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power variable quantity the △ P of photovoltaic module are obtained;
Step S2: fuzzy reasoning table, including photovoltaic voltage variation delta V, photovoltaic power variation delta P, Δ Vref are formulated
Numerical values recited conversion be negative big linguistic variable NB, it is negative in linguistic variable NM, negative small language variable NS, zero linguistic variable Z, just small
Linguistic variable PS, the domain for hitting exactly linguistic variable PM, honest linguistic variable PB and [- 1,1];
Step S3: photovoltaic voltage variation delta V and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are blurred, and according to fuzzy rule
Then table carries out fuzzy reasoning, is expressed as the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of linguistic variable form;
Step S4: to the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of step S3 linguistic variable form, it is clear to carry out
Change is converted to accurate photovoltaic module voltage control target value variation delta Vref, adjusts to generate control voltage to voltage
Device, to generate pwm signal to control the operating status of Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit.
The photovoltaic voltage variation delta V of the step S1 is the photovoltaic electric twice that voltage gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time
The difference of pressure, photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are the difference for the photovoltaic power twice that power gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time.
Voltage is controlled described in the step S4 is are as follows: voltage control gain value becomes multiplied by photovoltaic module voltage control target value
Change amount Δ Vref, and plus the photovoltaic voltage initially surveyed.
Further, the step S2 formulates fuzzy reasoning table with following steps:
Step S21, according to photovoltaic P-V characteristic curve, when photovoltaic voltage V has biggish positive incrementss, photovoltaic electric at this time
Pressure variation delta V is honest linguistic variable PB, and photovoltaic power P also has biggish positive increment, and photovoltaic power Δ P is honest at this time
Linguistic variable PB, continuing to increase considerably the control of photovoltaic module voltage target value Vref, i.e. photovoltaic power variation delta Vref is
Honest linguistic variable PB;
Step S22, when there is biggish photovoltaic voltage V increment, i.e. photovoltaic voltage variation delta V is honest linguistic variable PB,
Photovoltaic power P reduces instead, then reduces photovoltaic module voltage control target value Vref, i.e. volt component voltage control target value variation
Amount Δ Vref is negative value.
A kind of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system of the invention and method realize following technical effect:
1. the input using photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and power variation △ P as fuzzy controller, calculation amount is significantly
It reduces, is conducive to the design of fuzzy controller.
It is defeated when voltage △ V and power △ P is zero 2. design of Fuzzy Controller is very flexible, such as in maximum power point
△ Vref is zero out, can solve the concussion problem back and forth of maximum power point.
3. battery Bidirectional charging-discharging circuit topology is simple, situation is exported according to photovoltaic, it is automatic to carry out charge and discharge switching, it protects
Card load normal power supply, improves system effectiveness.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the DC/DC circuit diagram of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the fuzzy control block diagram of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the Fuzzy Control input of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method of the invention, output membership function;
Fig. 5 is the 60Wp photovoltaic module power figure based on photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, shows
So, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the schematic illustration and DC/DC of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system respectively of the invention
Circuit diagram.A kind of photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system of the invention includes photovoltaic module 30, load 20, photovoltaic module
Be connected between 30 and load 20 DC/DC circuit 10, collection photovoltaics component 30 electric signal and export the fuzzy control of electric signal
Voltage adjuster 50 is connected between device 40, fuzzy controller 40 and DC/DC circuit 10;
Further, the DC/DC circuit 10 further includes that both ends are separately connected 30 anode of photovoltaic array and 40 one end of load
Positive electrode bus, both ends are separately connected 30 cathode of photovoltaic array and load the negative electrode bus of 40 other ends, and DC/DC circuit 10 is also connected with
Have the cathode output end of battery P, the cathode output end of the battery P is connect with negative electrode bus, the DC/DC circuit 10 with
Battery P constitutes Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit (not indicating).
Further, as another embodiment, on the basis of above-mentioned control system, the Buck-Boost bidirectional power
Circuit includes at least two first switch tube T1 and second switch T2, and first switch tube T1 is in emitter and second switch
The collector of T2 is connected, and the collector and positive electrode bus of first switch tube T1 is electrically connected, second switch T2 emitter and negative
Pole bus is electrically connected, and first switch tube T1 goes back reverse parallel connection between collector and emitter at least one first diode
D1, second switch T2 go back reverse parallel connection between collector and emitter at least one second diode D2, the electric power storage
At least one inductor L is connected between the positive terminal of pond P and the first switch tube T1 and the concurrent end of second switch T2,
Positive electrode bus is in series with third diode D3 between the collector of first switch tube T1 and the anode of photovoltaic array.Battery P
By the on-off of inductor L control first switch tube T1 and second switch T2, first switch tube T1 and second switch T2 are equal
At least one first diode C1 is parallel between the controlled on-off of base stage, the positive electrode and negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, it is described negative
It carries both ends and is parallel at least one second diode C2.
It is photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power change that the fuzzy controller 40, which receives the electric signal of photovoltaic array 30,
Change amount △ P, output electric signal are that photovoltaic module voltage controls target value variation delta Vref.
The voltage adjuster 50 further includes having error comparator (not indicating), and the anode input of error comparator is photovoltaic
Component voltage value V, negative terminal input are that photovoltaic module voltage controls target value Vref.Fuzzy controller exports the control of photovoltaic component voltage
Target value variation delta Vref processed is added to obtain photovoltaic module voltage control target value Vref with current photovoltaic module voltage V, and
As the negative input in voltage adjuster 50, positive input is current photovoltaic module voltage value V, and error signal is adjusted through voltage
It is dynamic that the first switch tube T1 and second that controller G (s) in device 50 calculates generation PWM wave control DC/DC circuit 10 closes switch T2
Make, so that photovoltaic module voltage V is followed the control target value Vref variation of photovoltaic module voltage, make voltage V and target voltage Vref phase
Deng finally working in maximum power point voltage.
The working principle of the photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system is as follows: the inductor L, first switch tube T1, second
Switch transistor T 2, first diode D1 and the second diode D2 constitute bi-directional power conversion topology.In solar energy abundance, photovoltaic group
Part 30 is that load 20 provides electric energy while being battery P charging, photovoltaic module 30, third diode D3, first capacitor C1, first
Switch transistor T 1, inductor L, the second diode D2, battery P constitute Buck circuit, by Buck circuit control input terminal voltage,
That is photovoltaic module voltage carries out MPPT control.In the insufficient situation of solar energy, battery P, inductor L, first switch tube
T2, first diode D1, the second capacitor C2, load 20 constitute Boost circuit, and battery P is that load 20 provides energy, at this time may be used
The output voltage of control Boost indirectly controls 30 voltage of photovoltaic module, i.e., solar energy output not enough needs under dim light
Under battery P discharge scenario, can also maximal power tracing be carried out to photovoltaic module 30.
Referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5, invention additionally discloses a kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control methods, applied to above-mentioned photovoltaic
MPPT Fuzzy control system includes the following steps: referring to Fig. 3
Step S1: photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power variable quantity the △ P of photovoltaic module are obtained;
Step S2: fuzzy reasoning table, including photovoltaic voltage variation delta V, photovoltaic power variation delta P, Δ Vref are formulated
Numerical values recited conversion be negative big linguistic variable NB, it is negative in linguistic variable NM, negative small language variable NS, zero linguistic variable Z, just small
Linguistic variable PS, the domain for hitting exactly linguistic variable PM, honest linguistic variable PB and [- 1,1];
Step S3: photovoltaic voltage variation delta V and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are blurred, and according to fuzzy rule
Then table carries out fuzzy reasoning, is expressed as the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of linguistic variable form;
Step S4: to the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of step S3 linguistic variable form, it is clear to carry out
Change is converted to accurate photovoltaic module voltage control target value variation delta Vref, adjusts to generate control voltage to voltage
Device, to generate pwm signal to control the operating status of Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit.
Referring to Fig. 4, the photovoltaic voltage variation delta V of the step S1 is two that voltage gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time
The difference of secondary photovoltaic voltage, photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are the photovoltaic power twice that power gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time
Difference;The calculation formula of the photovoltaic voltage variation delta V and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are as follows: Δ V=[V (k)-V (k-
1)] * K1, Δ P=[P (k)-P (k-1)] * K2, wherein k is detection time, is indicated with positive integer, and V (k) surveys light by the k moment
The photovoltaic voltage of component (30) is lied prostrate, P (k) is surveyed the photovoltaic power of photovoltaic module (30) by the k moment.
Voltage is controlled described in the step S4 is are as follows: voltage control gain value becomes multiplied by photovoltaic module voltage control target value
Change amount Δ Vref, and plus the photovoltaic voltage initially surveyed, specifically, photovoltaic module voltage controls target value variation delta Vref
Calculation formula are as follows: Vref (k)=V (k-1)+Δ Vref*K3.
1. fuzzy reasoning table of table
Referring to 1. fuzzy reasoning table of Fig. 4 and table, it is further used as one embodiment, the step S2 formulates fuzzy reasoning table
Method it is as follows: first according to photovoltaic voltage variation delta V, photovoltaic power variation delta P, photovoltaic module voltage control target value
The numerical values recited of variation delta Vref be converted into language be negative big linguistic variable NB, it is negative in linguistic variable NM, negative small language variable NS,
Zero linguistic variable Z, positive small language variable PS, the domain for hitting exactly linguistic variable PM, honest linguistic variable PB and [- 1,1];Secondly,
Step S21 is according to photovoltaic P-V characteristic curve, and when photovoltaic voltage V has biggish positive incrementss, (photovoltaic voltage variation delta V is
Honest linguistic variable PB), photovoltaic power P also has biggish positive increment (Δ P is honest linguistic variable PB), illustrates work point
In the left side of P-V curve, Ying Jixu increases considerably photovoltaic module voltage control target value Vref (i.e. photovoltaic power variation delta
Vref is honest linguistic variable PB);Step S22. is if there is (i.e. photovoltaic voltage variation delta V is biggish photovoltaic voltage V increment
Honest linguistic variable PB), photovoltaic power P reduces instead, it should reduce photovoltaic module voltage control target value Vref (i.e. volt component
It is negative value that voltage, which controls target value variation delta Vref).Fuzzy reasoning table according to the design of the principle of above-mentioned steps is diagonal right
Claim shape.
Fig. 5 is please referred to, is the 60Wp photovoltaic module power based on photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method and system of the invention
Figure.Fuzzy controller has been built in MATLAB, according to above-mentioned membership function and fuzzy reasoning table design method, has been used
Mamdani fuzzy reasoning method carries out SIMULINK simulation analysis, obtains the 60Wp photovoltaic module output work based on fuzzy control
Rate figure, it is seen then that the MPPT tracking effect of the fuzzy control method is good, and photovoltaic module power output is kept to stablize.
Above-described embodiment is only to illustrate the present invention and not limits the technical scheme described by the invention;Therefore, although
The present invention has been described in detail referring to above-mentioned each embodiment for this specification, still, the ordinary skill of this field
Personnel should be appreciated that and still can modify or equivalently replace the present invention;And all do not depart from spirit of the invention and
The technical solution and its improvement of range, are intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method is realized, the photovoltaic MPPT mould by photovoltaic MPPT Fuzzy control system
Fuzzy control system includes that DC/DC electricity is connected between photovoltaic module (30), load (20), photovoltaic module (30) and load (20)
Road (10), collection photovoltaics component (30) electric signal and export the fuzzy controller (40) of electric signal, fuzzy controller (40) with
It is connected between DC/DC circuit (10) voltage adjuster (50), the DC/DC circuit (10) further includes that both ends are separately connected photovoltaic
The positive electrode bus of array (30) anode and load (20) one end, both ends are separately connected photovoltaic array (30) cathode and load (20) is another
The negative electrode bus of one end, DC/DC circuit (10) are also connected with the cathode output end of battery P, the cathode output of the battery P
End is connect with negative electrode bus, and the DC/DC circuit (10) and battery P constitute Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit;The mould
The electric signal that fuzzy controllers (40) receive photovoltaic array (30) is photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P,
Exporting electric signal is that photovoltaic module voltage controls target value variation delta vref;
It is characterized by: the photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method includes the following steps:
Step S1: photovoltaic voltage variable quantity △ V and photovoltaic power variable quantity the △ P of photovoltaic module are obtained;
Step S2: fuzzy reasoning table, the number including photovoltaic voltage variation delta V, photovoltaic power variation delta P, Δ Vref are formulated
Value size converts the big linguistic variable NB that is negative, negative middle linguistic variable NM, negative small language variable NS, zero linguistic variable Z, positive small language
Variable PS, the domain for hitting exactly linguistic variable PM, honest linguistic variable PB and [- 1,1];
Step S3: photovoltaic voltage variation delta V and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P are blurred, and according to fuzzy reasoning table
Fuzzy reasoning is carried out, the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of linguistic variable form are expressed as;
Step S4: it to the photovoltaic voltage variable quantity and photovoltaic power variable quantity of step S3 linguistic variable form, carries out sharpening and turns
It is changed to accurate photovoltaic module voltage control target value variation delta Vref, to generate control voltage to voltage adjuster, from
And pwm signal is generated to control the operating status of Buck-Boost bidirectional power circuit.
2. photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic voltage of the step S1
Variation delta V is the difference for the photovoltaic voltage twice that voltage gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time, and photovoltaic power variable quantity △ P is
The difference for the photovoltaic power twice that power gain value is acquired multiplied by adjacent time.
3. photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that controlled described in the step S4
Voltage processed is are as follows: voltage control gain value controls target value variation delta Vref multiplied by photovoltaic module voltage, and adds initial institute
The photovoltaic voltage of survey.
4. photovoltaic MPPT fuzzy control method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step S2, to walk as follows
It is rapid to formulate fuzzy reasoning table:
Step S21, according to photovoltaic P-V characteristic curve, when photovoltaic voltage V has biggish positive incrementss, photovoltaic electric buckling at this time
Change amount Δ V is honest linguistic variable PB, and photovoltaic power P also has biggish positive increment, and photovoltaic power Δ P is honest language at this time
Variable PB continues to increase considerably the control of photovoltaic module voltage target value Vref, i.e. photovoltaic power variation delta Vref to be honest
Linguistic variable PB;
Step S22, when there is biggish photovoltaic voltage V increment, i.e. photovoltaic voltage variation delta V is honest linguistic variable PB, photovoltaic
Power P reduces instead, then reduces photovoltaic module voltage control target value Vref, i.e. volt component voltage controls target value variation delta
Vref is negative value.
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