CN219304491U - Battery charging circuit - Google Patents
Battery charging circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN219304491U CN219304491U CN202223064595.6U CN202223064595U CN219304491U CN 219304491 U CN219304491 U CN 219304491U CN 202223064595 U CN202223064595 U CN 202223064595U CN 219304491 U CN219304491 U CN 219304491U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a battery charging circuit, including: a voltage sampling circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, and a battery; one end of the voltage sampling circuit is respectively connected with the anode of the photovoltaic cell and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit; the other end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the second end of the voltage conversion circuit, the third end of the voltage conversion circuit is respectively connected with the cathode of the photovoltaic cell and the cathode of the storage battery, and the fourth end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with the anode of the storage battery. The photovoltaic cell power output efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a battery charging circuit.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is an important component of new energy sources. Because photovoltaic needs to convert solar energy into electric energy, the photovoltaic is influenced by day-night alternation, and the fluctuation of the generated energy is large, and therefore, in many application occasions, a storage battery is needed to store the electric energy. When the sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic cell charges the battery. When the illumination is insufficient, the storage battery provides power for the electric equipment.
The power generation amount of the photovoltaic cell also changes along with the illumination intensity under the influence of the illumination intensity, the charger needs to adjust the charging parameters according to the power generation capacity of the actual photovoltaic cell, and the photovoltaic cell can output the maximum power, and the adjustment process is called power tracking.
At present, for large-scale power generation facilities, because the common power tracking without the influence of cost and controller loss is mainly completed by a micro control unit (Microcontroller Unit, MCU) and other processors, the MCU and other processors can collect the voltage and current output by a photovoltaic cell in real time and adjust the working state of a charger according to the collected parameters, so that the photovoltaic can output the maximum power, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. For small power generation facilities, which are subject to cost and controller loss, power trackers with MCU control are not generally used, or Direct Current (DC)/DC converters are simply used as chargers. However, when a DC/DC converter is used as a charger, the power output efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is greatly optimized.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a battery charging circuit that overcomes, at least in part, one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part by the practice of the disclosure.
The present disclosure provides a battery charging circuit, comprising:
a voltage sampling circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, and a battery;
one end of the voltage sampling circuit is respectively connected with the anode of the photovoltaic cell and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit; the other end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the second end of the voltage conversion circuit, the third end of the voltage conversion circuit is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell and the negative electrode of the storage battery, and the fourth end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for collecting the voltage of the photovoltaic cell and carrying out target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the operated voltage;
inputting the operated voltage into the voltage conversion circuit;
the voltage conversion circuit is used for carrying out voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the calculated voltage to obtain converted voltage, and inputting the converted voltage into the storage battery to charge the storage battery.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage sampling circuit includes an amplifier, a first input terminal of the amplifier is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell, and an output terminal of the amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the voltage conversion circuit;
the voltage sampling circuit performs target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the obtained voltage after operation comprises the following steps:
the amplifier acquires the voltage of a second input end of the amplifier;
calculating the difference between the voltage of the second input end and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
and amplifying the difference value to obtain amplified voltage.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a first input of the amplifier is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell through a first voltage dividing resistor, and the first input is also connected to the output of the amplifier through a second voltage dividing resistor;
and when the amplifier is short, amplifying the difference value by adopting the following formula:
RF1 is the first voltage dividing resistor, RF2 is the second voltage dividing resistor, VRef is the amplified voltage, V in V for the voltage of the photovoltaic cell in- Is the voltage at the second input.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage conversion circuit includes a Buck step-down circuit;
the Buck step-down circuit performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the amplified voltage, and the step-down circuit includes:
the Buck step-down circuit reduces the voltage of the photovoltaic cell if the amplified voltage is determined to be greater than a preset voltage threshold;
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is smaller than the preset voltage threshold, the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is increased.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the Buck circuit includes a DC/DC circuit, and if it is determined that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, increasing a PWM duty ratio in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, if the Buck circuit determines that the amplified voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold, increasing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the PWM duty ratio in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can comprise the following beneficial effects:
in summary, in the circuit provided by the disclosure, the voltage of the photovoltaic cell can be collected through the voltage sampling circuit, and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is subjected to target operation to obtain the operated voltage; inputting the operated voltage into the voltage conversion circuit; and then the voltage conversion circuit converts the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the calculated voltage to obtain converted voltage, the converted voltage is input into the storage battery to charge the storage battery, and the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell can be controlled in a proper range by converting the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, so that the photovoltaic cell has higher output efficiency.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a battery charging circuit in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a battery charging circuit in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Detailed Description
The principles and spirit of the present utility model will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are presented merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and practice the utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the utility model may be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the following forms, namely: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
An ideal photovoltaic cell can be equivalently a model of a constant current source and a resistor in series. The stronger the light, the more current capability it outputs. The final output power of the photovoltaic cell is determined by the product of the voltage and the current at the two ends of the equivalent resistor, so that under certain illumination conditions, if the equivalent resistor is smaller, the voltage (namely the photovoltaic cell) at the two ends of the equivalent resistor is smaller, but the current flowing through the equivalent resistor is larger; the larger the equivalent resistance is, the higher the voltage of the equivalent resistance is, and the smaller the current flowing through the equivalent resistance is. The output voltage corresponding to the maximum power of the general photovoltaic cell is relatively close under different illumination conditions, and belongs to a characteristic index of the photovoltaic cell. Therefore, by power tracking, the photovoltaic cell output voltage can be kept near the maximum power, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell power generation output can be improved.
At present, for large-scale power generation facilities, because the power tracking is not influenced by cost and controller loss, the power tracking is mainly completed by a processor such as an MCU (micro controller unit) and the like, the processor such as the MCU and the like can collect the voltage and the current output by a photovoltaic cell in real time, and the working state of a charger is regulated according to the collected parameters, so that the photovoltaic can output the maximum power, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. For small power generation facilities, which are subject to cost and controller loss, power trackers with MCU control are generally not used, or DC/DC converters are simply used as chargers. However, when a DC/DC converter is used as a charger, the power output efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is greatly optimized.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present exemplary embodiment provides a battery charging circuit, which can solve the problem that when a Direct Current (DC) or a DC/DC converter is used as a charger, the power output efficiency of a photovoltaic cell is greatly optimized. Referring to fig. 1, the battery charging circuit described above may include:
a voltage sampling circuit 101, a voltage conversion circuit 102, and a battery 103;
one end of the voltage sampling circuit 101 is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit 102 respectively; the other end of the voltage sampling circuit 101 is connected with the second end of the voltage conversion circuit 102, the third end of the voltage conversion circuit 102 is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell 104 and the negative electrode of the storage battery 103, and the fourth end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery 103;
the voltage sampling circuit 101 is configured to collect a voltage of the photovoltaic cell 104, and perform a target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain an operated voltage;
inputting the operated voltage into the voltage conversion circuit;
the voltage conversion circuit 102 is configured to perform voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell 104 according to the calculated voltage, obtain a converted voltage, and input the converted voltage into the storage battery 103, so as to charge the storage battery 103.
In summary, in the circuit provided by the disclosure, the voltage of the photovoltaic cell can be collected through the voltage sampling circuit, and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is subjected to target operation to obtain the operated voltage; inputting the operated voltage into the voltage conversion circuit; and then the voltage conversion circuit converts the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the calculated voltage to obtain converted voltage, the converted voltage is input into the storage battery to charge the storage battery, and the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell can be controlled in a proper range by converting the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, so that the photovoltaic cell has higher output efficiency.
The battery charging circuit provided by the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to fig. 2. Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a block diagram of another battery charging circuit in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage sampling circuit 101 may be an amplifier, and the model is U1A, a first input end (a port 2 of the amplifier) of the amplifier is one end of the voltage sampling circuit 101 and is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell 104, and an output end (a port 1 of the amplifier) of the amplifier is the other end of the voltage sampling circuit 101 and is connected to the second end of the voltage conversion circuit.
Based on the foregoing, in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the voltage sampling circuit performs a target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and obtaining the operated voltage includes:
the amplifier acquires the voltage of the second input of the amplifier (i.e. port 3 of the amplifier); calculating the difference between the voltage of the second input end and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell; and amplifying the difference value to obtain amplified voltage.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the amplifier (U1A) functions as voltage acquisition and PWM control feedback. The second input end of the amplifier is divided by the W potentiometer to divide the VZ, and the VZ is a constant voltage reference value. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage at the second input of the amplifier may be kept unchanged by maintaining the state of the W-potentiometer.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, a first input end of the amplifier is connected with a positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell through a first voltage dividing resistor, and the first input end is also connected with an output end of the amplifier through a second voltage dividing resistor;
and when the amplifier is short, amplifying the difference value by adopting the following formula:
RF1 is the first voltage dividing resistor, RF2 is the second voltage dividing resistor, VRef is the amplified voltage, V in V for the voltage of the photovoltaic cell in- Is the voltage at the second input.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when the amplifier is in operation, the amplifier is virtually short, then V in And V in- Approximately the same. And due to V in- Is a constant voltage, thus VRef is dependent only on V in Change and when V in When increasing, VRef will decrease; conversely, when V in As it decreases, VRef increases.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage conversion circuit includes a Buck step-down circuit; the Buck step-down circuit performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the amplified voltage, and the step-down circuit includes: the Buck step-down circuit reduces the voltage of the photovoltaic cell if the amplified voltage is determined to be greater than a preset voltage threshold; and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is smaller than the preset voltage threshold, the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is increased.
In one of the present disclosureIn an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the voltage conversion circuit (U2) may be a typical Buck circuit composed of MP2302, V+ (i.e., the first end of the voltage conversion circuit 102) and V 1 Positive and negative poles connected to the photovoltaic cell 104, vout (fourth terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 102) and V 2 Positive and negative electrodes respectively connected to the charged accumulator 103, V 1 -and V 2 Simultaneously connected to the Ground (GND) terminal of MP2302 (i.e. the third terminal of voltage conversion circuit 102). Since VRef is coupled to the FB terminal (i.e., the second terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 102) of MP2302, its voltage needs to be kept around a preset voltage threshold (e.g., 0.6V). Thus, when VRef is greater than a preset voltage threshold, MP2302 decreases the voltage of the photovoltaic cell; when VRef is less than a preset voltage threshold, MP2302 increases the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the Buck circuit includes a DC/DC circuit, and if it is determined that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, increasing a pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) duty cycle in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, if the Buck circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, increasing the PWM duty cycle in the DC/DC circuit increases the current absorbed by the DC/DC circuit from the photovoltaic cell, thereby reducing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, if the Buck circuit determines that the amplified voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold, increasing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the PWM duty ratio in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, if the Buck step-down circuit determines that VRef is less than the preset voltage threshold, decreasing the PWM duty cycle in the DC/DC circuit decreases the current drawn by the DC/DC circuit from the photovoltaic cell, thereby increasing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
In summary, according to the battery charging circuit provided by the disclosure, the duty ratio of PWM can be adjusted to adjust the working point of the DC/DC circuit, so that the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is kept in a proper range, and the high-power output of the photovoltaic cell is further kept, so that the photovoltaic cell has higher output efficiency.
It should be noted that although several modules or sub-modules of the battery charging circuit are mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functionality of two or more units/modules described above may be embodied in one unit/module in accordance with embodiments of the present utility model. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit/module described above may be further divided into ones that are embodied by a plurality of units/modules.
While the spirit and principles of the present utility model have been described with reference to several particular embodiments, it is to be understood that the utility model is not limited to the disclosed embodiments nor does it imply that features of the various aspects are not useful in combination, nor are they useful in any combination, such as for convenience of description. The utility model is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A battery charging circuit, comprising:
a voltage sampling circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, and a battery;
one end of the voltage sampling circuit is respectively connected with the anode of the photovoltaic cell and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit; the other end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the second end of the voltage conversion circuit, the third end of the voltage conversion circuit is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell and the negative electrode of the storage battery, and the fourth end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for collecting the voltage of the photovoltaic cell and carrying out target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the operated voltage;
inputting the operated voltage into the voltage conversion circuit;
the voltage conversion circuit is used for carrying out voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the calculated voltage to obtain converted voltage, and inputting the converted voltage into the storage battery to charge the storage battery.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage sampling circuit comprises an amplifier, a first input of the amplifier being connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell, an output of the amplifier being connected to the first end of the voltage conversion circuit;
the voltage sampling circuit performs target operation on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the obtained voltage after operation comprises the following steps:
the amplifier acquires the voltage of a second input end of the amplifier;
calculating the difference between the voltage of the second input end and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
and amplifying the difference value to obtain amplified voltage.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein a first input of the amplifier is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell through a first voltage dividing resistor, the first input is further connected to the output of the amplifier through a second voltage dividing resistor;
and when the amplifier is short, amplifying the difference value by adopting the following formula:
RF1 is the first voltage dividing resistor, RF2 isThe second voltage-dividing resistor, VRef is the amplified voltage, V in V for the voltage of the photovoltaic cell in- Is the voltage at the second input.
4. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage conversion circuit comprises a Buck circuit;
the Buck step-down circuit performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the photovoltaic cell according to the amplified voltage, and the step-down circuit includes:
the Buck step-down circuit reduces the voltage of the photovoltaic cell if the amplified voltage is determined to be greater than a preset voltage threshold;
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is smaller than the preset voltage threshold, the voltage of the photovoltaic cell is increased.
5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the Buck circuit comprises a DC/DC circuit, and wherein if the Buck circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell comprises:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, increasing a PWM duty ratio in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the Buck circuit, if it is determined that the amplified voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold, increases the voltage of the photovoltaic cell comprising:
and if the Buck step-down circuit determines that the amplified voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold, reducing the PWM duty ratio in the DC/DC circuit to reduce the voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223064595.6U CN219304491U (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Battery charging circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223064595.6U CN219304491U (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Battery charging circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219304491U true CN219304491U (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202223064595.6U Active CN219304491U (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Battery charging circuit |
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| CN (1) | CN219304491U (en) |
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- 2022-11-18 CN CN202223064595.6U patent/CN219304491U/en active Active
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