CN1044211C - 具有扭转切屑面的切削镶齿 - Google Patents

具有扭转切屑面的切削镶齿 Download PDF

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CN1044211C
CN1044211C CN94191026A CN94191026A CN1044211C CN 1044211 C CN1044211 C CN 1044211C CN 94191026 A CN94191026 A CN 94191026A CN 94191026 A CN94191026 A CN 94191026A CN 1044211 C CN1044211 C CN 1044211C
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cutting edge
face
cutting
contiguous
angle
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CN1116837A (zh
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冈瑞·潘泽
佩·尼尔森
马格纳斯·阿斯拜比
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202—Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23C2200/085—Rake or top surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/205—Discontinuous cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y10T407/235—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges with integral chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y10T407/245—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector comprising concave surface in cutting face of tool

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种可分度切削镶齿，包括一顶面、一底面和伸展在所述两面之间的若干侧面。在两相邻切削转角之间，一前面做成前角随着切削深度的增大而减小，从而切削刃的强度随着切削深度的增大而提高，这种结构有利于加工容易发生表面硬化的材料。

Description

具有扭转切屑面的切削镶齿
本发明涉及用于切屑成形机、特别是端面铣床之类的铣刀的切削镶齿。该切削镶齿最好用镶齿成形粉末经成形压制和烧结而成。该切削镶齿包括一切屑顶面、一可与该成形机的一相配的底部支撑面接靠的下部底平面以及至少三个伸展在该顶面与该底面之间的侧面。其中至少一个侧面沿着一构成一切削刃的线邻接该切屑顶面。
这类镶齿越来越多地用直接压制法制造，在这种方法中，首先在合适的压制机中把硬质合金粉末压制成预期形状，然后放到一烤炉中以高于1000℃的温度烧结而获得最终强度。这种压制工艺经多年不断改进现已日臻完善，从而能以很高的成品率形成精度很高的切削刃和相邻的切屑成形面以及可能有的加固性倒角和后面(或称留隙面，下同)。而且在确定压制机的尺寸时考虑到了采用该工艺会发生的收缩现象。
当今的切削结构日益采用正向结构，即镶齿的切屑面或前面与切削面法线之间的角度越来越大。采用这种结构的原因在于可获得如下几个优点，比方说切削力小从而能耗低、切削刃精确从而测量精度高、在保持正向切削结构的同时后角的选择范围宽。缺点是切削刃越锋利强度越低，从而可能造成切削刃碎裂。刃角常常非常小而接近硬质合金的强度极限。
这种低能耗、正向切削结构常常被用来加工具有不利于切削的特性的材料。因而，某些材料，比方说易发生表面硬化现象的某些较坚固较硬的材料，如某些不锈钢和含磷钢，在切削和/或加工时易于自硬化。工件的自硬化特性特别会出现在以最大切削深度加工时所产生的切削边处。自硬化主要出现在较大切削深度处的原因是，在切削加工在工件表面生成尖锐毛刺的同时，切削力和所生成的热量增大。此时生成的毛刺立即被空气冷却而硬化，从而作用在切削刃上的应力增大，特别是在与最大切削深度对应的那部分切削刃上。由硬化毛刺引起的这一增大的应力有时会使切削刃碎裂。这种可能性随着切削深度的增大而增大。
本发明的目的是减小或甚至消除最大切削深度处的切削刃发生碎裂的可能性。
为实现这一目的和其它目的，把切削刃做成其强度随着切削深度增加而增加，为此随着切削深度的增大逐渐减小前角。按照本发明，提供一沿着切削刃扭转成螺旋形的前面，即可做到这一点。
具体地说，本发明提供一种用于切屑成形机、特别是铣刀的切削镶齿，该镶齿是通过压制和烧结镶齿成形粉末而制成的，该镶齿包括一顶面、一可与该成形机的一相配支撑面接靠的下部底面、和至少一个伸展在所述顶面与底面之间的侧面，其中至少一个侧面沿着一构成一主切削刃的线邻接该顶面，其特征是，一邻接该主切削刃并沿着该主切削刃伸展的前面沿其长度扭转成螺旋形，使得该前面的前角在邻近工作切削转角处最大，而在邻近下一个切削转角处最小，并且每个所述侧面由一个或几个平面组成，所述平面与所述顶面构成直角或锐角。
按照本发明，镶齿的后角最好保持不变。或者，该后角也可稍稍扭转，但其扭转程度与前面不同。后面的螺旋形扭转角度不应与前面相同，因为若相同，切削刃的强度不会随着切削深度的增大而增大，而这正是本发明的重要特征，若后面也扭转成螺旋形，则如当前优选的那样，其节距不应大于前面节距的一半。
前面或切屑面沿着切削刃扭转成螺旋形的可分度切削镶齿是已知的，例如可参见EP-A-239045和EP-A-392730。但是，那些切削镶齿为了保持切削刃刃角不变而具有相同扭转的前面和后面。但是，使用现有结构，这些现有镶齿无法产生本发明所要求的效果，因为切削刃的强度并不随着切削深度的增大而提高，从而在最大切削深度处发生碎裂的可能性依然存在。
下面结合附图详述本发明的例示性但非限制性优选实施例，附图中相同部件使用相同标记。附图中：
图1为本发明镶齿的立体图；
图2为本发明镶齿的俯视图；以及
图3a、3b和3c分别为沿图2中Ⅰ-Ⅰ、Ⅱ-Ⅱ和Ⅲ-Ⅲ线剖取的剖面图。
图1和图2示出本发明的大体为正方体的可分度切削镶齿1。该镶齿包括一大致为平面的顶面或切屑面11和与该顶面11平行的底面以及与顶面11形成锐角的后面或侧面2和3。图1所示后侧面由平面2和3构成，它们沿着一断屑线(或破裂线，下同)或交线互成钝角。在次切削刃8处，后面3与后面或平面4相交。次后面9与次切削刃8邻接。但是后面或留隙面的结构在本发明中无关紧要，它也可以是占据整个侧面的单个平面或稍稍弯曲的曲面。不过，至少是邻接切削刃的侧面可与顶平面11垂直。
从图1和图2可见，一前面10伸展在两相邻切削转角6之间，前面10做成能体现出本发明的特征。因此，前面在邻近一工作切削转角的起点处具有最大前角，其合适的值为15°-40°，最好为20°-30°(图3a)。然后，该前角沿着主切削刃5逐渐减小，最后在邻近次前面9处达到最小值，合适的最小值为5°-25°，最好为10°-20°(图3c)。邻近主切削刃的至少一个侧面的后角为0°-12°。次前面9终止在一大致垂直的表面13处，该表面13也可用来断屑。表面13以过渡面7过渡到与下一个切削刃相联的前面10，该过渡面7也就是转角处切削刃的前面。
为了随着切削深度的增大逐渐提高主切削刃5的强度，前面10逐渐并连续地扭转成螺旋形。使用这种结构，可分度切削镶齿在加工易于发生表面硬化的坚固材料时的使用寿命长得令人惊奇。从图3a、3b和3c中可看出前角在切削刃的不同部位的大小以及螺旋形扭转程度。
在各前面10之内的顶面11的形状在本发明中无关紧要因此，该表面上可做出合适的现有断屑结构，例如凸脊、凸缘、凹坑等等。
本发明切削镶齿上最好有一中心穿孔12，用来插入合适的夹紧装置，例如螺钉、锁销等。
按照所示实施例，主切削刃是笔直的，但它也可向外稍稍弯曲，以便补偿该镶齿在铣刀中的正倾角或偶而是负的倾角，从而确保在工件上加工出来的表面完全是平面。
上述说明书说明了本发明的原理、优选实施例和工作方式。但是本发明所要求保护的不限于上述特殊实施例，而是包括符合后附权利要求的精神和范围的所有改动。

Claims (5)

1．一种用于切屑成形机、特别是铣刀的切削镶齿，该镶齿是通过压制和烧结镶齿成形粉末而制成的，该镶齿包括一顶面(11)、一可与该成形机的一相配支撑面接靠的下部底面、和至少三个伸展在所述顶面与底面之间的侧面(2,3)，其中至少一个侧面沿着一构成一主切削刃(5)的线邻接该顶面，其特征是，一邻接该主切削刃并沿着该主切削刃伸展的前面沿其长度扭转成螺旋形，使得该前面的前角在邻近工作切削转角(6)处最大，而在邻近下一个切削转角处最小，并且每个所述侧面(2,3)由一个或几个平面组成，所述平面与所述顶面(11)构成直角或锐角。
2．按权利要求1所述的镶齿，其中，该扭转成螺旋形的前面在邻近第一工作切削转角处的前角为15°-40°，而在邻近下一个切削转角处的前角为5°-25°。
3．按权利要求1所述的镶齿，其中，邻近主切削刃的至少一个侧面的后角为0°-12°。
4．按权利要求2所述的镶齿，其中，扭转成螺旋形的前面的前角为20°-30°。
5．按权利要求2所述的镶齿，其中，扭转成螺旋形的前面在邻近下一个切削转角处的前角为10°-20°。
CN94191026A 1993-01-27 1994-01-26 具有扭转切屑面的切削镶齿 Expired - Lifetime CN1044211C (zh)

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SE93002350 1993-01-27
SE9300235-0 1993-01-27
SE9300235A SE500719C2 (sv) 1993-01-27 1993-01-27 Skär med skruvformigt vriden spånyta

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CN1116837A CN1116837A (zh) 1996-02-14
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US (1) US5810521A (zh)
EP (1) EP0682584B2 (zh)
JP (1) JPH08505817A (zh)
KR (1) KR100305458B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1044211C (zh)
AT (1) ATE166014T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69410238T3 (zh)
IL (1) IL108410A (zh)
RU (1) RU2108896C1 (zh)
SE (1) SE500719C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1994016851A1 (zh)

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CN109715328B (zh) * 2016-10-14 2020-09-29 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 切削刀具
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US11311949B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2022-04-26 Beijing Worldia Diamond Tools Co., Ltd. Indexable face milling cutting insert and face milling cutting head using the cutting insert
US10384278B2 (en) * 2017-10-09 2019-08-20 Iscar, Ltd. Square-shaped cutting insert having curved secondary and corner cutting edges, and rotary cutting tool
US10406609B2 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-09-10 Iscar, Ltd. Single-sided four-way indexable positive cutting insert and insert mill therefor
US10906107B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2021-02-02 Iscar, Ltd. Single-sided four-way indexable positive cutting insert and insert mill therefor
US11040404B2 (en) * 2018-10-11 2021-06-22 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. Cutting insert and boring tool
JP6744599B1 (ja) * 2019-03-01 2020-08-19 株式会社タンガロイ 切削インサート
WO2020196526A1 (ja) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 切削インサート

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Also Published As

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JPH08505817A (ja) 1996-06-25
US5810521A (en) 1998-09-22
SE9300235L (sv) 1994-07-28
KR100305458B1 (ko) 2001-11-22
WO1994016851A1 (en) 1994-08-04
IL108410A0 (en) 1994-04-12
DE69410238T3 (de) 2004-10-21
EP0682584A1 (en) 1995-11-22
SE9300235D0 (sv) 1993-01-27
DE69410238T2 (de) 1998-09-03
EP0682584B1 (en) 1998-05-13
RU2108896C1 (ru) 1998-04-20
SE500719C2 (sv) 1994-08-15
CN1116837A (zh) 1996-02-14
EP0682584B2 (en) 2004-05-06
ATE166014T1 (de) 1998-05-15
KR960700120A (ko) 1996-01-19
DE69410238D1 (de) 1998-06-18
IL108410A (en) 1996-11-14

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