CN104394856A - 以斑马鱼模型进行药物筛选的方法及筛选所得药物 - Google Patents
以斑马鱼模型进行药物筛选的方法及筛选所得药物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104394856A CN104394856A CN201380026631.4A CN201380026631A CN104394856A CN 104394856 A CN104394856 A CN 104394856A CN 201380026631 A CN201380026631 A CN 201380026631A CN 104394856 A CN104394856 A CN 104394856A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- alkyl
- group
- heteroaryl
- zebrafish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 73
- 241000252212 Danio rerio Species 0.000 title abstract description 157
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000004379 myopia Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 208000001491 myopia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000035557 fibrillogenesis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 201000002287 Keratoconus Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 2-indolyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 76
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 claims description 71
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 claims description 58
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 229940124761 MMP inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OCSMOTCMPXTDND-OUAUKWLOSA-N marimastat Chemical compound CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)[C@H](O)C(=O)NO OCSMOTCMPXTDND-OUAUKWLOSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 14
- 229950008959 marimastat Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- SGKRLCUYIXIAHR-AKNGSSGZSA-N (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,6r,12ar)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@](C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@H]3N(C)C)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O SGKRLCUYIXIAHR-AKNGSSGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FFTVPQUHLQBXQZ-KVUCHLLUSA-N (4s,4as,5ar,12ar)-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C2=C(N(C)C)C=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]1(O)C2=O FFTVPQUHLQBXQZ-KVUCHLLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960003722 doxycycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960004023 minocycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propofol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1O OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960004134 propofol Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003889 eye drop Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 102100026858 Protein-lysine 6-oxidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003885 eye ointment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminyl Chemical compound [NH2] MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002083 C09CA01 - Losartan Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XFILPEOLDIKJHX-QYZOEREBSA-N batimastat Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)NC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)[C@H](CSC=1SC=CC=1)C(=O)NO)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFILPEOLDIKJHX-QYZOEREBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950001858 batimastat Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000519 losartan potassium Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical group [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- KUJQEQAVMNFFAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)butyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide Chemical compound C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC=1C(=O)NCCCCN1CCOCC1 KUJQEQAVMNFFAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000816 peptidomimetic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003204 NH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 108091027076 Spiegelmer Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003990 diarylether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 92
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 108010076371 Lumican Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 102000011681 Lumican Human genes 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 53
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 46
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 42
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 38
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 27
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 25
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 23
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 15
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 108010047357 Luminescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 210000003683 corneal stroma Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 102100026802 72 kDa type IV collagenase Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 102000006830 Luminescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 102000004005 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108090000459 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 108010000684 Matrix Metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000002274 Matrix Metalloproteinases Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102000004237 Decorin Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000738 Decorin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 102000005741 Metalloproteases Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010006035 Metalloproteases Proteins 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940012356 eye drops Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000004402 high myopia Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 7
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 101710151806 72 kDa type IV collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102100032114 Lumican Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 6
- 208000036488 Scleral thinning Diseases 0.000 description 6
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N Tamoxifen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000004373 eye development Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- KXCLCNHUUKTANI-RBIYJLQWSA-N keratan Chemical group CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O)[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H]2O)COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1O KXCLCNHUUKTANI-RBIYJLQWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WTJXVDPDEQKTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C2=C(N(C)C)C=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C2C1CC1C(N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)C1(O)C2=O WTJXVDPDEQKTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000669513 Homo sapiens Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100039364 Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 229940121948 Muscarinic receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002421 minocycline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000003551 muscarinic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZKRFOXLVOKTUTA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 9-(5-phosphoribofuranosyl)-6-mercaptopurine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=S)=C2N=C1 ZKRFOXLVOKTUTA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XIQVNETUBQGFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ditropan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(C(=O)OCC#CCN(CC)CC)C1CCCCC1 XIQVNETUBQGFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 101000627872 Homo sapiens 72 kDa type IV collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BGDKAVGWHJFAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tropicamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CO)C(=O)N(CC)CC1=CC=NC=C1 BGDKAVGWHJFAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004329 axial myopia Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960001361 ipratropium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- KEWHKYJURDBRMN-ZEODDXGYSA-M ipratropium bromide hydrate Chemical compound O.[Br-].O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[N@@+]2(C)C(C)C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 KEWHKYJURDBRMN-ZEODDXGYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960005434 oxybutynin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000003583 retinal pigment epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960004791 tropicamide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 3
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940124638 COX inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 102000012422 Collagen Type I Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010022452 Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100025471 Epiphycan Human genes 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100031181 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 3
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012083 RIPA buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000286063 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ACPOUJIDANTYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)=C2C3=NNC2=C1 ACPOUJIDANTYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037359 autosomal dominant myopia 3 Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002442 collagenase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000695 crystalline len Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001680 ibuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003149 muscarinic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940094443 oxytocics prostaglandins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirenzepine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 RMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004633 pirenzepine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004515 progressive myopia Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N scopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108700024526 zebrafish sox32 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N (R)-alpha-Tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 *c1ccc(C(C2)*2c2ccc(*C3(CC3)N)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound *c1ccc(C(C2)*2c2ccc(*C3(CC3)N)cc2)cc1 0.000 description 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTNZGHXUZDHMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2C(C)C(C(O)C3C(C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C3N(C)C)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O PTNZGHXUZDHMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000016284 Aggrecans Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010067219 Aggrecans Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010039627 Aprotinin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004954 Biglycan Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001138 Biglycan Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000606161 Chlamydia Species 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000003098 Ganglion Cysts Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010019799 Hepatitis viral Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101001056751 Homo sapiens Epiphycan Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000645296 Homo sapiens Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150007959 Lum gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100030412 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010015302 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100026262 Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WJAJPNHVVFWKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C(C(O)C(C)N)=C1 WJAJPNHVVFWKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010038848 Retinal detachment Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000287055 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000005400 Synovial Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002924 anti-infective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004405 aprotinin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940121657 clinical drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N digoxine Natural products C1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C(C)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3CC4C(C5C(C6(CCC(C6(C)C(O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)CC2O)C)CC1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004082 doxycycline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003255 drug test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012224 gene deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003475 metalloproteinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005192 methoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N mevastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=CCC[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950009116 mevastatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mevastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C21 BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GBROPGWFBFCKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N picene Chemical compound C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=C2 GBROPGWFBFCKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002702 piroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000270 postfertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004264 retinal detachment Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003595 thromboxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000001862 viral hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-carboline Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl)azanium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl.SCC(N)C(O)=O QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQQOAWVKVDAJOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-dodecanoyloxy-3-hydroxypropyl) dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC OQQOAWVKVDAJOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGGPCQERPFHOB-RDBSUJKOSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s,3r)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VGGGPCQERPFHOB-RDBSUJKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFCWIPGKPUJTDP-CFVMTHIKSA-N (2s,3r)-n-hydroxy-2-methyl-n'-[(1s)-2-(methylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)butanediamide Chemical compound ONC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 OFCWIPGKPUJTDP-CFVMTHIKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCCHQGIGHCRZOS-KBKZQPOHSA-N (4as,5as,6s,12ar)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@@](C)(O)[C@@H](C[C@@H]3[C@](C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C3)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O XCCHQGIGHCRZOS-KBKZQPOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNIADBXQDMCFEN-IWVLMIASSA-N (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12ar)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylidene-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=C1C2=C(Cl)C=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C2[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H]1[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]1(O)C2=O RNIADBXQDMCFEN-IWVLMIASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHHHTIKWXBRCLT-VDBOFHIQSA-N (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,6r,12ar)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide;ethanol;hydrate;dihydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl.Cl.CCO.C1=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@](C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@H]3N(C)C)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O.C1=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@](C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@H]3N(C)C)(O)C3=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O UHHHTIKWXBRCLT-VDBOFHIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOVUOXKZCCAWOJ-HJYUBDRYSA-N (4s,4as,5ar,12ar)-9-[[2-(tert-butylamino)acetyl]amino]-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C2=C(N(C)C)C=C(NC(=O)CNC(C)(C)C)C(O)=C2C(O)=C2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]1(O)C2=O SOVUOXKZCCAWOJ-HJYUBDRYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006708 (C5-C14) heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O (R)-carnitinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzodioxole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLVKUJLLENZMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]pyrazole Chemical class N1N=CC2=C1C=CN2 CLVKUJLLENZMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBPKYPYHDKKRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine, 2-[3-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl]- Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C2=C(C=NN2)C=2N=C3C=CC=NC3=CC=2)=N1 LBPKYPYHDKKRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-isochromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COC=CC2=C1 MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAQTWLBJPNLKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-perimidine Chemical compound N1C=NC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C32 AAQTWLBJPNLKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODMMNALOCMNQJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CN21 ODMMNALOCMNQJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 2,3-bis[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KWVJHCQQUFDPLU-YEUCEMRASA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl-trimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC KWVJHCQQUFDPLU-YEUCEMRASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003660 2,3-dimethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003764 2,4-dimethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CITHEXJVPOWHKC-UUWRZZSWSA-O 2-[[(2r)-2,3-di(tetradecanoyloxy)propoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC CITHEXJVPOWHKC-UUWRZZSWSA-O 0.000 description 1
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- 125000003229 2-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QULIOZDJZXKLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-propylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCC1=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C1C(O)=O QULIOZDJZXKLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPRKYKMVQPYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one Chemical compound OC1=CC=COC1=O LIPRKYKMVQPYPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004337 3-ethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003469 3-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005917 3-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSNVSQTEGHUKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-benzenesulfonylmethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=CC=1S(=O)(=O)CC1(C(=O)NO)CCOCC1 ROSNVSQTEGHUKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-quinolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2CC=CC=C21 GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010470 Ageusia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033312 Alpha-2-macroglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008873 Angiotensin II receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000824 Angiotensin II receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020000948 Antisense Oligonucleotides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000645291 Bos taurus Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000001313 C5-C10 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XSLLCSSQHGLVOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C1)C[n](c(CC(N=O)=O)c2C(C=C3)=[IH]=C3[IH]I)c1c2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C1)C[n](c(CC(N=O)=O)c2C(C=C3)=[IH]=C3[IH]I)c1c2-c1ccccc1 XSLLCSSQHGLVOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VORSMCHHJRVORT-UHFFFAOYSA-O CC(C)[NH+](C(CC1)C2)C1CC2OC(C(CO)c1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound CC(C)[NH+](C(CC1)C2)C1CC2OC(C(CO)c1ccccc1)=O VORSMCHHJRVORT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 101100221122 Caenorhabditis elegans cmt-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000565 Capsid Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001478806 Closterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108060005980 Collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000029816 Collagenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940122097 Collagenase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000006069 Corneal Opacity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028399 Critical Illness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000186427 Cutibacterium acnes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010057648 Cyclopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001219085 Cyclopia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N Digoxin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](C)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@]5(O)[C@](C)([C@H](O)C4)[C@H](C4=CC(=O)OC4)CC5)CC3)CC2)C[C@@H]1O)[C@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H](O)C1 LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZDFHIJNHHMENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl dicarbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(=O)OC GZDFHIJNHHMENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091013881 Epiphycan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124602 FDA-approved drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 101150066718 FMOD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010013996 Fibromodulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000017177 Fibromodulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010026132 Gelatinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013382 Gelatinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000011714 Glycine Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076533 Glycine Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008892 Helianthus tuberosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003230 Helianthus tuberosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020675 Hypermetropia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091026898 Leader sequence (mRNA) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leupeptin Natural products CC(C)CC(NC(C)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lorazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)C(O)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010076557 Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030216 Matrix metalloproteinase-14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026261 Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monacolin X Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017912 NH2OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nabumetone Chemical compound C1=C(CCC(C)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000022873 Ocular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004100 Oxytetracycline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000031649 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010015078 Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001396014 Priacanthus arenatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- CWEZAWNPTYBADX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Procyanidin Natural products OC1C(OC2C(O)C(Oc3c2c(O)cc(O)c3C4C(O)C(Oc5cc(O)cc(O)c45)c6ccc(O)c(O)c6)c7ccc(O)c(O)c7)c8c(O)cc(O)cc8OC1c9ccc(O)c(O)c9 CWEZAWNPTYBADX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186429 Propionibacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010039897 Sedation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010041349 Somnolence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SSZBUIDZHHWXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearinsaeure-hexadecylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SSZBUIDZHHWXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010031429 Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001742 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040002 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013127 Vimentin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065472 Vimentin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010047513 Vision blurred Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032344 X-linked myopia 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDPAVWAQGBGGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aceanthrylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(C=CC3=CC=C4)=C3C4=CC2=C1 JDPAVWAQGBGGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008351 acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012345 acetylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGSKVZWGBWPBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N aebsf Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(S(F)(=O)=O)C=C1 MGSKVZWGBWPBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019666 ageusia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019552 anatomical structure morphogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940031955 anhydrous lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003591 anti-choleraic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003367 anti-collagen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001139 anti-pruritic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940034982 antineoplastic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003908 antipruritic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004596 appetite loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012865 aseptic processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003212 astringent agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002962 chemical mutagen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005827 chlorofluoro hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001136 chorion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C[CH]OC2=C1 QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007979 citrate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940096422 collagen type i Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002424 collagenase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012059 conventional drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004453 corneal transparency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001767 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001305 cysteine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGWHQCVHVJXOKC-SHYZEUOFSA-J dCTP(4-) Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)C1 RGWHQCVHVJXOKC-SHYZEUOFSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004340 degenerative myopia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001309 degenerative myopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124447 delivery agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009976 deoxycholate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007933 dermal patch Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001987 diarylethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N digoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)[C@H](O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005156 digoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al](O)O UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BPHQZTVXXXJVHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC BPHQZTVXXXJVHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003724 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005160 dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWRBNPKJOOWZPW-CLFAGFIQSA-N dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(=O)OCCN)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC MWRBNPKJOOWZPW-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfiram Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPHQZTVXXXJVHI-AJQTZOPKSA-N ditetradecanoyl phosphatidylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H](O)CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC BPHQZTVXXXJVHI-AJQTZOPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009109 downstream regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007878 drug screening assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010013781 dry mouth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010030074 endodeoxyribonuclease MluI Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010048367 enhanced green fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005081 epithelial layer Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCOCCOCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 208000030533 eye disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007045 gastrulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001476 gene delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000027096 gram-negative bacterial infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108060003552 hemocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 210000004276 hyalin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001145 hydrido group Chemical class *[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000006318 hyperopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004305 hyperopia Effects 0.000 description 1
- NITYDPDXAAFEIT-DYVFJYSZSA-N ilomastat Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)CC(=O)NO)=CNC2=C1 NITYDPDXAAFEIT-DYVFJYSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003696 ilomastat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003125 immunofluorescent labeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005462 in vivo assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004353 induced myopia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940102223 injectable solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940102213 injectable suspension Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCC2=C1 GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010011519 keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001909 leucine group Chemical group [H]N(*)C(C(*)=O)C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N leupeptin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010052968 leupeptin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019017 loss of appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000021266 loss of appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004844 lovastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N lovastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lovastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C21 QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNJDBYZZKAZQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lucigenin Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.C12=CC=CC=C2[N+](C)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=[N+](C)C2=CC=CC=C12 KNJDBYZZKAZQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AHEVKYYGXVEWNO-UEPZRUIBSA-N lymecycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(=O)NCNCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O AHEVKYYGXVEWNO-UEPZRUIBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004196 lymecycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000002780 macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001515942 marmosets Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940121386 matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003771 matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000826 meclocycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003061 melanogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000897 modulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009456 molecular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoelaidin Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003562 morphometric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013425 morphometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004423 myopia development Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVPPTWCRAFCOFJ-RTBURBONSA-N n-[(1s)-1-[(4s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2-[4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl]sulfonylethyl]-n-hydroxyformamide Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](N(O)C=O)CS(=O)(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 IVPPTWCRAFCOFJ-RTBURBONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIHFBHZWJNGWRC-INIZCTEOSA-N n-[(2s)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-3-[4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]phenoxy]propan-2-yl]-n-hydroxyformamide Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C)NC(=O)N1C[C@H](N(O)C=O)COC1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=2)C=C1 IIHFBHZWJNGWRC-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXNWNNKHEJMQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxy-4-(4-phenylsulfanylphenyl)sulfonyl-1-prop-2-ynylpiperidine-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(SC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1(C(=O)NO)CCN(CC#C)CC1 WXNWNNKHEJMQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004270 nabumetone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVPVGJFDFSJUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N octalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C2C=CC=CC=CC2=C1 OVPVGJFDFSJUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTFQBTLMPISHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octaphene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C=C3C4=CC5=CC6=CC7=CC=CC=C7C=C6C=C5C=C4C=CC3=C3)C3=CC2=C1 WTFQBTLMPISHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005305 organ development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002138 osteoinductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSQODMMMSXHVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ovalene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3C5=C6C(C=C3)=CC=C3C6=C6C(C=C3)=C3)C4=C5C6=C2C3=C1 LSQODMMMSXHVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000625 oxytetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N oxytetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019366 oxytetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUVXZFRDPCKWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentalene Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 GUVXZFRDPCKWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002616 peptidyl amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001151 peptidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940097158 periostat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008251 pharmaceutical emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenalene Chemical compound C1=CC([CH]C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096701 plain lipid modifying drug hmg coa reductase inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002264 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002414 procyanidin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940055019 propionibacterium acne Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YIBNHAJFJUQSRA-YNNPMVKQSA-N prostaglandin H2 Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2OO[C@H]1[C@H](/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCCC)[C@H]2C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YIBNHAJFJUQSRA-YNNPMVKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000751 protein extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyranthrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC3=C(C=CC=C4)C4=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000014733 refractive error Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003068 rheumatic fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000672 rosuvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N rosuvastatin Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubicene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC3=C2C1=C1C=CC=C2C4=CC=CC=C4C3=C21 FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001423 scleral cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004499 scopolamine hydrobromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTGQALLALWYDJH-MOUKNHLCSA-N scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) Chemical compound Br.C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 WTGQALLALWYDJH-MOUKNHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007423 screening assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036280 sedation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003607 serino group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100996 sodium bisulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000006379 syphilis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072172 tetracycline antibiotic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960004089 tigecycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000030968 tissue homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009026 tissue transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003937 tolonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tolonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014621 translational initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008189 vertebrate development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005048 vimentin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008307 w/o/w-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005332 zileuton Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWLSOWXNZPKENC-SSDOTTSWSA-N zileuton Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC([C@H](N(O)C(N)=O)C)=CC2=C1 MWLSOWXNZPKENC-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/05—Phenols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/138—Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/164—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids of a carboxylic acid with an aminoalcohol, e.g. ceramides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/18—Sulfonamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/351—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with another ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
- A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/357—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having two or more oxygen atoms in the same ring, e.g. crown ethers, guanadrel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/381—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/401—Proline; Derivatives thereof, e.g. captopril
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/4045—Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
- A61K31/416—1,2-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. indazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4166—1,3-Diazoles having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. phenytoin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/541—Non-condensed thiazines containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/5415—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/65—Tetracyclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/10—Ophthalmic agents for accommodation disorders, e.g. myopia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C259/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C259/04—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明关于一种以斑马鱼筛选治疗及/或预防近视及锥状角膜疾病的候选药物的平台。本发明主要以光蛋白聚糖、数种SLRP之一为基础,其在原纤维生成或影响斑马鱼眼球尺寸的基因的调控上扮演重要角色,另外,亦于临床近视上扮演重要角色。据此,本发明采用所建立的斑马鱼模型,进一步鉴定影响光蛋白聚糖及胶原蛋白原纤维生成的表现的药物、及/或影响眼球尺寸的调控的药物。该等药物是治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的具潜力的候选药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明主张公元2012年5月21日申请的美国临时专利申请案US 61/649,611的优先权。
本发明关于一种以斑马鱼作为模型的药物筛选的方法。尤其是,本发明关于一种鉴定可影响光蛋白聚糖(Lumican)的表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成(fibrillogenesis)并可用于治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病的候选化合物的方法,及据此鉴定出的候选化合物。更进一步而言,该方法鉴定出用以治疗及/或预防近视及/或锥状角膜(keratoconus)疾病的药物。
背景技术
近视为全球最常见的眼睛疾患。在西方国家,近视盛行率约为16%~27%,而亚洲国家则可能更高。举例而言,新加坡华人的近视盛行率为82%。当屈光不正(refractive error)等于或小于-6屈光度(D)时,定义为高度近视;由于其潜在并发症(包含白内障、青光眼、黄斑部病变、及视网膜剥离)可能导致失明,故又称为“病理性近视”。遗传因子及环境因子均可能造成近视。已有评估显示,约一半或更多人所罹患的近视为轴性近视,由眼球延视轴拉长所造成。出生时,人类眼球尺寸约为成人眼球的三分之二,于轴向上相对较短;因此可推论,年幼孩童应倾向远视。对于孩童时期的眼睛成长,会发生角膜及水晶体的视力特性的补充性精细调整而增加眼球长度。上述全部过程通常会实际上完美无缺的发生,且眼睛可成为正视(emmetropic)。然而,当此种精细调整过程失败时,通常会产生拉长的眼球,结果就是较远的景象会具焦在视网膜平面之前,而造成轴性近视。于临床试验中,只有抗胆碱药物(anti-cholinergic drugs,例如阿托品(atropine))可用于控制近视的进程。然而,长期使用阿托品控制近视的进程会导致副作用,如视线模糊、便秘、出汗减少、入睡困难、昏眩、困倦、口鼻或皮肤干燥、头痛、食欲不振、丧失味觉、噁心、或神经质。因此,发展能控制、预防及/或治疗近视的替代药物仍有需求。
巩膜薄化,特别是在后极(posterior pole)处,是人类高度近视发展的重要特征。于灵长类中,巩膜为纤维状胞外基质(ECM),由胶原蛋白(主要为第I型胶原蛋白)、弹性蛋白、蛋白聚糖及其它成分所组成,其排列于由巩膜纤维母细胞所产生的瓣膜中(参考文献:Alex Gentle etal.,The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,Vol.278,No.19,pp.16587-16594)。巩膜重塑关于众多基因产物(例如胶原蛋白、蛋白聚糖、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)、及金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂(TIMPs))的调控作用,包含较小直径胶原蛋白纤丝(fibrils)、减少的糖胺聚多糖(GAG)成分、减少的核心蛋白聚糖合成、及增加的MMP-2。亦已发现,对于包含胶原蛋白I、MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-3、及TGF-β的某些蛋白质在mRNA阶段的选择性改变,显示了视网膜衍生的信号调控巩膜基因表现以重塑该巩膜组织,并调控巩膜潜变率(参考文献:John T.Siegwart Jr and Thomas T.Norton,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2002July;43(7):2067-2075)。巩膜重塑涵盖于近视进程中,且该等生化改变确实为巩膜生物机转性能的改变的前驱者,且最终与近视发生有关。成年人类的巩膜包含三种主要的蛋白聚糖:聚集蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)、双糖聚糖(biglycan)、及核心蛋白聚糖(decorin),建构巩膜的结构性能。该等蛋白聚糖的比例随巩膜条件而改变。核心蛋白聚糖及双糖聚糖属于小型富含白氨酸的蛋白聚糖(SLRPs)类,其亦包含光蛋白聚糖、DSPG-3(硫酸皮肤素蛋白多糖-3,PG-L骺蛋白聚糖)、纤调蛋白、PRELP(富含脯氨酸-精氨酸及富含白氨酸重复的蛋白质)、角膜蛋白、软骨蛋白、及骨诱导因子(osteoglycin)。核心蛋白聚糖、双糖聚糖、光蛋白聚糖、及纤调蛋白结合至第一型胶原蛋白,并影响矩阵(influence matrix)式装配及组织化。动物实验显示该蛋白多糖合成速率显著地影响眼球生长及近视发生。于绒猴巩膜中,核心蛋白聚糖的合成速率与玻璃体室伸长率呈负相关。双糖聚糖及光蛋白聚糖于巩膜中的mRNA表现量,会在实验诱导性近视期间降低,并于复原期间增加。光蛋白聚糖,为小型富含白氨酸的蛋白聚糖家族的一员,其为角膜基质、大动脉、皮肤、骨骼肌、肺脏、肾脏、骨骼、软骨及椎间盘等之间质胶原蛋白基质中的主要胞外成分之一。
于角膜组织中,光蛋白聚糖包含硫酸角质素链,以一蛋白多糖而存在;而于非角膜组织中,光蛋白聚糖以低或非硫酸化的糖蛋白(50-57kDa)存在。此种广泛分布的光蛋白聚糖暗示了其具有复数功能,关于组织型态及维持组织动态平衡。于剔除光蛋白聚糖的小鼠中可观察到多种临床表现而良好地证实此点,该小鼠展现角膜混浊、皮肤及肌腱脆弱、伤口延迟愈合、及低繁殖力。确实,已显示光蛋白聚糖在角膜透明性上扮演必要角色,通过调控胶原蛋白原纤维生成;在伤口愈合上则通过调控上皮细胞移动;及在受伤水晶体的上皮-间叶组织转变。光蛋白聚糖缺陷的小鼠及Lum(-/-)Fmod(-/-)小鼠显示胶原蛋白纤维直径改变及高度近视的特征,表示该等蛋白聚糖在巩膜的生物机转特性上扮演重要角色。另外,高度近视的相关研究鉴定出潜在基因座MYP1 Xq28)及MYP3(12q21-23),座落于接近或包含数个SLRP基因(包含双糖聚糖(Xq27ter)、核心蛋白聚糖(12q21-22)、光蛋白聚糖(12q21.3-22)及DSPG3(12q21))。MYP3亦为英国的25%家族性自体显性高度近视负责。因此,找出与近视发生相关的候选基因MYP3,包含核心蛋白聚糖、光蛋白聚糖、及DSPG3受到极高关注。近来,于SLRP基因中的14个新颖突变已展现与高度近视相关;例如,c.893-105G>A于LUM基因中可能具有保护作用、或与一保护性对偶基因具有连锁性失衡。
斑马鱼为受欢迎的脊椎动物模型,用以研究生物学及发生学的分子遗传学。在实验室中,易于管理大量斑马鱼(成鱼为3–4cm长)。结合胚胎学及遗传方法学能够将斑马鱼建构成极为有力的研究工具。透明胚胎能够进行基础脊椎动物发展过程,由原肠胚形成至器官发生。另外,可清楚并容易地观察其胚胎的眼睛、心跳及血液循环。接触、视觉及行为反应亦可于解剖显微镜下监视。多种特征,如3-4个月的短世代时间,使斑马鱼特别适用于遗传研究。大多数先前研究,以化学突变剂ENU产生的多种眼睛突变,报导了缩小的眼睛尺寸、未组织化的视网膜、独眼畸形、缩减的神经节细胞层、及光受器减少。Lung-Kun Yeh已单离出并确认该斑马鱼角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖基因,并发现于斑马鱼发展时期剔除光蛋白聚糖后,眼球尺寸增加,其与儿童近视的临床发现可兼容且有关连性。于儿童近视中,具有孩童眼球轴性延长的类似发现,其在人类光蛋白聚糖基因启动子处具有SNP的改变。斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖启动子降低的活性被认为与此种SNP相关。曾提出,身为富含白氨酸的小型胜肽之一的光蛋白聚糖,于调控原纤维生成及眼睛发育上扮演重要角色,其可能影响眼球尺寸(参考文献:Lung-Kun Yeh et al.,Journal ofBiological Chemistry,2010,Vol.285,No.36,pp.28141-28155)。该文献亦暗示,通过反义zlum吗啉寡聚核苷酸对于zlum表现的下游调控,证实眼部伸长所致轴性近视肇因于巩膜中的胶原蛋白纤维排列被破坏,导致巩膜薄化;以及,于斑马鱼幼鱼体内分析显示,投予蕈碱类受体拮抗剂(例如,阿托品及派伦西平(pirenzepine))可有效减缓由吗啉寡聚核苷酸造成的眼部拉长。因此,该文献建议斑马鱼可用作筛选近视治疗化合物的体内分析模型。
然而,仍有需要进一步探讨斑马鱼模型于实际近视药物筛选、以及找出用于控制、预防及/或治疗近视的有效药物的应用。
发明内容
本发明提供以具有大眼(big eye)的斑马鱼鉴定出候选化合物的方法,该候选化合物可用于影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病;该方法包括将一待测化合物与该具有大眼的斑马鱼接触,以及,若斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
本发明亦提供以光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因剔除的斑马鱼鉴定出候选化合物的方法,该候选化合物可用于影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病;该方法系包括将一待测化合物与光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因剔除的斑马鱼接触,测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
附图说明
本发明包含至少一彩图。
图1描述本发明的zLum-基因抑制的鱼于3-7dpf的一系列表型改变。伴随眼睛发育,zLum KD的鱼逐步形成巩膜拉长。于第5天,可经由显微镜清楚观察到视网膜剥离。
图2描述光蛋白聚糖基因抑制对于眼睛尺寸的效果。5a.巩膜宽度的型态测量以红线表示,而RPE宽度以白线表示。5b.比较光蛋白聚糖吗啉突变体与野生型在RPE宽度/巩膜宽度的比例,结果显示,因巩膜扩张的光蛋白聚糖基因抑制导致轴性延长。
图3描述zLum-MO基因抑制可诱导角膜基质(CS)、前巩膜(AS)、及后巩膜(PS)的超微结构改变。(A)于12dpf阶段的野生型斑马鱼的甲苯胺蓝染色。该图指示角膜基质(CS)、前巩膜(AS)、及后巩膜(PS)。(B)该12dpf龄的野生型WT及zLum-MO-注射型群组,其角膜基质、前与后巩膜中的胶原蛋白纤维直径的分析。于zLum-MO组中,角膜基质及前巩膜的胶原蛋白纤维直径为显著增加;而后巩膜的胶原蛋白纤维直径于两组中并无显著区别。于12dpf阶段,于角膜基质(C-D)、前巩膜组织(E-F)、及后巩膜组织(G-H)与对照组(C、E、G)及zLum-MO-注射组(D、E、F)间(C-H)胶原蛋白纤维结构的表型比较。(C)TEM显微照相,显示野生型组中,规则且较小的角膜基质内的胶原蛋白纤维结构。(D)zLum-MO-注射组的角膜基质,可发现胶原蛋白纤维直径增加且不规则排列。(E)TEM显微照相,显示野生型组中,前巩膜内的胶原蛋白呈相对规则的纤维结构。(F)zLum-MO-注射组的前巩膜,胶原蛋白纤丝不规则且纤维直径增加。(G)相邻视网膜的顶部,TEM显微照相显示于野生型组中,座落于后巩膜的胶原蛋白的纤维结构。(H)相邻视网膜的顶部,TEM显微照相显示于zLum-MO-注射组中,后巩膜中不规则的胶原蛋白纤维结构。(C-H)的比例尺为100nm。
图4为zLum-MO组的巩膜薄化的超微结构改变。(A)顶部为相邻视网膜;于7dpf阶段的野生型斑马鱼的后巩膜中,可发现两到三层的巩膜纤维母细胞的细胞,其具有胶原蛋白纤维形成于层间。(B),顶部为相邻视网膜;于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的后巩膜中,仅发现仅一至两层的纤维母细胞的细胞。(C)可明显观察到于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的巩膜薄化。于12dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼中,该表现型会更为显著。尤其是,与野生型相较,可观察到zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼于7及12dpf阶段的后巩膜的巩膜薄化明显。(A)及(B)中比例尺为1.5um。
图5描述受精后2~4日的44个斑马鱼胚胎的zLum表现。以全胚原位杂交法,zLum mRNA自3dpf起,系专一性表现于斑马鱼的巩膜中。
图6描述西方墨点法及mRNA复原分析。(a)于西方墨点法分析,于光蛋白聚糖吗啉突变体中的光蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白1a1、TGF-β、及TIMP2降低。反之,MMP2表现增加。(b)以光蛋白聚糖及胶原蛋白1a1的mRNA可复原异常大眼。然而,异常大眼亦可由ppih、hsp 47、及rx1的mRNA复原,其分别关于胶原蛋白纤维形成及眼睛发育。
图7描述一种斑马鱼药物筛选分析。(A-B)说明并定义斑马鱼中的视网膜色素上皮层的外缘(RPE(红色))及巩膜直径(D(绿色))。(C)于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的过度轴伸长,于0.5%阿托品(A)及0.25%派伦西平(P)处理后,显著降低;而以0.01%美索屈明(M)处理后则无明显改变(行1:WT、行2:MO+0.5%A、行3:MO+0.25%P、行4:MO+0.01%M、行5:MO)。以0.5%阿托品及0.25%派伦西平处理后,于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的巩膜直径显著降低,而以0.01%美索屈明处理的zLum-MO-注射组则无明显改变(行6:WT、行7:MO+0.5%A、行8:MO+0.25%P、行9:MO+0.01%M、行10:MO)。(D)因zLum蛋白质减少所致的眼部拉长期间,RPE/巩膜的比例(%)明显降低。一些蕈碱受体拮抗剂(阿托品及派伦西平)可弱化因zLum蛋白质减少所致的该RPE/巩膜的降低的比例,而美索屈明处理组的RPE/巩膜的降低比例则无明显改变(行1:WT、行2:MO+0.5%A、行3:MO+0.25%P、行4:MO+0.01%M、行5:MO)。
图8描述(A)于7dpf阶段的野生型斑马鱼的正常表现型、(B)于7dpf阶段的RS-MO-注射的胚胎的正常表现型、(C)于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的明显拉长的眼球、(D)以0.5%阿托品处理2天后,于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射的幼鱼的眼部拉长系明显减少、(E)以0.25%派伦西平处理2天后,于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射的幼鱼的眼部拉长系明显减少、及(F)以0.01%美索屈明处理后,于7dpf阶段的zLum-MO-注射型斑马鱼的表现型无明显改变。
图9描述阿托品可复原zLum基因抑制吗啉突变体。其可反转光蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白1a1、TGF-β、MMP2及TIMP2的表现,其于光蛋白聚糖吗啉突变体中表现降低。
图10描述以马立马司他(marimastat)、多西环素、卡特普、美诺四环素氯化氢、阿托品、阿司匹林、异丙酚及N-乙酰半胱氨酸处理的斑马鱼的大眼率。
图11描述以四环霉素(第11(a)图)、美诺四环素(图11(b))、多西环素(图11(c))、马立马司他(图11(d))、及巴马司他(图11(e))处理的斑马鱼的大眼率。
具体实施方式
本发明描述一种使用斑马鱼的平台,用于筛选治疗及/或预防近视及锥状角膜疾病的候选药物。本发明发现,光蛋白聚糖(SLRPs的一员)于调控原纤维生成及影响斑马鱼眼球尺寸的基因上扮演重要角色,另外亦于临床近视上扮演重要角色。因此,本发明使用已建立的斑马鱼模型进一步鉴定出影响光蛋白聚糖表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及调控眼球尺寸的药物。该等药物为具有治疗近视及锥状角膜疾病的潜力的候选药物,包括但不限于,金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂、TGF-β抑制剂、抗胆碱或蕈碱化合物、及COX抑制剂。
于本说明书及申请专利范围中,除非另有指示,否则单数形式的冠词“一”、“一种”及“该”包含其复数型态。例如,术语“一细胞”包含一群细胞,或其混合物。
如此处所用,“表现”指一聚核苷酸转录成mRNA的过程,及/或该聚核苷酸转录成mRNA(亦称为“转录产物”)后接着转译成胜肽、多肽或蛋白质的程序。
“对照组”为实验中用于比较的一替代主体或样本。
术语“待测化合物”及“候选化合物”意指任何化学品、药学品、药物等,其为一候选药物,用以达成此处所述的用途,例如增加光蛋白聚糖表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及/或治疗或预防近视及/或锥状角膜疾病。待测化合物包括已知化合物及具有疗效的潜力的化合物。经由本发明的方法可决定一待测化合物是否具有疗效。
术语“大眼(big eye)”意指眼部的视网膜色素上皮层轴长除以巩膜轴长的值少于0.7。
术语“治疗”意指延缓疾患发展及/或减轻预期会产生的症状的严重程度。该术语进一步包含改善已存在的症状或预防症状。
术语“治疗有效量”意指一药物或药剂的量,其可以引发一组织系统、动物或人类的生物性或药学性反应,该反应可被研究者或临床医师察觉,该反应系对至少具统计上显著性的部分的病患造成有益效果,如改善症状、痊愈、减少疾病负担。
术语“对象(subject)”意图包含活的有机体,其对一般所知的条件或疾病、疾病状态或条件为敏感性,但非限于本说明书所列示。对象的实例包含人类、狗、猫、牛、羊及小鼠。该术语对象进一步包含转基因体。
此处所述的术语“烷基”意指一饱和直链或支链非环状的烃,具有所示的碳原子数目(如C1-C20、C1-C10、C1-C8、C1-C6、C1-C4等)。代表性饱和直链烷基包含-甲基、-乙基、-正丙基、-正丁基、-正戊基、-正己基、-正庚基、-正辛基、-正壬基及-正癸基;而代表性饱和支链烷基包含-异丙基、-第二丁基、-异丁基、-第三丁基、-异戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,4-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基己基、3,3-二甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基己基、4,4-二甲基己基、2-乙基戊基、3-乙基戊基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、2-甲基-2-乙基戊基、2-甲基-3-乙基戊基、2-甲基-4-乙基戊基、2-甲基-2-乙基己基、2-甲基-3-乙基己基、2-甲基-4-乙基己基、2,2-二乙基戊基、3,3-二乙基己基、2,2-二乙基己基、3,3-二乙基己基等。
此处所述的术语“烯基”本身或作为其它取代基的部分,意指一不饱和支链、直链、或环状的烷基,具有至少一个碳-碳双键,由亲代烷的单个碳原子上移除一个氢原子所衍生。此群依双键型式可为顺式或反式构形。典型烯基包含,但非限于,乙烯基;丙烯基如1-丙烯-1-基、1-丙烯-2-基、2-丙烯-1-基、2-丙烯-2-基、1-环丙烯-1-基、2-环丙烯-1-基;丁烯基如1-丁烯-1-基、1-丁烯-2-基、2-甲基-1-丙烯-1-基、2-丁烯-1-基、2-丁烯-2-基、1,3-丁二烯-1-基、1,3-丁二烯-2-基、1-环丁烯-1-基、1-环丁烯-3-基、1,3-环丁二烯-1-基等。于较佳实施例中,该烯基为(C2-C6)烯基。
此处所述的术语“炔基”本身或作为其它取代基的部分,意指一不饱和支链、直链、或环状的烷基,具有至少一个碳-碳三键,由亲代烷的单个碳原子上移除氢原子所衍生。典型炔基包含,但非限于,乙炔基;丙炔基如1-丙炔-1-基、2-丙炔-1-基等;丁炔基如1-丁炔-1-基、1-丁炔-3-基、3-丁炔-1-基等。于一较佳实施例中,该炔基为(C2-C6)炔基。
此处所述的术语“芳基”本身或作为其它取代基的部分,意指具有所示的碳原子数目(即C5-C15意指5至15个碳原子)的单价芳香烃基,由亲代芳香环系的单个碳原子上移除氢原子所衍生。典型芳基包含,但非限于,衍生自醋蒽烯、苊、醋菲烯、蒽、薁、苯、二苯并萘(chrysene)、晕苯、荧蒽、芴、稠六苯、己芬、己烯、不对称苯并二茚、对称苯并二茚、二氢茚、茚、萘、十八烯、八苯(octaphene)、艾氏剂(octalene)、卵苯、戊-2,4-二烯、骈苯、并环戊二烯、二苯并菲、苝、菲那烯、菲、苉、七曜烯、芘、吡蒽、玉红省(rubicene)、苯并菲、三萘等的基团,以及其不同的氢异构体。于一较佳实施例中,该芳基为(C5-C15)芳基,且以(C5-C10)为更佳。
此处所述的术语“杂芳基”本身或作为其它取代基的部分,意指具有所示数目的环原子的单价杂芳基(如:5-14元意指5至14个环原子),通过自亲代杂芳环系的单原子移除一氢原子所衍生。典型的杂芳基包含,但非限于,衍生自吖啶、苯并咪唑、苯并异噁唑、苯并噁唑、苯并二噁茂、苯并呋喃、苯并呱喃酮、苯并噻二唑、苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、苯并噁嗪、苯并噁唑、苯并噁唑啉、咔唑、β-咔啉、色原烷、色原烯、噌啉、呋喃、咪唑、吲唑、吲哚、吲哚啉、吲嗪、异苯并呋喃、异色原烯、异吲哚、异吲哚啉、异喹啉、异噻唑、异噁唑、萘啶、噁二唑、噁唑、呸啶、啡啶、菲罗啉、吩嗪、酞嗪、喋啶、嘌呤、呱喃、呱嗪、吡唑、嗒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、吡咯嗪、喹唑啉、喹啉、喹嗪、喹噁啉、四唑、噻二唑、噻唑、噻吩、三唑、呫吨等的基团,以及其不同的氢异构体。于一较佳实施例中,该杂芳基为一5-14元杂芳基,且以5-10元杂芳基为更佳。
于此处所用术语“医药上可接受的盐类及前药”意指该等羧酸盐类、酸加成盐类或碱加成盐类,及本发明的该等化合物的前药,于医学上足够的理由,其为适用于与病患组织接触,无不适当的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应等,具有合理的有益/风险比例,并对本发明化合物的预期应用有效。术语“盐类”意指本发明化合物的相对无毒性、无机与有机的酸加成盐类。可于该化合物最终分离及纯化期间于原位制备该等盐类;或将经纯化的化合物分开反应,以自由碱型式与一适当的有机或无机酸反应,再将所形成的盐类分离出而得。其可包含阳离子,以碱金族及碱土族金属为基础者,如钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等;及胺类阳离子,包含但不限于,铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、甲基胺、二甲基胺、三甲基胺、三乙基胺、乙基胺等(参见例如Berge S.M.,et al.,"Pharmaceutical Salts,"J.Pharm.Sci.,1977;66:1-19,以参考文献的方式并入本文)。
一方面,本发明提供以具有大眼的斑马鱼鉴定出候选化合物的方法,该候选化合物可用于影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病;该方法包括将一待测化合物与该具有大眼的斑马鱼接触,以及,若斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。于一实施例中,若相对于对照组的斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼的总数量,该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
另一方面,本发明提供以光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因剔除的斑马鱼鉴定出候选化合物的方法,该候选化合物可用于影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病;该方法包括将一待测化合物与光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因剔除的斑马鱼接触,测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。于一实施例中,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛的总数量、或对照组斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼的总数量,该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
于一实施例中,本发明提供一种鉴定候选化合物的方法,该候选化合物影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或眼球尺寸的调控,该方法包括:
(a)于复数斑马鱼的受精胚胎中,导入该光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的反义mRNA或该反义mRNA的类似物;
(b)将由步骤(a)所得斑马鱼暴露于一待测化合物下达足够长的时间,接着收集该斑马鱼;以及
(c)测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若该斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
优选地,步骤(a)的反义mRNA为光蛋白聚糖或角膜蛋白反义mRNA。优选佳地,步骤(b)的该基因抑制(knockdown)的斑马鱼于其视环形成期暴露于该待测化合物下。优选地,步骤(b)的斑马鱼于其角膜发育阶段被收集。优选地,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛总数量或对照组斑马鱼的大眼总数量,该斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可将步骤(c)的待测化合物定义为候选化合物。综上所述,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)于复数斑马鱼的受精胚胎中,导入该光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的反义mRNA或该反义mRNA的类似物;
(b)将由步骤(a)所得斑马鱼暴露于一待测化合物下达足够长的时间,接着收集该斑马鱼;以及
(c)测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛的总数量、或对照组斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼的总数量,该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
于另一实施例中,本发明提供一种鉴定治疗及/或预防近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的候选化合物的方法,包括:
(a)于复数斑马鱼的受精胚胎中,导入该光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的反义mRNA或该反义mRNA的类似物;
(b)将由步骤(a)所得斑马鱼暴露于一待测化合物下达足够长的时间,接着收集该斑马鱼;以及
(c)测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
优选地,步骤(a)的反义mRNA为光蛋白聚糖或角膜蛋白的反义mRNA。优选地,步骤(b)的该基因抑制的斑马鱼于其视环形成期暴露于该待测化合物下。优选地,该步骤(b)所得斑马鱼于其角膜发育阶段进行收集。优选地,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛的总数量、或对照组斑马鱼的大眼的总数量,该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义步骤(c)的该待测化合物为候选化合物。如上述,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)于复数斑马鱼的受精胚胎中,导入该光蛋白聚糖基因及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的反义mRNA或该反义mRNA的类似物;
(b)将由步骤(a)所得斑马鱼暴露于一待测化合物下达足够长的时间,接着收集该斑马鱼;以及
(c)测定该斑马鱼的大眼数量,以及,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛的总数量、或对照组斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼的总数量,该受测斑马鱼的大眼率降低,则可定义该待测化合物为候选化合物。
此处所述的筛选分析提供鉴定可影响光蛋白聚糖的表现、及胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及调控眼球尺寸、及治疗及/或预防近视及锥状角膜疾病的化合物的方法,利用降低光蛋白聚糖基因抑制的斑马鱼的拉长的眼球的比例作为可影响光蛋白聚糖的表现、及胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及治疗及/或预防近视及锥状角膜疾病的化合物的指示。
于此处所述分析法鉴定出的化合物,为候选化合物,其可用于(i)影响光蛋白聚糖的表现、及胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及调控眼球尺寸,及/或(ii)作为先导化合物,以建构可用于治疗及/或预防近视及锥状角膜疾病的相关化合物。
斑马鱼的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖基因
光蛋白聚糖为数种SLRP之一,于斑马鱼中调控原纤维生成或影响眼球尺寸的基因上扮演重要角色,另外,于临床近视上亦扮演重要角色。类似于人类及小鼠的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖基因,斑马鱼的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖基因具有SLRP的所有结构特征,即,一富含白氨酸重复片段的中心域(domain),两侧为具有保留性半光氨酸的N端域及C端域。斑马鱼的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖聚糖基因的尺寸及结构,与哺乳类的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖聚糖基因相似。有趣的是,斑马鱼的光蛋白聚糖及角膜蛋白基因两者可定位至相同基因组。另外,相似于哺乳类的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖聚糖基因,该斑马鱼的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖聚糖基因为少-TATA基因。又,于斑马鱼及哺乳类之间,于角膜表现的角膜蛋白及光蛋白聚糖聚糖的最显著差异为,于前者主要表现于角膜上皮层,而非基质层(角膜细胞)。其亦为研究发育生物学的具潜力领域。
基因抑制的斑马鱼
令人惊讶地,眼球尺寸增加(即,大眼)与斑马鱼发育期间的斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖、角膜蛋白及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的基因抑制有关,其临床表现近似于孩童近视的临床发现。于孩童近视的患者中,孩童的眼球轴性拉长系与人类光蛋白聚糖基因启动子的SNP改变相关。通过反义股或其类似物达成的基因抑制,以降低斑马鱼的光蛋白聚糖、角膜蛋白及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成相关基因的表现量,可模拟造成于患者中观察所得此SNP所致的轴性拉长的分子机制。依据本发明,将光蛋白聚糖的反义mRNA导入斑马鱼的受精胚胎中,以获得一光蛋白聚糖基因抑制的斑马鱼。于一实施例中,该光蛋白聚糖反义股为吗啉寡聚核苷酸(morpholino)。优选地,该吗啉寡聚核苷酸具有下列序列:5’-GATCCCAGAGCAAACATGGCTGCAC-3’。
将基因抑制的斑马鱼暴露于待测化合物下并收集所得斑马鱼
胚胎发育期间的外部发育及视觉清晰度使得早期发育程序的观察分析为可行,且高产率及世代时间短亦有利于基因分析。斑马鱼成鱼的眼睛为正视,且可传送可见光波长及紫外线波长,此由成鱼对紫外线波长的反应可证实。斑马鱼眼睛发育类似于其它鱼类及哺乳类的眼睛发育。于受精后(postfertilization,缩写hpf)约12小时由眼原基开始。至约24hpf时眼杯发育良好,及至约30hpf时,于腹侧鼻部(ventronasal)视网膜的小区域中发现神经节细胞。至约50hpf时,该视网膜层成为该视网膜的明显穿越部分。斑马鱼幼鱼为远视并于72hpf成为正视,此时亦为眼球外肌呈现成鱼化及光动反应明显的相同时期。
依据本发明,该基因抑制的斑马鱼于其视环形成阶段时,暴露于一待测化合物下。通常在受精后约24小时,斑马鱼的视环形成。该基因抑制的斑马鱼可于其视环形成阶段时,暴露于该待测化合物下。该基因抑制的斑马鱼与该待测化合物接触之后,待测化合物若为潜在候选化合物,则可开始活化光蛋白聚糖的表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成,从而降低眼球拉长现象,并可治疗及/或预防近视及/或锥状角膜疾病。视网膜水晶体约于受精后48小时发育,而巩膜及角膜约于受精后72小时发育。于巩膜及角膜发育阶段收集该斑马鱼。
测定大眼斑马鱼及鉴定候选化合物
斑马鱼大眼为近视的指标。如此处所采,“大眼”意指眼球轴长拉长的眼睛,及表示视网膜色素上皮层轴长除以巩膜轴长的值少于0.7。视网膜色素上皮层轴长及巩膜轴长可由本领域已知任何方式测量,如解剖显微镜。
若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛总数量或对照组斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼总数量而言,大眼率降低,则该待测化合物可被定义为影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成及/或调控眼球尺寸,及/或治疗及/或预防近视及/或锥状角膜疾病。优选地,若相对于该斑马鱼的眼睛总数量或对照组斑马鱼(未以该待测化合物处理)的大眼总数量而言,大眼数量的比例低于30%,则该待测化合物可被定义为候选化合物。优选地,该比例低于15%。更优选地,该比例降低至约0%至约30%、约0%至约25%、约0%至约20%、约0%至约15%、约0%至约10%、约1%至约30%、约1%至约25%、约1%至约20%、约1%至约15%。
再一方面,待测化合物的筛选通过鉴定出该待测化合物的群组中可降低斑马鱼大眼率至低于30%而完成。可降低该大眼率的待测化合物于此处亦称为“候选化合物”。
本发明的筛选方法亦可用于鉴定可降低该光蛋白聚糖基因抑制的斑马鱼的大眼率的化合物,例如:有机或无机小分子(分子量低于1,000Da)、寡胜肽、寡核苷酸、或碳水化合物。如此处所采,一“待测化合物”可为任何化学化合物,例如:大分子(如胜肽、蛋白质复合物、糖蛋白、或核酸)或小分子(如氨基酸、核苷酸、有机或无机化合物)。待测化合物可具有每摩尔低于约10,000克的化学式量、低于5,000克每摩尔、低于1,000克每摩尔、或低于500克每摩尔。该待测化合物可为天然发生(如药草或天然产物)、合成者、或可包含天然及合成成分两者。待测化合物的实例包含金属蛋白酶抑制剂、胶原蛋白酶抑制剂、TGF-β途径活化剂、TGF-β抑制剂及Cox抑制剂。
金属蛋白酶抑制剂应用于影响该光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法
于一实施例中,本发明提供一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的MMP抑制剂。
金属蛋白酶(MMPs)亦被认为于例如细胞增殖、移动(贴附/分散)、分化、血管生成、凋亡及宿主防御的细胞行为上扮演主要角色。金属蛋白酶的抑制剂为已知。实例包含天然生化物质,如金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂(TIMPs)、α2-巨球蛋白、及其类似物或衍生物。已报导过许多类胜肽较小化合物可抑制金属蛋白酶。含硫基的酰胺或以肽基酰胺为基础的金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂为已知,如下述参考文献所示,例如WO95/12389、WO96/11209及US 4,595,700。含异羟肟酸盐基的MMP抑制剂亦揭露于许多已公开的专利申请案中,如WO 95/29892、WO 97/24117、WO 97/49679及EP 0 780 386,其揭露碳骨架化合物,以及WO 90/05719、WO93/20047、WO 95/09841、及WO 96/06074,其揭露具有肽基骨架或拟肽物骨架的异羟肟酸盐。另外,亦已报导其它以嘧啶为基础的MMP抑制剂、以羟基吡喃酮为基础的MMP抑制剂、以磷为基础的MMP抑制剂、及以四环霉素为基础的MMP抑制剂(参考文献:Cancer Metastasis Rev.,2006,25:115-136)。
依据本发明的一实施例,该MMP抑制剂为一拟肽物异羟肟酸盐MMP抑制剂,具有下式(I)或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体:
其中,
Q不存在或
X为C1-10亚烷基、C2-10亚烯基或C2-10亚炔基,未经取代或经一个或多个OH取代、C1-10直链或支链烷基、C2-10直链或支链烯基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C1-10烯基C5-15芳基、C1-10炔基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基巯基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基亚磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷氧基或C5-15芳基;
Y为C1-10亚烷基、C2-10亚烯基或C2-10亚炔基,未经取代或经一个或多个OH取代、C1-10直链或支链烷基、C2-10直链或支链烯基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C1-10烯基C5-15芳基、C1-10炔基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基巯基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基亚磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷氧基、C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10烷基巯基C5-14杂芳基,惟当Q不存在时,Y为C5-14杂芳基;其中,该杂芳基视需要经取代且具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子;及
R1为H、OH、C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基。
优选地,当Q不存在时,Y为更优选地,当Q不存在时,Y为且R1为C5-15杂芳基;最佳地,当Q不存在时,Y为且R1为
优选地,当Q为时,X为–CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)-、或–CH2CH2、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH2-S-苯基)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(OCH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)-、或–CH2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(OH)-,或-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH2-S-噻吩基)-;Y为–CH(CH2-苯基)-、-CH(C(CH3)3)-或-CH(CH2-吲哚基)-;以及R1为CH3或苯基。
更优选地,该式(I)的化合物选自下列所成的组:
KB-R-7785、
GI-129471、
Salimostat、
伊洛马司他、
马立马司他、
巴马司他、及
CL-82198、或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
依据本发明的其它实施例,该MMP抑制剂为一种具有下式(II)的四环基底MMP抑制剂,或其互变异构体或医药上可接受的盐类、前药或溶剂化物:
其中,
R1及R6各自独立为H、C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10NR7R8;
R2为氢或OH;
R3及R4各自独立为H、OH、NH2、NO、CN、C1-10烷基、C1-10烯基或C1-10炔基;
R5为氢、卤素、NH2、OH、NO、CN、C1-10烷基、NHC1-10烷基、N(C1-10烷基)2、C5-15芳基或C5-14杂芳基;及
R7及R8各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷基NH2COOH或以该氮原子而各自接附以共同形成3至8元杂芳基;
其中,该杂芳基具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子。
优选地,R1为H;R6为H、-CH2-吡咯基、-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH;R2为H或氧基;R3为H或OH;R4为H或OH切R5为NH2、N(CH3)2或卤素。
更优选地,该式(II)的化合物选自下列所成的组:
盐酸美诺四环素、
四环霉素、
多西环素、
美它霉素、
氧基四环霉素、
氯基四环霉素、
去甲氯四环素、
甲氯环素、
吡甲四环霉素、
赖甲环素、及
老虎霉素,
或其互变异构体或医药上可接受的盐类、前药或溶剂化物。
依据本发明的其它实施例,该MMP抑制剂为一种具有下列式(III)的二芳基醚异羟肟酸盐,或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体:
其中,
R1为卤素、OH、NH2、OC1-10烷基,未经取代或经1-3个卤素取代、或NH2;
Q不存在或O;
X为O或S(O)2;
Y为CH2或NH;
Z为C5-14杂芳基,具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子或及
R2、R3及R4各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、或未经取代或经取代的C5-14杂芳基,其具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子;或R2及R4以碳原子而各自接附以共同形成一5元饱和杂环,其为未经取代或经CN或C1-10烷基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基取代。
优选地,当Q不存在时,R1为OC(卤素)3、X为O、Y为CH2、Z为且R2、R3及R4各自独立为H或或R2及R4以碳原子或氮原子而共同形成或
优选地,当Q为O时,R1为卤素或OC(卤素)3、X为S(O)2、及Z为
优选地,当Q为O时,R1为卤素或OC(卤素)3、X为S(O)2、Y为NH;Z为且R2、R3及R4各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、或
更优选地,该式(III)的化合物选自下列所成的组:
CP471474、
ABT-518、
ABT-770、
普利司他、
RS-130830、
CAS No.230954-09-3、
CAS NO.239796-97-5、及
SC-276、
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
依据本发明的又一实施例,该MMP抑制剂为具有下式的化合物:
金雀异黄酮、
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
更优选地,该MMP抑制剂为马立马司他、巴马司他、CL-82198、美诺四环素、四环霉素、或多西环素。
TGF-β抑制剂应用于影响该光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法
于其它实施例,本发明提供一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的TGF-β抑制剂。
转形生长因子-β(TGF-β)属于一多功能具胜肽因子的庞大超级家族。TGF-β于多种细胞类型中(包含上皮细胞)为生长休止的潜在诱导剂。此种活性为TGF-β讯息系统于癌症中作为肿瘤抑制剂的基础。其它活性,包含TGF-β-诱导的上皮-向-间叶分化作用,造成癌症进程。PCT专利申请案WO 02/0948332揭露一类二氢吡咯并吡唑化合物,有用于治疗与增强的TGF-β讯息活性或过量相关的疾病。US7,638,537及US 7,635,702揭露吡唑化合物及咪唑化合物作为TGF-讯息途径的潜在抑制剂。
依据本发明的一实施例,该TGF-β抑制剂选自下列所成的组:
SB-431542、
太莫西芬、SP600125、牛磺酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、卡特普、氯沙坦钾、异丙酚、辛伐他汀、及美伐他汀,
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
优选地,该TGF-β抑制剂为氯沙坦钾、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、异丙酚、及卡特普。
COX/LOX抑制剂应用于影响该光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法
于又一实施例中,本发明提供一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的COX/LOX抑制剂。
COX酵素将花生四烯酸转变为前列腺素内过氧化物PGH2,由此可形成其它前列腺素。多种药物可抑制该COX或LOX酵素的此种活性。
依据本发明,该COX/LOX抑制剂选自下列所成的组:
匹洛西卡、服他灵(代克菲纳)、吲哚美辛、伊布洛芬、利考非隆、阿司匹林、及
齐留通;
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
优选地,该COX/LOX抑制剂为阿司匹林。
抗胆碱&蕈碱系化合物应用于影响该光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成,及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法
于又一实施例中,本发明提供一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的抗胆碱或蕈碱化合物抑制剂。
依据本发明,该抗胆碱或蕈碱化合物选自下列所成的组:
阿托品、派伦西平、
托平卡胺、
奥昔布宁(塔沃尔)、
异丙托溴铵(爱全乐)、及
东莨菪碱,
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
优选地,该抗胆碱或蕈碱化合物为阿托品。
该候选化合物的例示性实施例如下表所列:
阿托品 | 抗胆碱 |
托平卡胺 | 抗胆碱 |
异丙托溴铵 | 抗胆碱 |
奥昔布宁 | 抗蕈碱 |
东莨菪碱溴化氢 | 抗蕈碱 |
派伦西平二氯化氢 | 抗蕈碱 |
牛磺酸 | 甘氨酸受体抑制剂 |
氯沙坦钾 | 血管收缩素-II受体抑制剂 |
优选实例包括,但不限于,下表所示:
任何上述化合物均可与一医药上可接受的载体组合以形成一剂型、组合物、组成、或制剂(该等术语可互通)。于此处所用,术语“医药上可接受的载体”意指一医药上可接受的材料、组合物、或传播媒介,如液体或固体填料、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包埋材料,关于携带或运送本发明的化合物于其中或至该对象物,而使该化合物可发挥其预期功能。典型地,该等化合物由一器官或身体的一部份被携带或运送至另一器官或身体另一部份。各载体,在与配方其它成分的兼容性及对病患无害上,必须为“可接受的”。可作为医药上可接受的载体的材料的部分实例包含:糖类,如乳糖、葡萄糖、及蔗糖;淀粉类,如玉米淀粉及马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、及乙酸纤维素;黄蓍胶粉;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,如可可脂及栓剂蜡;油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花籽油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油、及大豆油;二醇类,如丙二醇;多元醇,如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、及聚乙二醇;酯类,如油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;洋菜;缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁及氢氧化铝;褐藻酸;无热原水;等渗食盐水;林格氏液;乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;以及于医药配方中其它无毒可兼容物质。
湿润剂、乳化剂、及润滑剂,如月桂硫酸钠及硬脂酸镁,以及着色剂、释放剂、涂覆剂、甜味剂、芳香剂及香料、防腐剂及抗氧化剂亦可用于该组合物中。
医药上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包含:水溶性抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸、半光氨酸氯化氢盐、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等;油溶性抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二第三丁基对甲酚(BHT)、卵磷脂、丙基没食子酸、α-生育酚等;以及金属螯合剂,如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
包含上述的本发明配方适用于静脉、口服、鼻部、局部、皮肤、口腔、舌下、直肠、阴道、及/或非肠胃道投药。该配方,方便起见,可为单剂量型式,且可以任何药学领域的已知方法制备。该活性成分的量(可与一载体材料组合以制造单剂量形式)通常为可产生疗效的量。一般而言,百分的百比例中,此活性成分的量自约1%至约99%,优选约5%至约70%,最优选约10%至约30%。
本发明的医药制剂,于其艺术基础的使用水平,可另外含有通常在药物组合物/制剂中发现的其它助剂组分。因此,例如药物组合物/制剂可含有另外的,相容的,药学上活性的材料,诸如,例如止痒剂,收敛剂,局部麻醉剂或抗炎剂或,可含有在本发明的组合物的物理上配制各种剂型有用的另外的材料,例如染料,调味剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,遮光剂,增稠剂和稳定剂。然而,添加这种材料时,不应过度干扰本发明的治疗化合物的生物活性。所述制剂可以是无菌的,且若需要可与不会有害地影响制剂的治疗性化合物的助剂(例如,润滑剂,防腐剂,稳定剂,润湿剂,乳化剂,用于影响渗透压的盐,缓冲剂,着色剂,矫味剂和/或芳香物质等)混合。此外,应当理解,其它的药物制剂可以方便地以单位剂量形式呈现,可以根据制药工业中熟知的常规技术制备。在一般情况下,这样的技术包括将药物载体或赋形剂与活性成分结合在一起的步骤。所述制剂通常通过将液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地与活性成分结合在一起制备以及,若需要的话,将该产品塑形。
制备该等配方或组合物的方法,包含将本发明化合物与该载体及视需要的一种或多种辅助成分结合的步骤。一般而言,该配方均匀且详细地将本发明化合物与液态载体或细粒固态载体或两者结合,以及,若需要的话,将该产品塑形。
适用于口服的本发明的配方可为胶囊(capsules、cachets)、片剂、锭剂、菱形锭剂(使用一香味基底,通常为蔗糖及阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶)、粉剂、粒剂形式,或为液剂或于水性或非水性液体中的悬浮液,或为水包油或油包水的液态乳剂,或为酏剂或糖浆,或为喉片(使用一惰性基底,如明胶及甘油、或蔗糖及阿拉伯胶)及/或漱口水等型式,各自包含作为活性成分的一预定量的本发明化合物。本发明化合物亦可以食团(bolus)、舐剂、或糊剂形式投药。
用于口服的本发明的固态剂型(胶囊、锭剂、片剂、糖衣药丸、粉剂、粒剂等)中,该活性成分与一种或多种医药上可接受的载体(例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢钙)、及/或下列任一种混合:填料或增量剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇及/或硅酸;黏结剂,如,举例而言,羧甲基纤维素、褐藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯酮、蔗糖及/或阿拉伯胶;保湿剂,如甘油;崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或树薯淀粉、褐藻酸、部分硅酸盐、及碳酸钠;阻溶剂(solution retarding agents),如石蜡;加速吸收剂,如四级铵化合物;湿润剂,如,举例而言,鲸蜡醇及单硬脂酸甘油脂;吸收剂,如,高岭土及膨润土;润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固态聚乙二醇、月桂硫酸钠、及其混合物;以及着色剂。在胶囊、锭剂及片剂的例中,该医药组合物亦可包括缓冲剂。利用如乳糖或牛乳糖类或高分子量聚乙二醇等赋形剂,相似类型的固态组合物亦可作为软或硬质明胶胶囊的填料。
通过压制或压模制备锭剂,视需要可具有一种或多种辅助成分。压制的锭剂可使用黏结剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,淀粉羟乙酸钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、界面活性剂或分散剂而制备。压模的锭剂可通过以惰性液态稀释剂湿润的粉末化的该化合物于适当机器中压模而制备。
该锭剂及其它本发明的医药组合物固态剂型,如糖衣药丸、胶囊、片剂、及粒剂,可视需要制备刻痕或涂层及外壳,例如肠衣涂布或其它医药剂型领域为习知的涂层。亦可将其调配为活性成分的缓释或控制释放,其中,可使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素以提供所欲释放曲线,其它聚合物基质、脂质体及/或微球体。其可通过下列方式灭菌,例如:经由细菌截留滤器过滤,或将杀菌剂加入该无菌固态组合物的型式,其可于使用前实时溶解于无菌水或其它无菌注射用基质中。该等组合物亦可视需要包含失透剂,并可为仅释放活性成分的组合物,或,优先于肠胃道某些部分释放,视需要可为延迟方式。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包含聚合性物质及蜡。该活性成分亦可为微包囊型式,若需要,可具有一种或多种上述赋形剂。
除了惰性稀释剂的外,该口服组合物亦可包含佐剂,如湿润剂、乳化及悬浮剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、着色剂、香料、及防腐剂。
除了该活性化合物之外,悬浮剂型可包含悬浮剂如,举例而言,乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧代乙烯山梨醇及山梨醇酐脂、微晶纤维素、氢氧化铝氧化物、膨润土、琼脂及黄蓍胶、及其混合物。
本发明的化合物的局部或皮肤投药的剂型包含粉剂、喷剂、油膏、糊剂、乳霜、化妆水、凝胶、溶液、贴片及吸入剂。该活性化合物可在无菌条件下与一医药上可接受的载体、及所需的任何防腐剂、缓冲液、或推进物混合。
除了本发明的活性化合物以外,该油膏、糊剂、乳霜、及凝胶可包含赋形剂,如动物及植物油脂、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、聚硅氧烷、膨润土、硅酸、滑石及氧化锌、或其混合物。
除了本发明的活性化合物以外,该粉剂及喷剂可包含赋形剂,如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙、及聚胺粉末,或其混合物。喷剂可额外包含习知推进物,如氯氟代烃及未经取代的挥发性烃,如丁烷及丙烷。
皮肤贴片具有可将本发明化合物以控制的传递提供至人体。该剂型可通过将化合物于适当基质中溶解或分散。吸收增进剂亦可用于增加该化合物穿越皮肤的通量(flux)。可通过提供一速率控制膜或将该活性化合物分散于一聚合物基质或凝胶中,以控制该通量的速率。眼药配方、眼药膏、药粉、药水等亦可涵盖于本发明的范畴中。该等溶液有用于治疗任何眼睛疾病。尤其有用于直接给药于眼睛的医药组合物包含水溶液及/或配制成眼药水及增稠的溶液及/或配制成眼药凝胶或眼药膏的悬浮液,用于眼药水的制备中的悬浮液用的水溶液及稀释剂包括蒸馏水、生理盐水,和类似物的悬浮液,用于悬浮液的非水性溶液和稀释剂可包括植物油,液体石蜡,矿物油,丙二醇,对-辛基十二烷醇,以及类似溶剂。各种添加剂可以被包含在所需的眼药水、眼用凝胶及/或眼药膏。这些包括,但不限于,缓冲剂、等渗剂、防腐剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、螯合剂。加入缓冲剂以保持pH恒定,并且可以包括医药上可接受的缓冲剂,如硼酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、酒石酸盐缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液和乙酸盐缓冲液。缓冲剂包括提供足够用于预期的生理条件的缓冲能力的量。除了缓冲剂,可以被添加到眼药水的等渗剂以使该制备与泪液等渗透。等渗剂包括,但不限于,糖,如葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖;糖醇如甘露醇和山梨醇;多元醇如甘油,聚乙二醇和丙二醇;和盐,如氯化钠、柠檬酸钠和琥珀酸钠。等渗剂以使该眼药水的渗透压相等于该泪液者的量加入。可以加入防腐剂至保持眼药水及/或眼药膏的完整性。防腐剂的实例包括,但不限于,苯扎氯铵、对羟基苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇与芐醇。在一些具体实施方案中,增稠剂可用于增加眼用制剂如眼药水、眼药凝胶剂及/或眼药膏的粘度。可使用的增稠剂包括,但不限于,甘油、聚乙二醇和羧乙烯基聚合物。除了以上所述,在一些具体实施方案中,理想的是使用另外的试剂,包括但不限于,稳定剂如亚硫酸钠和丙二醇;抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、生育酚、硫代硫酸钠;及/或螯合剂,如乙烯-二胺-四乙酸(EDTA),乙二醇-双-(2-氨基乙基)-N,N,N′,N′-四乙酸(EGTA)和柠檬酸钠。眼药水、眼药凝胶及/或眼药膏可以藉由无菌操作制备,或者可替换地灭菌在制剂的适宜的阶段中进行。灭菌方法可以包括,但不限于,加热杀菌,辐射和过滤。眼药膏(眼膏)可以藉由将活性成分混合入可用于制备眼膏且随后以本领域中已知的任何方法配制成药物制剂而无菌地制备。典型用于眼药膏的基底的是由凡士林、jelene 50、聚乙烯复合和聚乙二醇为例。另外,可以加入表面活性剂以增加亲水性。
本文所描述的治疗性化合物也可以在一个时间释放制剂给药,例如于包括缓释聚合物之组成物中。这些化合物可与防止快速释放这些化合物之载体一起制备,例如控释制剂(包括植入物和微囊化递送系统)。可使用可生物降解的、生物兼容的聚合物,如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚酐、聚乙醇酸、胶原、聚原酸酯、聚乳酸和聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸的共聚物(PLG)。用于制备这种制剂之方法系本领域技术人员已知者。
用于局部给药之药物组成物和制剂可包括经皮贴剂、软膏、洗剂、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、滴剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、液体和粉剂。期望为常规的药物载体、水性、粉末或油性基质、增稠剂等。一些实施例中,外用制剂包括本文中描述的治疗性化合物与外用递送剂(如脂质、脂质体、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、类固醇、螯合剂和界面活性剂)混合者。典型的脂质和脂质体包括中性(即二油酰磷脂酰DOPE乙醇胺,二肉荳蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱DMPC及二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、阴性(二肉荳蔻酰磷脂酰甘油DMPG)及阳性(即二油酰基甲基氨基丙基DOTAP和二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺DOTMA)。本文所描述的治疗性化合物可包封于脂质体或者可以形成其复合物,尤其是与阳离子脂质体。另外,这些化合物可与脂质体错合,尤其是与阳离子脂质体。较佳的脂肪酸和酯包括,但不限于,花生四烯酸、油酸、二十烷酸、月桂酸、辛酸、癸酸、肉荳蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,二癸酸酯、三癸、油酸单甘油酯、甘油二月桂酸酯、甘油基1-单癸酸酯、1-十二烷基-2-酮、一酰基肉碱、肉碱或C1-10烷基酯(例如,肉荳蔻酸异丙酯、IPM)、单甘油酯及二甘油脂。
于本发明一些实施例中,医药组成物可制备及配制为乳剂。乳剂典型地为一种液体以滴液形式(通常半径超过0.1μm)分散于另一种液体中之非匀相系统。(Idson,in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,MarcelDekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.199;Rosoff,in Pharmaceutical DosageForms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,Volume 1,p.245;Block in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Riegerand Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 2,p.335;Higuchi et al.,in Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1985,p.301)。乳剂通常为包括两种充分混合且相互分散之不混溶液相之二相系统。一般而言,乳剂可为油中水型(w/o)或水中油型(o/w)种类。
当水相被精细地分开或分散成微小液滴至大量油相中,该所得组成物系称作油中水型(w/o)乳剂。另外,当油相被精细地分开或分散成微小液滴至大量水相中,该所得组成物系称作水中油型(o/w)乳剂。乳剂除了该分散相和该活性药物可包含附加的组分,其可在该水相、油相或自身之分离相中作为溶液存在。若需要,医药赋形剂,例如乳化剂、稳定剂、染料和抗氧化剂亦可存在于乳剂中。医药乳剂亦可为包括超过二相(例如,诸如油中水中油型(o/w/o)或水中油中水(w/o/w)型乳剂)之多重乳剂。这种复合配方通常提供简单二元乳剂所没有之某些优点。多重乳剂中,o/w乳剂之个别油滴包住小水滴而构成w/o/w乳剂。同样地,油滴在油连续相中被水球包住而提供o/w/o乳剂。乳剂之特性为很少或无热力学稳定性。通常,该乳剂之分散相或非连续相被良好地分散至该外部或连续相,且藉由乳化剂或该制剂粘度之方式保持此形式。任一乳剂之相在乳剂型软膏及乳霜之情况下可为半固体或固体。稳定乳剂之其它方式意味着可掺入到乳液中的任一相之乳化剂之使用。乳化剂大致可分为四类:合成的界面活性剂、天然存在的乳化剂、吸收性基质及微细分散性固体。(Idson,in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger andBanker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.199).Syntheticsurfactants,also known as surface active agents,have found wide applicability in theformulation of emulsions and have been reviewed in the literature(Rieger,inPharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,MarcelDekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.285;Idson,in Pharmaceutical DosageForms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,1988,volume 1,p.199)。界面活性剂典型为两性且包括亲水和疏水部分。该界面活性剂之亲水和疏水性质之比率被称为亲水/亲油平衡值(HLB),且在制剂的制备中于分类和选择界面活性剂上为一种有价值的工具。界面活性剂基于该亲水基团的性质可分为不同种类:非离子性、阴离子性、阳离子性和两性。(Rieger,inPharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,MarcelDekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.285)。用于乳剂制剂之天然存在的乳化剂包括羊毛脂、蜂蜡、磷脂、卵磷脂和阿拉伯胶。吸收性基质具有亲水性而使得它们可以吸收水以形成w/o乳剂,仍保留其半固体的一致性,如无水羊毛脂和亲水性矿。微细分散性固体,尤其是与界面活性剂组合且于粘稠的制品中,已被作为良好的乳剂。这些包括极性无机固体,例如重金属氢氧化物、不溶胀粘土、如膨润土、绿坡缕石、锂蒙脱石、高岭土、蒙脱石,胶态硅酸铝和胶态硅酸铝镁、色素和非极性固体例如碳或三硬脂酸甘油酯。种类繁多的非乳化材料亦包括于乳剂制剂中且有助于该乳剂的性质。这些包括脂肪、油、蜡、脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酸酯、湿润剂、亲水胶体、防腐剂和抗氧化剂。(Block,in Pharmaceutical DosageForms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.335;Idson,in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger andBanker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.199)。
本发明的医药组合物可适用于非肠胃道投药,包括一种或多种本发明的化合物,与一种或多种医药上可接受的无菌等渗透压水性或非水性溶液、分散剂、悬浮液、或乳剂的组合,或,为无菌粉末(可于使用前实时重组成无菌注射用溶液或悬浮液),其可包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、杀菌剂、溶质(以使该配方与预期接受者的血液为等渗透)、或悬浮剂或稠化剂。
可用于本发明医药组合物的适当水性及非水性载体的实例,包含水、乙醇、多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)、及其适当混合物、植物油如橄榄油、及可注射有机酯如乙基油酸酯。适当流动性的维持,例如可通过涂覆材料(如卵磷酯)的使用、在分散剂中维持所须颗粒尺寸、及使用接口活性剂。
该等组合物亦可包含佐剂,如防腐剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、及分散剂。可通过包含不同抗细菌剂及抗真菌剂,如对羟苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、山梨酸苯酚等,而达到预防微生物的活动。包含等渗透剂,如糖类、氯化钠等的该等组合物亦为所欲。另外,注射用医药剂型的延长吸收作用,可通过添加延迟吸收作用的剂如单硬脂酸铝及明胶而达成。
本发明的剂型可为口服型、非肠胃道型、局部型、或直肠型。该等剂型自然可依各投药途径而制备为适当型式。例如,它们可以锭剂或胶囊型式以注射、吸入途径投药,以眼药水、药膏、栓剂等型式以注射、点滴或吸入途径投药;以药水或药膏型式以局部投药;及以栓剂以直肠投药。以静脉注射投药为较佳。
于此处所用,术语“非肠胃道投药”及“以非肠胃道型提供”意指除了肠道及局部投药以外的模式,通常通过注射,且包含但非限于静脉、肌肉、动脉、囊内、硬膜外、眶内、腔内、皮内、腹膜内、气管、皮下、表皮下、关节腔内、包膜下、蛛网膜下腔、脊柱内、及胸骨内的注射及点滴。
该等化合物可通过任何适当投药途径,包含口服、鼻腔(例如通过喷剂)、直肠、阴道、非肠胃道、脑池内(intracisternally)、及局部性(例如通过粉末、药膏、或滴剂),含口腔及舌下,提供给人类及其它动物以达治疗目的。
若不考虑所选投药途径,本发明的该等化合物可以适当水合型式使用,及/或本发明的医药组合物可以该领域技术人员所习知的方法配制成医药上可接受的剂型。
于本发明的医药组合物中,该活性成分的确切剂量可加以变化,以获得可达成对特定病患、组合物、及投药方式的所欲治疗反应,且对该病患无毒性的活性成分的量。
所选定的剂量依不同因子而变化,该等因子包含所用本发明特定化合物或其酯类、盐类或胺类的活性、投药途径、投药时间、所用特定化合物的排除速率、治疗期间、用以与所用特定化合物组合的其它药物、化合物及/或材料、年龄、性别、体重、条件、一般健康状况、及接受治疗的病患的用药史,以及于医药领域中习知的类似因子。
具有本领域通常知识的医师或兽医可轻易决定该医药组合物所需的量并开立处方。例如,该医师或兽医可使用低于达成所欲疗效的必须剂量的本发明化合物作为起始剂量,且逐渐增加剂量直到达成所欲疗效。
本发明提出,属于数种SLRP之一的光蛋白聚糖于调控原纤维生成或影响斑马鱼眼球尺寸的基因上扮演重要角色,另外,于临床近视上扮演重要角色。本发明使用所建立的斑马鱼模型以进一步鉴定影响光蛋白聚糖表现及胶原蛋白原纤维生成及调控眼球尺寸的药物。以光蛋白聚糖的调控及胶原蛋白合成为基础,经由TGF-β途径及后续MMP2及TIMP调控,进行待测化合物的测试。于本发明中,测试约30种临床可获得且为FDA核准的药物,其为目前临床使用并为TGF-β途径或MMP及TIMP活性调控相关者。结果显示,MMP抑制剂(马立那司他(marinastat)、多西环素及美诺四环素)、胶原蛋白酶抑制剂(n-乙酰半胱氨酸)、TGF-β途径活化剂(异丙酚)、TGF-β抑制剂(卡特普)及Cox抑制剂(阿司匹林)为有效候选化合物。
实施例
材料与方法
水生培养
依据先前已建立的方法培养并维持斑马鱼(参考文献:Soules KA,Link BA.Morphogenesis of the anterior segment in the zebrafish eye.BMC Dev Biol 2005;5:12)。所有实验均以Tuebingen AB品系的斑马鱼进行,于28℃下以14小时光照及10小时黑暗循环培养,并以标准方法维持。该等胚胎依据表型标准(体节数)决定其阶段(参考文献:Kimmel CB,Ballard WW,Kimmel SR,et al.Stages of embryonicdevelopment of the zebrafish.Dev Dyn 1995;203(3):253-310),及依受精后的小时数而计时。如斑马鱼参考手册所述,胚胎以自然成对交配而产生(参考文献:WesterfieldM.The zebrafish Book;A Guide for the Laboratory Use of zebrafish(Brachydaniorerio).University of Oregon Press,Eugene,2nd edition 300P.,1993)。对于每次交配,设定4±5对,且平均每对可产生100±150个胚胎。斑马鱼胚胎为透明,使得无须牺牲或解剖个体而检测内部器官的功能及表型变化为可行。以镊子(DumontWatchmaker’s Forceps No.5)手动移除绒毛膜。
斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖品系(clone)
目前斑马鱼基因体以被桑格中心定序,并由转国家健康院的斑马鱼基因体先导计划进行该基因体的实体批注。为鉴定该斑马鱼表现序列标签(EST)品系,其编码一与人类及小鼠SLRP家族蛋白质共享高序列相似度的假设性蛋白质,本发明人以人类光蛋白聚糖总长度的cDNA序列应用至基因数据库的BLAST分析。包含该斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖基因的5’部分,约4.6kb的Not I/MluI斑马鱼基因体DNA片段,系经由聚合酶连锁反应(PCR)及次选殖至该pBluescript SK载体(Stratagene,La Jolla,CA)。该插入段于国立台湾大学的分子基因体部门的DNA定序核心,以T3、T7及未经预设的引物(walk-in primers)进行定序。该zLum的mRNA的5’-及3’-端分别以5’-端的cDNA快速增幅(5’-RACE)及3’-RACE系统(Invitrogen,Carlsband,CA)放大。于该5’-RACE实验,以1μg的斑马鱼眼睛的全RNA,以对应于zLum基因的外显子2序列的第一光蛋白聚糖专一性引物进行反转录。以RNase混合物处理以降解该RNA模版。以末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶于该cDNA的3’-端增加聚dCTP尾巴。该cDNA的增幅通过对应于外显子1及外显子2间的接合序列的第二基因专一性引物及以删节锚点引物(abridged anchor primer)结合进行。将所得PCR产物稀释为100倍并作为模版以第三基因专一性引物及万用增幅引物结合进行再增幅。对于3’-RACE,以对应于zLum基因的外显子3序列的第四基因专一性引物进行PCR。该周期条件为:94℃1分钟、55℃1分钟、及72℃3分钟进行34个周期,接着于该等周期后以72℃进行10分钟延长。最后以胶体纯化该5’-RACE及3’-RACE的PCR产物,并以去双氧定序法测定序列。通过分别比对基因体DNA、该5’-RACE产物、及该3’-RACE产物的序列可测定该zLum基因的转录起始及终止位置(参考文献:Yeh LK,Liu CY,Kao WW,et al.Knockdown of zebrafish lumicangene(zlum)causes scleral thinning and increased size of scleral coats.J Biol Chem2010;285(36):28141-55)。
第一光蛋白聚糖专一性引物:5’-AGTAGAGGTATTTGATTCCGGTC-3’;
第二光蛋白聚糖专一性引物:5’-GCACAAGAAGGTGATGAAACG-3’;
第三光蛋白聚糖专一性引物:5’-CAGACTTAGAAGTCCAGCCAAC-3’;
第四基因专一性引物:5’-GCCTCAGAGATCATCTTTGAATAG-3’;
删节锚点引物:5’-GGCCACGCGTCGACTAGTACGGGIIGGGIIGGGIIG-3’;
万用增幅引物:5’-CUACUACUACUAGGCCACGCGTCGACTAGTAC-3’.
吗啉(Morpholino)基因抑制
吗啉为化学修饰的反义寡聚核苷酸,可设计成与特定mRNA的转译起始位置或拼接(splicing)接受/提供位置杂合(参考文献:Nasevicius A,Ekker SC.Effectivetargeted gene′knockdown′in zebrafish.Nat Genet 2000;26(2):216-20)。吗啉反义寡聚核苷酸(Gene Tools,Philomath,OR)设计并合成以标定该5’-未转译及/或侧翼区,包含该各别基因的转译起始密码。该MO序列设计如下:zLum-MO,5’-GATCCCAGAGCAAACATGGCTGCAC-3’。此寡聚核苷酸与转译起始密码的-8至+17的序列互补。作为zLum-MO的对照组的一任意序列MO(RS-MO):5’-CCTCTTACCTCAGTTACAATTTATA-3’。此RS-MO系得自Gene Tools,并无对象专一性,以作为标准对照组(参考文献:Yeh LK,Liu CY,Kao WW,et al.Knockdown of zebrafish lumican gene(zlum)causes scleral thinning and increased sizeof scleral coats.J Biol Chem 2010;285(36):28141-55)。
将吗啉重新溶散于无菌水中,达1mmol/L的浓度,并以无菌水稀释为680ng/nL。将该吗啉注射至体积为0.0023nL的单细胞阶段。此处,以西方墨点法鉴定该吗啉于蛋白质层次的效果,以注射GAPDH的胚胎作为对照组。
全胚原位杂交法
全株原位杂交法的主要优点为,其为建立胚胎及早期幼体的基因时空表现的快速且有效的方法。取不同阶段所得的胚胎并以于1x PBS的4%多聚甲醛于4℃固定隔夜。以PBS润洗3次后,将该等胚胎移至100%的甲醇中,并贮存于-20℃直到使用时。所有胚胎以0.003%苯基硫脲(PTU)处理以预防黑素生成。依据一般方法进行全株RNA原位杂交(参考文献:Thisse C,Thisse B.High-resolution in situ hybridizationto whole-mount zebrafish embryos.Nat Protoc 2008;3(1):59-69)。依制造商所建议的流程,以地高辛抗体(DIG)-碱性磷酸酶接合物显示杂交讯号(Roche Applied Science,Indianapolis,IN)。
抗体
斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖抗体-一种以亲和性纯化的抗zLum抗体,拮抗一合成胜肽N-端胜肽(N’-CNERNLKFIPIVPTGIKY-C’),其对应于由该zLum cDNA衍生的18个N端氨基酸残基,该抗体可用以检测斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖。该胜肽结合至血蓝蛋白(KLH),以于兔子进行抗体生成。依制造商所建议的流程,以前述斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖寡胜肽接合至Sulfolink胶体的免疫吸附管柱(Pierce,Rockford,IL)纯化该抗体。收集含有经纯化的抗斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖抗体的馏份并浓缩,且以分光光度计于280nm测定蛋白质浓度(参考文献:Yeh LK,Liu CY,Kao WW,et al.Knockdown ofzebrafish lumican gene(zlum)causes scleral thinning and increased size of scleral coats.J Biol Chem 2010;285(36):28141-55)。
使用数种抗体以评估光蛋白聚糖的基因抑制效果,所有抗体均可由商业购得。抗TGFβ2兔子抗体、抗MMP-2兔子抗体、抗TIMP-2山羊抗体、抗Col1a1(L-19)山羊抗体、及抗PDI山羊抗体可购自Santa Cruz。抗GAPDH小鼠抗体可购自Abnova。
西方墨点法
在含有蛋白酶抑制剂(0.5mM的AEBSF,0.3μm的抑肽酶(Aprotinin)、l0μm乌苯美司(Bestatin)、l0μm E-64,l0μm亮肽素(Leupeptin))的RIPA缓冲液(50mM的Tris-HCl、pH为7.4,150mM氯化钠、1mM的EDTA、1%的Na-脱氧胆酸盐、1%NP-40)中萃取斑马鱼胚胎中的蛋白质。于蛋白质墨点的制备中,将100个受精3日的胚胎在100μl的RIPA缓冲液中超音波处理和微量离心20分钟。于进行SDS/PAGE前,以0.1单位/ml的内-β-半乳糖苷酶(Sigma公司,圣路易斯,密苏里州)在37℃酶解巩膜蛋白萃取物等分试样过夜并将上清液的蛋白质通过SDS-PAGE(每泳道30ug)以10%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,并转移到0.2μm孔径硝酸纤维素膜(Invitrogen)中进行免疫墨点分析。光蛋白聚糖是使用抗斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖N端肽抗体(0.1μg/ml,细节如上所述)来检测。将GAPDH以单株抗体(Abnova)免疫染色用以控制等效负载。使用抗兔抗体(1:1000)和抗山羊抗体(1:2500)之HRP接合的二次抗体与适当的初级抗体。通过化学荧光(西方HRP及AP化学荧光基质,Millipore公司)检测抗体反应。
将人类巩膜细胞以4×105细胞/孔接种于6孔培养盘中,并加入不同浓度的MMP抑制剂,于37℃培养24小时。未添加MMP抑制剂者作为对照组。于24小时培养后,收集细胞进行蛋白质萃取。蛋白质萃取并于含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液中均质化。以光谱分析法定量蛋白质成分。以具有相同蛋白质含量的样本于10%聚丙烯酰胺胶体上进行电泳,并转移至PVDF膜。将该转渍膜与包含5%脱脂牛奶的PBS溶液于4℃共培养隔夜以阻断非专一性抗原,接着以稀释的初级抗体培养1-2小时。于此实验中所使用的初级抗体如下:抗TGFβ1抗体、抗TGFβ2抗体、抗TGFβ3抗体、抗MMP2抗体、抗MMP9、抗TIMP2抗体、及GAPDH。初级抗体反应后,将该膜与做为二次抗体的辣根过氧化酶接合的山羊抗小鼠IgG或山羊抗兔子IgG的抗体于室温下共培养1小时,以化学荧光试剂组(Chemiluminescence Reagent Plus)检测,并暴露至膜上。比较以不同MMP抑制剂处理/未经处理的细胞的间的蛋白质表现图谱。
光蛋白聚糖(zLumican)启动子转基因鱼
以反义吗啉寡聚核苷酸于斑马鱼中可快速且强力地研究基因功能(参考文献:Nasevicius A,Ekker SC.Effective targeted gene′knockdown′in zebrafish.Nat Genet2000;26(2):216-20;Heasman J.Morpholino oligos:making sense of antisense?DevBiol 2002;243(2):209-14)。又,已建立产生转基因系70、对象突变(反向遗传)、及核转移的选殖的技术(参考文献:Davidson AE,Balciunas D,Mohn D,et al.Efficientgene delivery and gene expression in zebrafish using the Sleeping Beauty transposon.Dev Biol 2003;263(2):191-202;Kurita K,Burgess SM,Sakai N.Transgenic zebrafishproduced by retroviral infection of in vitro-cultured sperm.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2004;101(5):1263-7;Wienholds E,Schulte-Merker S,Walderich B,Plasterk RH.Target-selected inactivation of the zebrafish rag1gene.Science 2002;297(5578):99-102;Lee KY,Huang H,Ju B,et al.Cloned zebrafish by nuclear transfer fromlong-term-cultured cells.Nat Biotechnol 2002;20(8):795-9)。此处,本发明人建立了于斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖启动子控制下表现的转基因品系。由该zLum基因的5′未转译区域起算的基因体DNA,1.7kb及0.48kb两者,以专一性PCR引物增幅,并插入至具有多重选殖位置并带有EGFP序列的59pBluescript II SK载体(Stratagene,LaJolla,CA)。该重组质体于Escherichia coli DH5α中制备并以纯化套组(QIAGENPlasmid Purification Maxi kit)纯化。将纯化的质体DNA以蒸馏水调整至50ng/μl,并于解剖显微镜下以显微注射至单细胞阶段的斑马鱼胚胎。隔天以荧光解剖显微镜(Leica dissection scope)(MZFLII)将具有GFP表现的胚胎显影并选出。仅将可展现荧光的胚胎培养至成鱼。由带有荧光的经注射胚胎长成的成鱼同胞配对以鉴定生殖系种源种。接着,由阳性配对而来的独立成体进行远系杂交(outcross)以鉴定独立种源种鱼。由此光蛋白聚糖启动子转基因鱼可进一步强调该等功能及表型的改变。
PCR引物:
顺向引物I:5’-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCTCCATTAATTCGACAGACCAG-3’;
顺向引物II:5’-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCAGGTAGACAACACGGTTATGT-3’;
反向引物:5’-CGACGCGTGGCTGCACAACTTAAATTAAACCT-3’;
初步药物筛选所用化学品
药物筛选所用化学品及药物包含TGF-受体抑制剂(阿托品、托平卡胺、异丙托溴铵(爱全乐)、奥昔布宁(塔沃尔)、东莨菪碱溴化氢盐、二盐酸派伦西平、SB 431542、太莫西芬、SB-505124、RepSox(SB-4696)、盐酸多西环素(Dermostat,Periostat)、金雀异黄酮、马立马司他、牛磺酸、美诺四环素氯化氢盐、n-乙酰半胱氨酸、氯沙坦钾、阿司匹林、齐留通、SP600125、异丙酚、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(Statin)、吲哚美辛、伊布洛芬、纳普洛先、匹洛西卡、萘丁美酮、利考非隆、卡特普、前花青素、杂紫杉碱原(Heterotaxin)、辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀)。所有化合物,其拮抗由光蛋白聚糖调控的胶原蛋白原纤维生成的假设途径的药学活性均已于先前被研究过。
结果
本发明人已成功建立一斑马鱼模型以研究眼睛发育与疾病,并确认了光蛋白聚糖基因(zLum)于斑马鱼的角膜及巩膜中的表现。zLum的基因抑制造成于斑马鱼眼睛发育期间的巩膜薄化及巩膜的膜尺寸增加,与儿童近视的临床发现相符。如生物化学期刊2010年第285卷第36号第28141-28155页的参考文献的图4及5所示,其清楚证实,斑马鱼光蛋白聚糖(zLum)于斑马鱼中的表现,尤其是在巩膜、角膜、及眼周基质。有趣的是,于巩膜的光蛋白聚糖为非硫酸化,反之,于角膜基质者为硫酸化光蛋白聚糖。
于光蛋白聚糖经基因抑制后,于图1至5,巩膜拉长且近似于人类近视(即轴性拉长)的巩膜改变。如上所述,本发明人亦展示了于该光蛋白聚糖启动子的SNP改变及其单倍体型与台湾族群的高度近视发生有强烈关连性。本动物实验重现对于人类近视的该等发现,其中强调光蛋白聚糖基因于轴性拉长发生的重要性。
图6显示,于斑马鱼中,光蛋白聚糖基因抑制的表型可被TGF-β复原。该光蛋白聚糖基因抑制斑马鱼亦证实MMP2的增量表现及TIMP的减量表现,其进一步确认光蛋白聚糖对于巩膜重塑的调控的角色如其它物种的实验性近视所示。重要地,于光蛋白聚糖基因抑制斑马鱼中,提供阿托品可抑制该巩膜拉长(图7至9)。以此治疗后,MMP-2及TIMP的表现亦回归正常表现量。
测试约30种与TGF-β途径相关的临床可得药物。第一种药物马立那司他(BB2516)为一预期抗肿瘤药物,为广效基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂,亦被认为是良好候选药物。本发明初步结果显示,马立那司他可于zLumMO基因抑制斑马鱼中非常有效地预防巩膜拉长(实验组为2%巩膜拉长vs.对照组为30%巩膜拉长)。马立那司他的结果确实显示MMP为作用者(effectors)且标定至光蛋白聚糖基因抑制后的巩膜拉长。马立那司他可为用于预防近视及临床药物测试的具潜力对象物。
四环霉素可用于多种革兰氏阴性细菌感染的系统性及局部性治疗。近年来,已建立四环霉素的完全独立于其抗微生物特性的其它生物功能。又,多种关于体外及体内的动物试验的研究已显示,四环霉素抗生素及其不具备抗微生物活性的化学修饰类似物可抑制哺乳类胶原蛋白酶的活性及破坏胶原蛋白。多西环素及美诺四环素为第二代四环霉素。多西环素及经化学修饰的四环霉素CMT-1及CMT-6具有对92-kDa(MMP-9)及72-kDa(MMP-2)明胶酶二者的直接抑制效果。美诺四环素亦可抑制不同MMP,包括MMP-9及MMP-2。该等药物被认为是良好候选药物。本发明的结果显示,多西环素及美诺四环素可于zLum-吗啉(MO)基因抑制模型中非常有效地抑制巩膜拉长(实验组为6.8%及4.7%巩膜vs.对照组为30%巩膜拉长)。另一群抗生素,美诺四环素,亦展现出预防巩膜拉长的效果。美诺四环素属于为第二代四环霉素。美诺四环素具有与其它四环霉素相似范围的抗感染特性,特别是拮抗披衣菌(Chlamydias)、梅毒螺旋菌(Treonema)、及丙酸痤疮杆菌(Proprionibacterium acenes)。与此种抗感染作用相关的该抗发炎及抗胶原蛋白酶活性系高于第一代四环霉素,特别是对表皮细胞素有调节剂效果者。故,可合理预期四环霉素于巩膜的胶原蛋白合成的功效。阿司匹林可于身体中造成不同效果,主要可降低发炎作用、止痛(疼痛缓解)、预防血栓、及退烧。阿司匹林可抑制前列腺素及血栓素的生成的能力系来自其对环氧合酶(COX)酵素的不可逆的不活化作用。环氧合酶为前列腺素及血栓素合成所必须。阿司匹林作为乙酰化剂,将乙酰基共价结合至该COX酵素的活性位置的丝氨酸上。此举使得阿司匹林不同于其它NSAID(如代克菲纳及伊布洛芬)的可逆型抑制剂。本发明结果显示,阿司匹林可于zLum-MO基因抑制模型中非常有效地预防巩膜拉长(实验组为9.6%巩膜拉长vs.对照组为30%巩膜拉长)。
N-乙酰半胱氨酸,为一种有效的抗氧化剂,可抑制胞外反应性氧中间产物128的生成,亦为胶原蛋白酶抑制剂。数篇论文报导,N-乙酰半胱氨酸显示基质MMP-2的表现及活性的抑制作用。本发明结果显示,n-乙酰半胱氨酸可于zLum-MO基因抑制模型中非常有效地预防巩膜拉长(实验组为11.7%巩膜拉长vs.对照组为30%巩膜拉长)。
异丙酚(2,6-二异丙基酚)为用于手术中长效镇静的麻醉及治疗急重症患者的术后恶心呕吐的最常用药剂的一。异丙酚可诱发内皮细胞表现潜伏期TGF-β,于胞内可通过PBMCs转换成活化TGF-β。本发明结果显示,异丙酚可于zLum-MO基因抑制模型中非常有效地预防巩膜拉长(实验组为12%巩膜拉长vs.对照组为30%巩膜拉长)。
简言之,马立那司他、多西环素、美诺四环素、n-乙酰半胱氨酸、阿司匹林、异丙酚的结果显示TGF-β及MMP为作用者且标定至光蛋白聚糖基因抑制后的巩膜拉长。该等药物可为用于预防近视及临床药物测试的具潜力对象物。据此,本发明证实斑马鱼为观察轴性近视发生及筛选治疗近视用化合物的优异的体内动物模型。以马立马司他、多西环素、卡特普、美诺四环素盐酸盐、阿托品、阿司匹林、异丙酚、及N-乙酰半胱氨酸处理的斑马鱼的大眼率系如图10所示。图11(a)-(e)显示以不同浓度的四环霉素、美诺四环素、多西环素、马立马司他、及巴马司他处理的斑马鱼的大眼率。其它待测化合物及其大眼率系如下表所示。
药物名称 | 选用浓度 | 大眼率(%) | |
1 | 阿托品 | 0.50% | 14.5% |
2 | 托平卡胺 | 1mM | 22.3% |
3 | 异丙托溴铵(爱全乐) | 50mM | 26.0% |
4 | 奥昔布宁(塔沃尔) | 2uM | 22.7% |
5 | 东莨菪碱溴化氢盐 | 100uM | 27.0% |
6 | 二盐酸派伦西平 | 0.25% | 19.1% |
7 | SB 431542 | 25uM | 23.4% |
8 | 太莫西芬 | 20uM | 17.7% |
9 | 盐酸多西环素(Dermostat,Periostat) | 100ppm | 6.8% |
10 | 金雀异黄酮 | 25uM | 36.2% |
11 | 马立马司他 | 50uM | 2% |
12 | 牛磺酸 | 0.2M | 21.8% |
13 | 美诺四环素氯化氢 | 50uM | 4.7% |
14 | n-乙酰半胱氨酸 | 10uM | 11.7% |
15 | 阿司匹林 | 50mg/L | 9.6% |
16 | 异丙酚 | 0.5mM | 12.0% |
17 | SP600125 | 2.5uM | 29.5% |
18 | 齐留通 | 100uM | 21.3% |
19 | 美伐他汀 | 0.01nM | 27.0% |
20 | 吲哚美辛 | 10uM | 18% |
21 | 匹洛西卡 | 10uM | 22% |
22 | 卡特普 | 1mM | 7.6% |
23 | 辛伐他汀 | 0.1uM | 26.0% |
再者,分离并培养用于测验的人类巩膜纤维母细胞。如前述,自死后的人类捐赠者眼睛的移植物培养初代人类巩膜母细胞(参考文献:Barathi,V.A.,S.R.Weon,and R.W.Beuerman,Expression of muscarinic receptors in human and mouse scleraand their role in the regulation of scleral fibroblasts proliferation.Mol Vis,2009.15:p.1277-93;Wang,Q.,et al.,Role of bone morphogenetic proteins in form-deprivationmyopia sclera.Mol Vis,2011.17:p.647-57)。自该捐赠者眼睛分割出巩膜且立即用冷的磷酸盐缓冲液清洗3次。接着,将该人类巩膜修整为约1mm×1mm的片状物并培养于60mm×15mm的细胞培养皿(Corning Ltd)中,该培养皿中有已补充高浓度葡萄糖的Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s培养基(DMEM)/F12(Invitrogen)、10%胎牛血清(FBS;Gibco)。接下来,将该细胞培养于含5%CO2的37℃加湿型培养箱中。每3或4天更换生长培养基。当获得大量单层初代细胞时,藉由与0.25%胰蛋白酶/0.5mM EDTA(Sigma)在37℃培养5分钟,使该细胞悬浮,并于25mm2的培养瓶(Corning Ltd)中继代培养。实验中所用的所有细胞为第1至第3继代者。藉由抗波形蛋白的免疫荧光染色法确认所培养的纤维母细胞的纯度。在如上述的西方点墨法试验和化学荧光试验后,上述经扫描的MMP抑制剂影响光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成。
上述特定实施例的内容为了详细说明本发明,然而,该等实施例系仅用于说明,并非意欲限制本发明。该领域技术人员可理解,在不悖离权利要求书所界定的范畴下针对本发明所进行的各种变化或修改落入本发明的一部分。
Claims (23)
1.一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的MMP抑制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该MMP抑制剂为一具有下列式(I)的拟肽物异羟肟酸盐MMP抑制剂,或其医药上可接受的盐类、其前药、其溶剂化物、其立体异构体或其镜像异构体:
其中,Q为不存在、或
X为C1-10亚烷基、C2-10亚烯基或C2-10亚炔基,未经取代或经一个或多个OH取代,C1-10直链或支链烷基、C2-10直链或支链烯基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C1-10烯基C5-15芳基、C1-10炔基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基巯基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基亚磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷氧基或C5-15芳基;
Y为C1-10亚烷基、C2-10亚烯基或C2-10亚炔基、未经取代或经一个或多个OH取代、C1-10直链或支链烷基、C2-10直链或支链烯基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C1-10烯基C5-15芳基、C1-10炔基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基巯基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基亚磺酰基C5-15芳基、C1-10烷氧基、C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10烷基巯基C5-14杂芳基;须满足,当Q不存在时,Y为C5-14杂芳基,其中该杂芳基任选经取代且具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子;以及
R1为H、OH、C1-10烷基、C2-10烯基、C2-10炔基、C5-15芳基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基、C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,当
Q为时,
X为 –CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)-、或–CH2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH2-S-苯基)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(OCH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)-、或-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(OH)-、或-CH(CH2CH2(CH3)2)CH(CH2-S-噻吩基)-;
Y为 –CH(CH2-苯基)-、-CH(C(CH3)3)-或-CH(CH2-吲哚基)-;及
R1为 CH3或苯基。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,当Q不存在时,Y为优选地,当Q不存在时,Y为且R1为C5-15杂芳基;更优选地,当Q不存在时,Y为且R1为
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,该式(I)选自由下列所成的组:
其医药上可接受的盐类、其前药、其溶剂化物、其立体异构体、其镜像异构体、或其组合。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,该化合物为CL-82198、马立马司他、或巴马司他。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该MMP抑制剂为一种具有下列式(II)的四环系的MMP抑制剂,或其互变异构体、或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药或溶剂化物:
其中,
R1及R6各自独立为H、C1-10烷基C5-14杂芳基、或C1-10NR7R8;
R2为氢或OH;
R3及R4各自独立为H、OH、NH2、NO、CN、C1-10烷基、C1-10烯基或C1-10炔基;
R5为氢、卤素、NH2、OH、NO、CN、C1-10烷基、NHC1-10烷基、N(C1-10烷基)2、C5-15芳基或C5-14杂芳基;以及
R7及R8各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷基NH2COOH或以该氮原子而各自接附以共同形成3至8元杂芳基;
其中,该杂芳基具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,R1为H;R6为H、-CH2-吡咯基、-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH;R2为H或氧基;R3为H或OH;R4为H或OH;且R5为NH2、N(CH3)2或卤素。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,该式(II)的化合物选自由下列所成的组:
其互变异构体、医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体、镜像异构体、或其组合。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,该化合物为美诺四环素、四环霉素或多西环素。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该MMP抑制剂为一种具有下列式(III)的二芳基醚异羟肟酸盐或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体:
其中,
R1为卤素、OH、NH2、OC1-10烷基(其为未取代或经1-3个卤素取代)、或NH2;
Q不存在或O;
X为O或S(O)2;
Y为CH2或NH;
Z为C5-14杂芳基,具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子、或且
R2、R3及R4各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、或未经取代或经取代的具有1至3个独立选自N、O及S的杂原子的C5-14杂芳基;或R2及R4以碳原子而各自接附以共同形成一5元饱和杂环,其为未经取代或经CN或C1-10烷基、C1-10烷基C5-15芳基取代。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,当Q不存在时,R1为OC(卤素)3、X为O、Y为CH2、Z为且R2、R3及R4各自独立为H、或或R2及R4以碳原子或氮原子而共同形成或
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,当Q为O时,R1为卤素或OC(卤素)3、X为S(O)2、及Z为
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,当Q为O时,R1为卤素或OC(卤素)3、X为S(O)2、Y为NH;Z为且R2、R3及R4各自独立为H、C1-10烷基、或
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,该式(III)的化合物选自由下列所成的组:
其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体、镜像异构体、及其组合。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该MMP抑制剂为具有下式的化合物:
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体、或镜像异构体。
17.一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的TGF-β抑制剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,该TGF-β抑制剂选自由下列所成的组:
其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体、镜像异构体、及其组合。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,该TGF-β抑制剂为氯沙坦钾、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、异丙酚、及卡特普。
20.一种治疗由光蛋白聚糖的表现及/或胶原蛋白原纤维生成所调控的疾病、及/或治疗近视及/或锥状角膜疾病的方法,包括向患者提供治疗有效量的COX/LOX抑制剂。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,该COX/LOX抑制剂选自由下列所成的组:
或其医药上可接受的盐类、前药、溶剂化物、立体异构体或镜像异构体。
22.如权利要求1,17或20任一項所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法用以治疗近视。
23.如权利要求1,17或20任一項所述的方法,其特征在于,该MMP抑制剂、该TGF-β抑制剂或该COX/LOX抑制剂与一医药上可接受的载体组合以形成眼药水、眼药凝胶、眼药膏或眼药乳剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261649611P | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | |
US61/649,611 | 2012-05-21 | ||
PCT/US2013/042037 WO2013177170A2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Methods for drug screen using zebrafish model and the compounds screened thereform |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104394856A true CN104394856A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
Family
ID=49624497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380026631.4A Pending CN104394856A (zh) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | 以斑马鱼模型进行药物筛选的方法及筛选所得药物 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140073611A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2852383A4 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2015517575A (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20170086678A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104394856A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY186510A (zh) |
SG (2) | SG11201407729VA (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI532480B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013177170A2 (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105950657A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州医科大学 | 转基因斑马鱼模型在筛选治疗g6pd缺乏症的药物中的应用 |
CN106053633A (zh) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-26 | 上海欣峰制药有限公司 | 一种盐酸头孢吡肟的临床前药效评价方法 |
CN110463654A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-19 | 贵州中医药大学 | 一种建立斑马鱼血管新生障碍模型的方法 |
CN113226020A (zh) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-08-06 | 珠海岐微生物科技有限公司 | 用于眼内疾病或病症的动物模型、筛选方法和治疗方法 |
CN113413471A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江警察学院 | 一种基于斑马鱼模型对莨菪类药物进行毒性评价的方法 |
CN116267712A (zh) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-06-23 | 温州医科大学 | 一种近视眼动物模型的构建方法及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2871116T3 (es) | 2013-05-06 | 2021-10-28 | Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Composición farmacéutica de un AINE y atropina |
WO2016022540A1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Transcriptome in vivo analysis ( tiva) and transcriptome in situ analysis (tisa) |
JPWO2019093262A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-11-19 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | 腸内環境制御による近視抑制 |
KR102120159B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-06-08 | 고려대학교산학협력단 | 어류의 시기능 평가 시스템 및 이를 이용한 안구 독성 약물 스크리닝 방법 |
WO2020091201A1 (ko) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 어류의 시기능 평가 시스템 및 이를 이용한 안구 독성 약물 스크리닝 방법, 어류의 시력 등급화 방법 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장매체 |
KR102223999B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-03-09 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 어류의 시력 등급화 방법 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장매체 |
CN115261306B (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-07-14 | 宜宾五粮液股份有限公司 | 斑马鱼心血管疾病模型、构建方法和用途 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6172057B1 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2001-01-09 | American Cyanamid Company | N-Hydroxy-2-(alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl sulfanyl, sulfinyl or sulfonyl)-3-substituted alkyl, aryl or heteroarylamides as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
CN101028512A (zh) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-09-05 | 王宁利 | 基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂在制备防止近视眼发展药物的应用 |
WO2008146018A2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | The Royal Veterinary College | Drug delivery system comprising matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4704383A (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1987-11-03 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Non-antibacterial tetracycline compositions possessing anti-collagenolytic properties and methods of preparing and using same |
JPH04178359A (ja) * | 1990-07-01 | 1992-06-25 | Kuraray Co Ltd | テトラサイクリン誘導体 |
JPH08511509A (ja) * | 1993-04-07 | 1996-12-03 | グリコメド・インコーポレイテッド | 合成マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ阻害剤およびその用途 |
TWI234467B (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2005-06-21 | Univ Michigan | Composition for inhibiting photoaging of skin |
US6946453B2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2005-09-20 | Collagenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 4-dedimethylaminotracycline derivatives |
GB0004531D0 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2000-04-19 | Richards Andrew J M | The treatment of respiratory diseases |
CN1564690A (zh) * | 2001-10-05 | 2005-01-12 | 泰特拉吉尼克斯医药公司 | 四环素衍生物及其使用方法 |
SI1755616T1 (sl) * | 2004-04-08 | 2014-04-30 | Eye Co Pty Ltd. | Zdravljenje eksudativne retinopatije z mineralkortikoidi |
AU2006332713B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-01-17 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Metalloproteinase binding proteins |
GB0722484D0 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2007-12-27 | Ucl Business Plc | Solid compositions |
GB2474930B (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-07-04 | Foamix Ltd | Topical tetracycline compositions |
-
2013
- 2013-05-21 EP EP13793495.6A patent/EP2852383A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-21 US US13/899,297 patent/US20140073611A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-21 SG SG11201407729VA patent/SG11201407729VA/en unknown
- 2013-05-21 SG SG10201701145UA patent/SG10201701145UA/en unknown
- 2013-05-21 KR KR1020177019725A patent/KR20170086678A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-05-21 WO PCT/US2013/042037 patent/WO2013177170A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-21 CN CN201380026631.4A patent/CN104394856A/zh active Pending
- 2013-05-21 KR KR1020147035784A patent/KR101953736B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-21 MY MYPI2014003256A patent/MY186510A/en unknown
- 2013-05-21 JP JP2015514117A patent/JP2015517575A/ja active Pending
- 2013-05-21 TW TW102117942A patent/TWI532480B/zh active
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 JP JP2016077013A patent/JP6300856B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6172057B1 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2001-01-09 | American Cyanamid Company | N-Hydroxy-2-(alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl sulfanyl, sulfinyl or sulfonyl)-3-substituted alkyl, aryl or heteroarylamides as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
CN101028512A (zh) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-09-05 | 王宁利 | 基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂在制备防止近视眼发展药物的应用 |
WO2008146018A2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | The Royal Veterinary College | Drug delivery system comprising matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Ⅳ型胶原酶及其抑制剂在抗肿瘤研究中的进展;李钰等;《首都师范大学学报(自然科学版)》;20110630;第32卷(第3期);第3.2节第1段 * |
四环素类药物的适用症与不良作用,张其晖等;张其晖等;《畜禽业》;20090531(第241期);第33页左栏第1段 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106053633A (zh) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-26 | 上海欣峰制药有限公司 | 一种盐酸头孢吡肟的临床前药效评价方法 |
CN105950657A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州医科大学 | 转基因斑马鱼模型在筛选治疗g6pd缺乏症的药物中的应用 |
CN113226020A (zh) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-08-06 | 珠海岐微生物科技有限公司 | 用于眼内疾病或病症的动物模型、筛选方法和治疗方法 |
CN110463654A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-19 | 贵州中医药大学 | 一种建立斑马鱼血管新生障碍模型的方法 |
CN110463654B (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-09-07 | 贵州中医药大学 | 一种建立斑马鱼血管新生障碍模型的方法 |
CN113413471A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江警察学院 | 一种基于斑马鱼模型对莨菪类药物进行毒性评价的方法 |
CN116267712A (zh) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-06-23 | 温州医科大学 | 一种近视眼动物模型的构建方法及其应用 |
CN116267712B (zh) * | 2023-02-23 | 2024-08-06 | 温州医科大学 | 一种近视眼动物模型的构建方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20170086678A (ko) | 2017-07-26 |
EP2852383A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
KR101953736B1 (ko) | 2019-03-04 |
WO2013177170A3 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
JP2016130258A (ja) | 2016-07-21 |
JP2015517575A (ja) | 2015-06-22 |
WO2013177170A2 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
KR20150013867A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
MY186510A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
US20140073611A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
SG10201701145UA (en) | 2017-03-30 |
JP6300856B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
SG11201407729VA (en) | 2014-12-30 |
EP2852383A2 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
TWI532480B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
TW201408280A (zh) | 2014-03-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6300856B2 (ja) | ゼブラフィッシュモデルを用いることにより薬物をスクリーニングする方法、及びこの方法によりスクリーニングされた化合物 | |
JP2015515282A (ja) | 創傷治癒および組織修復のための組成物および方法 | |
US11345738B2 (en) | Compounds for treating neurodegenerative proteinopathies | |
US10548887B2 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition and uses thereof | |
JP7248836B2 (ja) | ヘテロシクリデンアセトアミド誘導体含有医薬 | |
CN109937053B (zh) | 用于治疗黄斑变性的含有mTOR抑制剂的药物组合物 | |
JPWO2006077824A1 (ja) | 神経細胞再生のための医薬 | |
EP3380194B1 (en) | Composition for blocking angiogenesis | |
CA2717991A1 (en) | Treatment for ocular-related disorders | |
JP2007217347A (ja) | 眼内病的血管新生阻害剤、眼内血管新生性疾患の予防及び/又は治療薬、並びにそのスクリーニング方法 | |
EP3096780A1 (en) | Abl1 inhibitor for treating and preventing ocular neovascularisation | |
JPWO2019022152A1 (ja) | TGF−βシグナルに起因する障害を治療または予防するための医薬およびその応用 | |
KR101585794B1 (ko) | miRNA를 이용한 안과 질환의 예방 또는 치료 | |
US20220280473A1 (en) | Compositions and methods for modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition | |
CA2888984A1 (en) | Methods for treating eye disorders | |
KR20140021594A (ko) | 혈관 장벽 기능이 변경된 장애의 치료 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20150304 |