CN104383229A - 一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，该组合物由以下重量份数的药材制成：石决明23-28份、川楝子10-14份、地精草18-21份、当归11-16份、夏枯草15-20份、覆盆子9-13份、黄柏7-9份、蔓荆子8-11份、枸杞子20-25份、天冬13-16份、菊花9-13份。本发明中药组合具有具有平肝、育阴、清热之功，在阴虚阳亢型干眼症的治疗中取得了良好的效果。此外本发明中药组合物可制备成多种口服剂型，方便临床携带使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医中药领域，具体涉及一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物。
背景技术
干眼症(Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca或dry eye)是指任何原因引起的泪液质和量异常或动力学异常导致的泪膜稳定性下降，导致眼表组织病变为特征的多种疾病的总称。临床表现有眼部干涩感、异物感、烧灼感、痒感、畏光、眼红、视物模糊、视力波动及视疲劳等。祖国医学称之白涩症，属“燥症”范畴，是临床的常见疾病。
近年来多项研究结果均显示：随着年龄的增加，干眼的发病率呈明显的上升趋势，其中女性更明显。据估计，85％的都市工作人群患有干眼症，目前，越来越多的白领人士身处视觉“亚健康”状态。由于干眼症可由多种原因引起，其病因十分复杂，所以干眼症发病人群非常广泛，其总的治疗原则是根据病因个体化综合治疗。
名老中医孔伯华认为:“阳常有余，火也；阴常不足，热也；只不过有其虚与实耳。更加意淫于外、五志之动皆为火，于是形成热火相加之体而生热火相加之病。”现代人由于工作生活压力的增大，容易焦虑、烦躁、抑郁而造成肝郁，饮食上辛辣、肥甘厚味较多，易于产生内热，使得肝气郁久易于化火，肝经火盛。故肝肾阴虚，阴虚内热的“热”与肝火的“火”相加形成“热火相加”，而火为阳邪，性喜炎上，目居高炭，火气上逆造成了干眼症的发生。因此现代人患干眼症的一个原因为阴虚阳亢造成泪液化生不足，不能濡润目窍造成干眼。
当前临床治疗中，多采用外用滴眼液、软膏或凝胶制剂进行治疗，但外用滴眼剂仅对环境或药物因素引发的干眼症有一定的疗效，而对患者的生理或病理因素引发的干眼症则只能缓解其症状，不能治本。而中药内服治疗，采用辨证施治，标本兼顾对本病的治疗有一定的优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种疗效确切、显著的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的药材制成：石决明23-28份、川楝子10-14份、地精草18-21份、当归11-16份、夏枯草15-20份、覆盆子9-13份、黄柏7-9份、蔓荆子8-11份、枸杞子20-25份、天冬13-16份、菊花9-13份。
发明人以本发明对干眼症患者阴虚阳亢的症状改善情况为优选条件，对本发明进行了优选，其阴虚阳亢症见：眼干涩，磨痛，畏光，视物模糊，头晕，烦躁易怒，失眠多梦，口干搜黄，便干，腰酸，舌红或紫暗苔少，脉弦细。
优选地，上述所述治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于由以下重量份数的药材制成：石决明25份、川楝子12份、地精草19份、当归14份、夏枯草17份、覆盆子11份、黄柏8份、蔓荆子10份、枸杞子24份、天冬14份、菊花11份。
方中：石决明平肝潜阳、清热明目功力较强，善治肝火上炎所致的目赤肿痛等症状，配地精草、夏枯草、黄柏清肝泻火、清肝养肝、熄风明目，使肝火疏泄有道；配菊花、蔓荆子凉肝潜阳、泄热明目，兼养益肝阴；配枸杞子、天冬、覆盆子补足肝阴、敛阴益肾，三药合用，益肝补肾之力大增；配当归补血活血，补足肝血，肝血足则目得润；配川楝子，引肝气下达，诸药共奏平肝、清肝、养肝、柔肝、疏肝之功效，如此肝肾之阴得以滋养，肝阳平潜，肝热得解，共奏平肝、育阴、清热之功，在阴虚阳亢型干眼症的治疗中取得了良好的效果。
下面为本发明中各药材的功能及作用：
石决明：咸，寒。归肝经。功能主治：平肝潜阳，清肝明目。用于头痛眩晕，目赤翳障，视物昏花，青盲雀目。
川楝子：苦，寒；有小毒。归肝、小肠、膀胱经。功能主治：舒肝行气止痛，驱虫。用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛，疝痛，虫积腹痛。
地精草：味辛，性凉，有小毒。具有清肝息风的作用。主治肝风头浦，中风不语，口眼歪斜，小儿惊风。
当归：甘、辛，温。归肝、心、脾经。功能主治：补血活血，调经止痛，润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄，眩晕心悸，月经不调，经闭痛经，虚寒腹痛，肠燥便秘，风湿痹痛，跌扑损伤，痈疽疮疡。酒当归活血通经。用于经闭痛经，风湿痹痛，跌扑损伤。
夏枯草：辛、苦，寒。归肝、胆经。功能主治：清火，明目，散结，消肿。用于目赤肿痛，目珠夜痛，头痛眩晕，瘰疬，瘿瘤，乳痈肿痛；甲状腺肿大，淋巴结结核，乳腺增生，高血压。
菊花：甘、苦，微寒。归肺、肝经。功能主治：散风清热，平肝明目。用于风热感冒，头痛眩晕，目赤肿痛，眼目昏花。
覆盆子：甘、酸，温。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治：益肾，固精，缩尿。用于肾虚遗尿，小便频数，阳痿早泄，遗精滑精。
黄柏：苦，寒。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治：清热燥湿，泻火除蒸，解毒疗疮。用于湿热泻痢，黄疸，带下，热淋，脚气，痿辟，骨蒸劳热，盗汗，遗精，疮疡肿毒，湿疹瘙痒。
蔓荆子：辛、苦，微寒。归膀胱、肝、胃经。功能主治：疏散风热，清利头目。用于风热感冒头痛，齿龈肿痛，目赤多泪，目暗不明，头晕目眩。
枸杞子：甘，平。归肝、肾经。功能主治：滋补肝肾，益精明目。用于虚劳精亏，腰膝酸痛，眩晕耳鸣，内热消渴，血虚萎黄，目昏不明。
天冬：甘、苦，寒。归肺、肾经。功能主治：养阴润燥，清肺生津。用于肺燥干咳，顿咳痰黏，咽干口渴，肠燥便秘。
本发明还提供了一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：按处方取：石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的5～8倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的4～6倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.05～1.26(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成50目～100目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成任何可药用的剂型。
上述所述的药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料选自：甘露醇、山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、蛋氨酸、维生素C、EDTA二钠、EDTA钙钠，一价碱金属的碳酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐或其水溶液、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、乳酸钠、木糖醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右旋糖苷、甘氨酸、淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、土温80、琼脂、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、环糊精、β-环糊精、磷脂类材料、高岭土、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
优选地，上述所述的剂型是口服剂型。
优选地，上述所述的口服剂型为软胶囊剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂中的一种。
最优选地，上述所述的剂型是胶囊剂。
本发明人通过大量试验研究了该中药组合物对阴虚阳亢型干眼症患者的疗效，临床试验实施例1的试验结果显示，治疗后泪液分泌量均较治疗前显著增加，泪膜破裂时间均较治疗前显著延长，患者不适症状明显改善。因此，本发明还提供了一种制药用途，即：上述中药组合物在制备治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的中药组合物可有效增加泪液分泌量，延长泪膜破裂时间，具有平肝、育阴、清热之功，在阴虚阳亢型干眼症的治疗中取得了良好的效果。此外本发明中药组合物可制备成多种口服剂型，方便临床携带使用。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例和临床应用例，对本发明的技术方案和技术效果做进一步作描述，但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例。凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
处方：按重量份取：石决明25份、川楝子12份、地精草19份、当归14份、夏枯草17份、覆盆子11份、黄柏8份、蔓荆子10份、枸杞子24份、天冬14份、菊花11份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的7倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的5倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.12(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成80目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成胶囊剂，每粒0.25g，每粒相当于含有生药0825g。
实施例2
处方：按重量份取：石决明23份、川楝子10份、地精草18份、当归11份、夏枯草15份、覆盆子9份、黄柏7份、蔓荆子8份、枸杞子20份、天冬13份、菊花9份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的5倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的4倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.05(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成100目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成胶囊。
实施例3
处方：按重量份取：石决明28份、川楝子14份、地精草21份、当归16份、夏枯草20份、覆盆子13份、黄柏9份、蔓荆子11份、枸杞子25份、天冬16份、菊花13份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的8倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的6倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.20(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成50目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成胶囊。
实施例4
处方：按重量份取：石决明24份、川楝子13份、地精草18份、当归16份、夏枯草18份、覆盆子11份、黄柏9份、蔓荆子10份、枸杞子22份、天冬13份、菊花12份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的7倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的5倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.12(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成80目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成胶囊。
实施例5
处方：按重量份取：石决明23份、川楝子11份、地精草21份、当归16份、夏枯草17份、覆盆子11份、黄柏8份、蔓荆子8份、枸杞子25份、天冬13份、菊花12份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的6倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的5倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.17(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成50目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成任何可药用的胶囊。
实施例6
处方：按重量份取：石决明28份、川楝子10份、地精草21份、当归11份、夏枯草15份、覆盆子11份、黄柏7份、蔓荆子10份、枸杞子24份、天冬14份、菊花11份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的7倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的5倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.20(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成100目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成片剂。
实施例7
处方：按重量份取：石决明23份、川楝子14份、地精草18份、当归16份、夏枯草20份、覆盆子13份、黄柏8份、蔓荆子11份、枸杞子20份、天冬13份、菊花12份。
制备方法：按处方取石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的8倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的6倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.10(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成100目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成颗粒剂。
临床试验实施例1
1.一般临床资料：本研究病例均为2013年12月-2014年4月在我院眼科门诊就医的阴虚阳亢型干眼患者，均为双眼患疾，共80例，男性患者23例，女性患者57例；20～30岁患者20例，30～40岁患者47例，40～50岁患者13例，采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组。两组在年龄、病程、性别分布上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。
2.诊断标准：参照中国中医药管理局颁布的《中医病症诊断疗效标准》：双眼有干眼症阳性病史或自觉症状；泪液分泌试验低于5mm/5min；泪膜破裂时间小于5s；角膜荧光素染色试验阳性。中医诊断及辨证分型属于阴虚阳亢，症见：眼干涩，磨痛，畏光，视物模糊，头晕，烦躁易怒，失眠多梦，口干搜黄，便干，腰酸，舌红或紫暗苔少，脉弦细。
3.入组标准：符合干眼临床诊断标准，且辨证为阴虚阳亢；未接受过其他方法治疗且愿意配合本方法治疗者；签署知情同意书。排除以下患者：妊娠或哺乳期妇女；过敏体质或对本药过敏者；伴有角膜细菌感染或真菌感染者以及角膜营养不良者；睑缘炎、瞬目异常、眼睑位置异常等蒸发过强干眼症；合并有心血管、脑血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病及精神病患者。
4.治疗方法及观察指标：
治疗方法：治疗组服用本发明实施例1制备的中药胶囊，一日两次，每次2-4粒，联合使用羟糖甘滴眼液(H20140263，美国爱尔康眼药厂生产)，3～6次/日，滴双眼；对照组局部使用羟糖甘滴眼液(H20140263，美国爱尔康眼药厂生产)，3～6次/日，滴双眼；两组均治疗1个月后进行疗效评定。
观察项目：(1)主观症状的改善情况，(2)泪液分泌试验；(3)泪膜破裂试验；(4)角膜荧光素染色试验。
5.疗效判定标准：参照国家中医药管理局颁布的行业标准《中医病证诊断疗效标准》制定：显效：症状消失，角膜染色消退，泪液分泌试验多次测定大于10mm/5min；有效：症状减轻，角膜染色减少，泪液分泌试验多次测定泪液分泌量有所增加；无效：症状无改善，角膜染色无变化或增多，泪液分泌试验多次测定泪液分泌量未增加。
6.统计学方法：采用SPSS17.0软件进行分析，计量资料以表示，组间比较采用两独立样本t检验，组内比较用配对t检验，以P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
7.结果
7.1两组主观症状积分的比较：治疗后两组主观症状积分较治疗前均有降低，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后两组组间比较，治疗组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，见表1。
表1 两组主观症状积分的比较，分
与治疗前比较，*P＜0.05；与对照组治疗后比较，#P＜0.05。
7.2两组客观指标的比较：治疗后两组均能提高干眼患者的泪液分泌量、延长泪膜破裂时间、降低角膜染色分值，与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后两组组间比较，治疗组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，见表2。
表2 两组患者治疗前后观察指标的变化
与治疗前比较，*P＜0.05；与对照组治疗后比较，#P＜0.05。
7.3两组临床疗效比较：见表3。总有效率治疗组为92.5％，对照组为70.0％；两组比较，差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05)。
表3 两组临床疗效比较，例
小结：由此可见，治疗组患者使用本发明的中药组合物治疗后泪液分泌量均较治疗前显著增加，泪膜破裂时间均较治疗前显著延长，患者不适症状消失，角膜荧光素染色分值显著降低。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于其由以下重量份数的药材制成：石决明23-28份、川楝子10-14份、地精草18-21份、当归11-16份、夏枯草15-20份、覆盆子9-13份、黄柏7-9份、蔓荆子8-11份、枸杞子20-25份、天冬13-16份、菊花9-13份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于其由以下重量份数的药材制成：石决明25份、川楝子12份、地精草19份、当归14份、夏枯草17份、覆盆子11份、黄柏8份、蔓荆子10份、枸杞子24份、天冬14份、菊花11份。
3.如权利要求1和2所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于其制备方法包括以下步骤：按处方取：石决明、川楝子、地精草、当归、夏枯草、覆盆子、黄柏、蔓荆子、枸杞、天冬、菊花加水煎煮提取2次，第一次加水量为药材总重量份的5～8倍，第二次加水量为药材总重量份的4～6倍，每次煎煮时间为1～2小时，合并提取液，过滤，静置，取上层清夜，减压浓缩成相对密度1.05～1.26(60℃)的稠膏，干燥后粉碎并过筛成50目～100目的细粉，加入药学上可接受的载体或/和辅料，按照常规工艺可以制成任何可药用的剂型。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于所述的剂型是口服剂型。
5.如权利要求4所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于所述的口服剂型优选为软胶囊剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂中的一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物，其特征在于所述的口服剂型优选为胶囊剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的中药组合物在制备治疗阴虚阳亢型干眼症的药物中的应用。
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