CN104379323A - 使用专用构造平台和驱动系统生产三维模型的装置 - Google Patents
使用专用构造平台和驱动系统生产三维模型的装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在连续处理中生产三维模型的装置及其方法,该装置包括:构造表面,其具有沿移动方向的第一端部和沿移动方向的第二端部;至少一个配料装置以及至少一个固化单元,其特征在于,所述构造表面被设计成输送较重部件并且部件能够在基本不失真的情况下在构造表面上输送。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用层覆(layering)技术在水平传送装置上连续生产三维模型的系统。
背景技术
在目前用于基于计算机数据生产三维物件的层覆方法中,使用其中平台(构造平台)在处理开始时放置在最上方位置的方法,该平台可以至少沿垂直方向移动并且需要时被容器包围并由此形成工作盒。构造材料、例如在3D打印或激光烧结情况下为颗粒材料形式的物质然后以薄层形式涂覆到此平台的整个区域上。在另一步骤中,材料根据期望的部件形状在物理或化学固化装置的帮助下选择性地结合(bound)。此结合步骤例如可以使用粘结剂进行,该粘结剂可以在喷墨技术的帮助下打印。平台然后降低一个层厚并涂覆颗粒材料新层。
重复这些步骤,直到构造出期望的结构体,即,已经涂覆并固化所有需要的层。容器在这些步骤中相继填充有颗粒材料,部分颗粒材料结合到期望的结构体,而剩余的保持疏松并且在构造处理过程中用作用于待构造物件的突出部件的支撑介质。
在完成层覆处理之后,接下来是可能需要的等待时间段,疏松颗粒材料可以另外方式提取或移出并释放(discharge)期望物件。
在此情况下可以使用环形、水平层进给器来连续生产部件。
在用于逐层构造模型的传统系统中,从上到下垂直地逐层生产部件。
当达到系统的最大构造高度时,必须停止构造处理以接下来移出系统中的部件并且由此生成用于构造处理的空间,或者必须在更换系统的帮助下插入另一个构造框架以能够因此开始新的构造处理。因此,在尺寸和生产效率方面限制了部件的构造。
在已知的“连续3D打印”方法中,例如在连续传送带上沿水平方向进行层进给。
重力妨碍垂直于层进给来涂覆层,这就是以某一角涂覆各个层的原因。以如此方式选择该角,使得其小于对应颗粒材料的特定休止角。
层覆处理随后是封闭的传送线,其长度适应于基于方法的硬化持续时间。在传送线的端部处,成品部件进入移出区域。此处,部件释放未结合的颗粒材料并且在不需要中断其他部件生产的情况下移出。
在连续方法中,可以使用不同工具和方法进给部件,例如使用连续传送带。
连续传送带一般是由柔性材料(例如,纺织品)制成的闭环带,其在每一端部环绕滚筒,以反转行进方向。两个滚筒中的至少一个驱动传送带。在滚筒之间,带必须支撑面上方拉紧,以避免下垂。在传送带一定宽度上方或一定量颗粒材料的进料的上方,传送带和支撑表面之间的摩擦接合足够大,使得可以产生黏滑效应或者驱动可以完全失效。
此外,链带式传送器是公知的,其能够适应非常高的负载。此类型的链带式传送机以与传送带相同的方式驱动。驱动滚筒或回转滚筒位于闭环链带式传送器的每一端部处。如果链带式传送器以此方式驱动,导致不均匀的进给。这是因为板以多边形的方式展开。同时,各个链带的轴承可证实对污染物敏感。如果链带没有彼此完美地邻接,构造材料可能通过接合处进入到两个板之间的空间并损害柔性连接的运行。另外,颗粒材料可能通过接合处不受控制地丢失,这可能导致颗粒材料的进料的缺陷并且由此导致部件中的缺陷。
链带式传送机是另外的选择。链带式传送机能够适用高负载并且以与传送带相同的方式驱动。驱动滚筒或回转滚筒位于闭环链带式传送器的每一端部处。如果链带式传送器以此方式驱动,导致不均匀的进给。这是因为板以多边形的方式展开。同时,各个链带的轴承可证实对污染物敏感。如果链带没有彼此完美地邻接,构造材料可能通过接合处进入到两个板之间的空间并损害柔性连接的运行。另外,颗粒材料可能通过接合处不受控制地丢失,这可能导致颗粒材料的进料的缺陷并且由此导致部件中的缺陷。
还公知使用在进给单元中从仓库进给的各个板。在此情况下,构造时间取决于各个板的数量或长度。只有当构造平台在构造处理的终止处(end)自动回转到仓库中,可以进行连续构造。这在技术上比较复杂,因为板尤其必须干净,以用于重复使用。已经证明难以实现新板的无震和密集放置。此构造装置的概念此外必须改变到涂布机不再能够行进到构造平面下方的程度。
在逐层构造庞大且复杂的模型(部件)的连续处理中使用的已知进给装置由此遇到大量的问题。直到现在,没有适于生产较大且较重的模型并且避免上述缺点的装置和方法。
因此,需要提供一种逐层构造模型的装置和方法,通过其可以生产、优选在连续处理中生产较大且较重部件,并且其满足优选的精确要求,或者通过其可以至少部分地改善或完全避免现有技术中的缺点。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种优选在连续处理中生产三维模型的装置,该装置包括:构造表面,其具有沿移动方向的第一端部和沿移动方向的第二端部;至少一个配料装置以及至少一个固化单元,其特征在于,所述构造表面被设计成输送较重部件并且部件可以在基本不失真的情况下在构造表面上输送。在提供旋转操作的优选实施例中,第一端部理解为处理的起始,第二端部理解为处理的终止或优选为拆封位置或拆封操作。
本发明已经有利地成功提供驱动器,其尤其在连续处理中适于生产庞大并且较重部件,用于使用倾斜打印逐层构造模型,并且其按照要求在不失真的情况下便于精确生产。
因此本发明提供一种装置和方法,通过其可以在连续层覆方法(倾斜打印)中精确生产特别重的部件,且其避免或至少显著改善现有技术的缺点。在一个优选实施例中,批量进行工作。
如上所述,在输送颗粒材料方面存在不同选择。但是,这些系统在重负载下的移动精确度方面都具有严重问题。因此,传送带必须在至少两个回转辊上引导,驱动器在传送方向上适度地集成到后回转辊中。由于带的松弛性,带的移动精确度在此位置将最高并且在另一端部相应地最低。但是,这就是进行层覆的地方,即带移动必须精确的位置。
在本发明的装置和本发明方法的帮助下,当生产重的部件时,现在可以彻底向前移动进料并且实现没有失真的精确进给。在本发明的帮助下,有利于避免在已知方法和其中使用的系统中由于驱动器中的松弛而产生的不利失真。因此,使得可以通过连续处理中的层覆精确生产较重部件。
在本发明的优选装置中,构造表面是水平、连续和/或开环传送带或其设计为旋转平台或步进传送器。
构造表面-以及因此具体的模型或部件-的第一端部和第二端部优选可以基本相同速度和相同进给传送。
更优选的装置的特征在于,构造平台的第一端部和第二端部之间进给的偏差小于1mm、优选小于0.5mm、更优选小于0.3mm。
本发明的优选装置的特征可以在于,传送带依靠在连续和/或侧向辊上并且在其上运行。
本发明的装置的特征可以进一步在于,传送带具有至少一个中间支撑件,支撑件优选包括气垫和/或摩擦轴承和/或辊和/或地球轮(ball caster)。
传送带可以具有优选由铰链连接的各个链带,链带具有由涡轮或引导装置驱动的夹持元件。
夹持元件可以在可水平定位或震荡或旋转的夹持器和/或带倒刺的钩和/或磁体和/或真空夹持器的帮助下进行夹持和定位。
传送带的一个区域可以通过固体的摩擦接合或粘合在可升降的基体上输送。
传送带优选由至少一个连续辊驱动或者在两侧由至少两个侧向辊驱动。
在另一个优选装置中,传送带的一个区域通过磁场输送。
装置的构造平台还可以被自动驱动、优选在吊轨上被自动驱动,或自由运动。
装置中所包含的铰链优选仅仅具有垂直于传送方向的有限的可动性。
辊轮轨优选被添加到装置。
本发明的装置的更优选特征在于,设置用于涂覆构造材料的水平、可移动的构造表面,并且构造空间围绕构造表面布置,在构造表面上,通过线性引导器安装用于颗粒材料的至少一个配料装置和用于颗粒材料的固化单元,以及沿Z向、即相对于传送装置某个角设置水平构造表面,其中,该角小于构造材料的休止角。此角优选小于30度。
本发明的另一方面是所谓的用于构造部件的“圆锥打印机”的装置。具体而言,其功能从图10a至10c明显看出。
本发明意义上的圆锥打印机能够在从内侧到外侧的旋转和向外取向的运动中通过层覆颗粒材料在构造平台上构造部件。
根据3D方法进行部件的生产,即,在第一步骤中涂覆颗粒材料层,并且以已知方式在第二步骤进行颗粒材料的选择性固化。连续进行颗粒材料的涂覆,涂布机(1)完成环形路线,以层覆颗粒材料。固化单元(2)跟随涂布机(1)的此路线并且确保颗粒材料的选择性固化以及因此确保部件的生产。
可以有利地在一个构造平台上同时或批量生产多个部件。
可以选择构造平台的尺寸,使得能够生产较重部件。此优选设计因此也实现多个部件的不失真生产的目的。
使用圆锥打印机的特别优点在于,可以在不失真的情况下生产较大并且较重部件,以及可以在高精确度情况下批量生产多个部件。
本发明还涉及一种在连续处理中生产三维模型的方法,其包括如下步骤:a.在第一位置中,在构造平台上逐层构造模型,涂覆第一层;b.在构造层之后,在供给器的帮助下将模型从第一位置转移到第二位置,具有第一前端部和第二后端部的构造平台与模型一起输送;c.在构造平台上,在模型上构造另一层;d.将构造平台上的模型转移到另一个位置;重复步骤a-d,转移优选通过步进传送器进行,步进传送器优选具有升降栅和推动栅。
在本发明的用于生产三维模型的方法中,构造平台上的模型在不失真的情况下从第一位置转移到第二位置。
本发明的用于生产三维模型的方法的特征在于,构造平台和模型在构造平台的第一端部和第二端部之间的基本没有偏差进给中从第一位置均匀地转移到第二位置以及任何其他位置。
从第一位置到第二位置和任何其他位置在构造平台的第一端部和第二端部之间的进给偏差优选小于1mm、优选小于0.5mm、最优选小于0.3mm。
当生产较大和较重部件时,具体而言,用于连续方法的装置的水平输送装置的要求尤其苛刻,以获得部件的尺寸准确和精确的再生产。
在此情况下,由砂或颗粒材料制成的疏松涂覆进料的每一个新的层必须定位一些微米(例如,80μm)。进料仅仅具有有限的稳定性并且可以重达几吨。
本发明的装置或本发明的传送系统优选特征在于一个或所有以下特征:
-连接进给(连续传送)
-无振动进给
-在一些微米(例如,1μm)的范围中的高定位精确度
-在高负载(高达几吨的拉伸负载)下沿传送方向的高刚性
-沿垂直方向的高刚性(高达几吨的重量负载)
-支撑表面对构造材料(例如,研磨砂/颗粒材料或侵蚀溶剂)的抗污染性
-防止构造材料流掉的支撑表面密度
-无黏滑效应
-几乎不停止操作的最小维护
-成本有效的构造
本发明有利地综合了上述特征或者至少部分综合了上述特征,并且因此提供了用于逐层构造模型的有利装置和方法,避免或至少部分改善了已知装置和方法的缺点。
具体而言,在负载耐受性和定位精确度方面,本发明提供了优越的装置和方法。
本发明的装置例如可以用于由型砂生产铸造模型,其中,颗粒材料的进料的尺寸以及由此的重量非常高。
本发明的一个方法在于使用链带式传送器。各个链带由专用铰链连接的链带式传送机尤其适于此情况。铰链具有止动部,其导致链带式传送器从平面仅仅能够沿一个方向(此情况下向下)弯曲或滚降。其在其他方向上(此情况下向上)是刚性的。由此防止链带式传送器的下垂,并且获得仅仅具有轻微偏差或仅仅轻微失真的均匀进给。
在一个特优选实施例中,此链板放置在辊轮轨上并且通过摩擦接合驱动。辊轮轨是多个辊或圆筒的装置。可以驱动一个、多个或所有辊。如果驱动所有辊,得到链带式传送器的均匀进给。因为驱动链带式传送器的整个构造空间,带不经受任何拉伸负载。带因此在操作过程中不能够拉长并且排除了黏滑效应。如果链带式传送器具有铰链,此并没有任何负面影响。
此类型的驱动器还确保了精确定位,因为在板已经获得水平对准的点处进行驱动。在本发明中不产生已知系统中发生的多边形效应。
各个辊或圆筒可以优选通过诸如齿形带、驱动带、链、齿形轮或涡轮的耦合元件同步。如果辊由驱动带、齿形带或链连接,链带式传送器也可以直接依靠在驱动带、齿形带或链上。特别宽的带需要刚性圆筒或具有较大直径的圆筒支撑。随着圆筒直径增大,各个圆筒之间的距离也增大。具有低内在刚性的链板在圆筒之间可能下垂。
由此可以合理地将驱动器仅仅附接到链带式传送器的两侧并且在侧驱动器之间分别支撑自由悬挂的链带。
具有良好滑动性能的所有刚性支撑表面适于作为支撑件。这些例如是如下部件:
-辊轮轨
-轴承滚道(ball track)
-滑动材料(例如,塑料、有色重金属)
-气垫
-各个链带的液体动力轴承
-各个链带的液体静压轴承
原则上,也可以为每个链带装备有辊或地球轮。
为了提高静摩擦力,辊也可以在侧向辊的帮助下压到驱动辊上。辊也可以设计为齿形轮。在此情况下,各个链带也可以具有可以与驱动轮接合的齿形轮廓。
如果使用链带式传送器,例如也可以将各个或所有链带的底侧装配有圆形驱动元件。驱动元件然后在涡轮或导引轮的帮助下夹持并且前进需要的层厚。
如果各个链带装配有驱动元件,也可以使用反转线性驱动器,其通过夹持器重复夹持并定位驱动元件。此装置也可以提供有使用简单装置的非常刚性的设计。
原则上,类似于单向轴承,也可以使用弹簧支撑的带倒刺的钩来取代主动夹持器。
可切换的真空夹持器或磁体或钩-环固定器也是合适的。它们也可以如此方式插入,使得它们以旋转或震荡方式与带接合。优选的位置然后在链内。
本发明特优选的实施例在于,在步进传送器的帮助下使用不连续的传送线。传送的材料在不连续步骤中沿整个长度移动。此类型的传送装置的一个优选形式包括四连杆机构形式的杠杆系统,其在连接点中的一个处以旋转运动驱动。刚性支撑表面定位在距离杠杆装置一定距离的一侧。在输送材料在支撑表面上的静止位置时,开始移动顺序。当四连杆机构旋转时,装置的杠杆将接收输送材料的负载,升降输送材料并且在经过不连续轨迹后将其放下回到支撑表面上。在处理开始之前,输送材料必须在支撑表面上行进一定水平距离。
在本发明的意义下,“步进传送器”应按照如下理解:逐层构造模型或部件并在步进传送装置的帮助下将其从第一位置转移到第二位置,逐步持续或重复此处理,并且部件由此被逐步层覆。在纵向方向上进行此处理也是可以的。可选地,步进传送装置或方法可以如此方式设计,使得重复进行从位置1到位置2以及然后回到位置1等。根据本发明,步进传送器可以用于在不失真的情况下转移具有几百千克到几百吨重的部件。基于层构造的装置和方法,每次转移的进给可以从几厘米到几米。进给或转移速度可以为0.5-20米/分钟或每个循环0.1-15分钟。步进传送器可以具有包括导引辊的固定框架、升降辊上的移动框架和驱动器。为获得进给或升降的目的,驱动器可以具有机械、气动或液动设计。例如,移动框架在起始位置降低,在例如液压装置的帮助下,构造板和待构造的模型降低到固定框架上(第一位置)并沿一个方向向前移动,以在转移后再次降低(第二位置)。此工序然后可以周期性地重复。构造板在移动方向上的起始和终止处升高并再次降低。转移处理可以从中央单元、例如计算机控制,并且与诸如涂覆层并选择性固化或选择性涂覆的用于层覆部件的其他部件和工作步骤相配合。
此类型方法的优点在于,传送系统的简单结构、在整个长度上支撑和移动输送材料的能力。另外,结构可以设计成非常耐由于输送材料的重量的负载引起的下垂。
如果此类型的多杠杆系统彼此相邻构造,也可以可靠地传送更大宽度的负载。输送材料的唯一要求是:其必须足够坚硬,以渡过(bridge)自由支撑方式的杠杆系统之间的距离。在诸如调色板(palette)的载具系统的帮助下,也可以输送柔性或脆性输送材料。如果输送材料将水平移动,没有任何垂直移动,杠杆系统可以装配有线性致动器来取代旋转驱动器。换而言之,输送材料再次依靠在杠杆上。另一个杠杆垂直于传送方向逆着输送材料移动。第一杠杆然后降低,并且第二杠杆接收负载并将其沿传送方向偏移不连续长度。第一杆杆然后逆着输送材料再次升高并且接收负载,而第二杆杆降低以移动回到初始位置。为了更好地分配重负载,此类型的杠杆系统可以包括并排定位的多个杠杆,其如两个栅一样彼此啮合。因为杠杆为了降低摩擦的原因彼此之间应该具有一定距离,如果在此情况下输送材料具有小部件,则覆盖范围必须在杠杆之间的间隙上。这例如可以通过放下衬托(foil)来实现。如果输送材料是高密度颗粒材料,如在此情况下,衬托必须仅仅为可伸长的,因为重力足以将衬托保持在适当位置。衬托可以在带形式的装置上连续导引以及在衬托滚动和非滚动机械的帮助下在装置的两端部处导引。
在另一个优选实施例中,通过链板进行密封,链板在杠杆机械上导引。
由可升降栅构成的升降/推动装置已经证明对输送链板或传送带尤其有利。
栅由沿进给方向取向的平行板或杆组装。
至少两个栅以如此方式彼此接合,使得每个栅垂直定位并且能够运载链板。两个栅中的至少一个彼此以如此方式定位,使得其可以沿进给方向移动。
在构造处理期间,两个栅在线性致动器(例如,气动滚筒、主轴)的帮助下全程延伸,使得它们定位在相同高度并且均运载传送带(链板)。为了输送,一个栅向下移动,使得仅仅运载传送带(链板)的栅是通过另一个致动器(推动栅)能够沿进给方向将其定位的那个。一旦栅将传送带(链板)沿推动方向定位,则另一栅(升降栅)移出。当升降栅开始休息时,推动栅再次向下移动并接着返回到其垂直的初始位置。
原则上,推动栅的再定位也可以在多个单独步骤之后沿推动方向进行,如果线性致动器的行进距离允许这样的话。在此情况下,仅仅在已经完成多个单独步骤之后,推动栅降低并且返回到起始位置。例如由于线性致动器反向运行,为了降低定位错误,此工序可以是有利的。
此系统在传送带方面是绝对刚性的并且沿两个进给方向可以进行精确定位。
本系统的另一个优点在于其在进给方向以及相对其横向方向上的容易可扩展性,例如通过加宽栅或将多个系统成排布置。
结构可以优选具有栅并且也可以仅仅升降推动栅或推动平台最低限度量。此情况下的最小限度升降是指升降推动栅或推动平台仅仅直到重力在推动栅和传送带之间产生相应的摩擦接合。推动栅或推动平台接着水平定位传送带。如果传送带相对于传送方向横向下垂,在某些环境下,其可能不能彻底升降。剩余的支撑区域然后优选设计成具有良好的滑动性能。在这些区域中,气垫或辊可以安装在链板自身上或在支撑表面上。
通过摩擦接合或形状配合(类似于齿形带)驱动的传送带也适合于高达一定宽度。这也可以将驱动元件并入到柔性传送带中。并入到带中的导电线圈也是可以的,使得整个带通过类似于三相电机的自感驱动。
为了避免尤其是宽带的下垂,可以相对于进给方向横向地并入内在刚性插件。
本发明的另一个选择是将颗粒材料的进料涂覆到各个板上。板可以在如链带式传送器(见上)的相同输送系统的帮助下移动。为了连续构造,必须确保构造板在拆封后输送回到起始点。这可以在机械手或传送带的帮助下完成。
但是,也可以在轨道系统上输送各个板。
板例如可以分别支撑在辊或气垫上并且输送到系统中。
为了自动化,每个板可以装配有其自身的智能驱动器。具体构造方案上的所有信息可以存储在其中,并且其可以与构造装置和仓库进行通信。
上述方法也可以用于在辊上滚上滚下的传送带和链带式传送器。此类型的设计有利地运行不间断的操作。
为了存储尽可能多的部件,也可以使用螺旋式传送带,类似于螺旋式冷冻机中的那些。
原则上,衬托或片形式的开环和闭环带也可以用于密封链板。这些密封带可以开环或闭环方式通过辊插入。
也可以想象到在其上沿切线方向涂覆材料圆锥的旋转板。
也可以在旋转板上生产截头椎体。涂布机和用于选择性固化的工具(例如打印头)与板的旋转运动同步地沿轴向远离旋转轴线移动。
在根据本发明通过3D打印生产部件的一个特别优选装置或方法中,涂布机和用于选择性固化的固化单元与环形构造平台结合(见图12)。第一端部和第二端部应以如此方式理解,使得存在进行颗粒材料涂覆的处理开始(第一端部)以及存在完成部件或成品部件优选拆封的处理终止(第二端部)。在处理中可以在化学方法的帮助下(在化学黏合剂的帮助下进行选择性固化)以及使用诸如选择性激光烧结或激光熔融(SLS,SLM)的方法进行选择性固化。环形构造平台也可以与用于诸如熔融沉积成型(FDM)以及其他本领域一般技术人员公知的用于将材料选择性涂覆到预定区域的方法的材料的选择性涂覆的装置结合。
本发明的优选装置或生产方法具有其他优点,在单个旋转构造平台上生产多个部件,并且部件因此不需要改变其在构造平台上的位置,由此也可以进行不失真的生产。具体而言,当生产较大和较重部件时,这是有利的。该方法可以批量或连续进行。在连续操作过程中,使用本领域一般技术人员公知的装置的连续拆封操作的方法步骤与其他装置部件和方法步骤结合并且与其协调。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明的优选结构,其包括闭环传送带(例如,链带式传送器)(7)和开环(open)密封带(6)。传送带能够承受较大重量的颗粒材料饼,而覆盖带展开并且应该仅仅防止传送带与颗粒材料饼进行接触。传送带从辊中展开并且在传送带后方再次卷起来。传送带可以通过传送带上的摩擦接合或通过绕紧(winding up)来进给。
图2示出本发明的优选链带式传送器,其包括仅允许一个方向上的可动性的铰链。链带式传送器在此情况下通过辊轮轨移动。可以驱动仅一个、多个或所有辊。
图3a示出本发明的优选输送单元,其包括传送带(7)(优选为如图2所示的链带式传送器),传送带通过驱动辊(14)侧向驱动并且在中间支撑在小辊(15)上。
图3b示出相似结构,其中传送带(7)的整个宽度依靠在连续的驱动辊(17)上。为了在驱动辊(14)或驱动滚筒(17)和传送带(7)之间获得更好的摩擦接合,压辊(13)将传送带压到驱动辊(14)或驱动滚筒(17)上。
图4a和4b示出本发明的优选结构,其中驱动辊(14)由共用的驱动带(18)驱动。传送带(7)然后可以依靠在驱动带上并且额外地进行支撑。在图4a中,传送带(7)的中间支撑在例如由塑料制成的滑动元件(19)上。在图4b中,传送带的中间由气垫(20)支承(carry)。
图5a到5c示出本发明的结构,其包括在每个链带上具有夹持元件(22)的链带式传送器(7)。重复夹持并定位夹持元件的夹持器经过链带式传送器的下方。顺序是夹持并定位(图5a)、打开夹持器(图5b)、返回并再夹持链带(图5c)。
图6还示出本发明的结构,其根据本发明包括在每个链带上具有夹持元件(22)的链带式传送器(7)。在此情况下,夹持元件(22)由旋转涡轮驱动器(24)定位。
图7示出本发明优选进给系统的斜视图,其包括根据本发明的升降栅。
图8a到图8c示出图7的进给系统根据本发明在不同情况下从前方和从侧方的顺序。
图8a示出当升降栅(26)和推动栅(27)两者承载传送带时的起始位置。在图8a中,升降栅(26)已经伸展并且推动栅(27)接着下降。
在图8b中,升降栅(26)已经下降使得仅仅推动栅(27)承载传送带(7)。推动栅(27)然后将传送带(7)移动到其下一个位置。
在降低状态下,推动栅(27)返回到其起始位置,如图8a所示。
图9示出本发明具有自驱动构造平台(31)的优选结构。它们移动到构造装置(32)中。
图10a到10c示出本发明的另外优选实施例。在此情况下,进料不是线性生产而是旋转生产。处理在第一位置或端部开始,在第二位置或端部结束。图10b是图10a从上方观察的视图。图10c是图10b的本发明圆锥打印机的截面A-A的侧视图。(33)表示涂布机(1)和固化单元(2)向外取向的移动,其用方向箭头表示,该方法在构造平台(34)上进行,并且在固化后,生成颗粒材料的进料(3)以及生产诸如部件(5)的部件。为此,旋转圆形构造平台(34)同时涂布机(1)和打印轴线远离旋转轴线移动。涂布机(1)相对于上述本发明的其他优选装置旋转90°并且可以连续操作。固化单元(2)也可以连续工作,由此以此方式在一个操作(批次)中在一个构造平台(34)上生产多个部件。构造圆锥体(21)可以用于启动该系统。可以基于颗粒材料改变阿尔法角,并且由此可选地适应使用的具体颗粒材料。此类型装置需要用于待产部件的模型的不仅线性上的而且极坐标上的歪斜数据。圆锥打印机和构造平台以及整个装置的尺寸可以如此方式选择,使得可以在不失真情况下生产非常小或非常大和较重部件。
图11示出本发明的优选构造装置(32),其端部连接包括辊轮轨(35)的拆封区域。成品部件直接沉积到辊轮轨上。疏松颗粒材料可以在辊之间流掉并且因此支撑拆封。辊轮轨可以被驱动或者其可以被动运行。
图12示出本发明具有旋转构造平台(34)的优选构造装置。涂布机(1)和固化单元(2)仅仅平移地移动,而构造平台(34)连续逐层旋转并且由此连续构造起材料进料(3)。在另一个优选实施例中,图12中的装置可以如此构造,使得其与拆封工作站或任意位置的拆封操作结合。成品部件(5)移位到构造平台(34)的内部、外部、下方或上方的位置(36),并且同时或在另一个工作步骤中释放剩余的疏松的颗粒材料。处理开始于第一位置或端部,例如第一颗粒材料涂覆的点处,终止于第二位置或端部,例如在完成部件时或优选在拆封点处。疏松颗粒材料可以循环地再次供应到另外的连续处理。颗粒材料供应因此局限于从部件形式的循环中所移出的量以及任何不可重复利用的量。
图13a到13f示出根据步进传送器的原理具有升降栅(26)和推动栅(27)的带或链板的驱动器。推动栅(27)在前后摆动的杠杆臂上移动。升降栅(26)在回转摆动动作时升高。
图14a到14d示出根据步进传送器的原理具有升降栅(26)和推动栅(27)的带或链板的驱动器。推动栅(27)在旋转的杠杆臂上移动。
图15a到15d示出根据步进传送器的原理具有升降栅(26)和推动栅(27)的带或链板的驱动器。升降栅(26)的垂直升降与推动栅(27)的倾斜升降交替。
元件符号列表
1 涂布机
2 固化单元
3 粉饼/颗粒材料的进料
4 隧道壁
5 (待构造的)部件
6 用于覆盖带的辊
7 传送带(例如链带式传送器)
8 线性单元
9 构造空间
10 铰链连接
11 驱动滚筒
12 滚筒轴承
13 压辊
14 驱动辊
15 轴承辊
16 马达
17 传送方向
18 驱动带(例如齿形带)
19 滑动元件
20 气垫
21 夹持器
22 夹持元件
23 线性进给
24 涡轮
25 框架
26 升降栅
27 推动栅
28 线性轴承
29 用于升降栅的升降单元
30 用于推动栅的升降单元
31 自驱动构造平台
32 构造装置
33 涂布机和固化单元的移动方向
34 旋转构造平台
35 辊轮轨
36 拆封区域
Claims (20)
1.一种在连续处理中生产三维模型的装置,包括:构造表面,其具有颗粒材料的进料,所述颗粒材料的进料包括沿移动方向的第二端部和第一端部;至少一个配料装置以及至少一个固化单元,其特征在于,所述构造表面被设计成输送较重部件并且所述颗粒材料的进料可以在基本不失真的情况下在所述构造表面上输送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构造表面是设计为水平、环形和/或开环传送带,设计为旋转平台或设计为步进传送器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构造表面、包括颗粒材料的进料的所述第一端部和第二端部可以相同速度和相同进给输送。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构造平台的所述第一和第二端部之间进给的偏差小于1mm、优选小于0.5mm、更优选小于0.3mm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带依靠在连续和/或侧向辊上并且在其上行驶。
6.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带具有至少一个中间支撑件,所述支撑件优选包括气垫和/或摩擦轴承和/或辊和/或地球轮。
7.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带具有优选由铰链连接的各个链带,所述链带具有由涡轮或导引滑动件驱动的夹持元件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述夹持元件通过可水平定位或震荡或旋转的夹持器和/或带倒刺的钩子和/或磁体和/或真空夹持器夹持和定位。
9.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带的区域通过固体的摩擦接合或粘合在可升降的基体上输送。
10.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带通过至少一个连续辊驱动或者在两侧通过至少两个侧向辊驱动。
11.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传送带的区域通过磁场输送。
12.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构造平台是自动驱动的、优选是在吊轨上自动驱动的,或自由运动的。
13.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述铰链相对于传送方向横向的具有仅仅有限的可动性。
14.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,辊轮轨被添加到所述装置。
15.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,设置用于涂覆构造材料的水平、可移动构造表面,并且构造空间围绕所述构造表面布置,在所述构造空间上,通过线性引导器安装用于颗粒材料的至少一个配料装置和用于颗粒材料的固化单元,以及沿Z向、即相对于传送装置一定角度设置所述水平构造表面,其中,该角小于所述构造材料的休止角,该角优选小于30°。
16.根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构造表面绕垂直轴线旋转。
17.一种在连续处理中生产三维模型的方法,包括如下步骤:a.)在第一位置中,在构造平台上逐层构造模型,其中涂覆第一层;b.)在构造一层后,通过供给将所述模型从所述第一位置转移到第二位置,其中具有第一前端部和第二后端部的所述构造平台与所述模型一起输送;c.)在所述平台上,构造所述模型上的另一层;d.)将所述构造平台上的所述模型转移到另一位置;重复步骤a.)-d.),其中所述转移优选在步进传送器的帮助下进行,所述步进传送器优选具有升降栅和推动栅。
18.根据权利要求17所述的用于生产三维模型的方法,其特征在于,所述构造平台上的所述模型在不失真的情况下从所述第一位置转移到所述第二位置。
19.根据权利要求17所述的用于生产三维模型的方法,其特征在于,所述构造平台和所述模型在所述构造平台的所述第一端部和所述第二端部之间的基本没有偏差的进给中从所述第一位置均匀地转移到所述第二位置以及任何其他位置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的用于生产三维模型的方法,其特征在于,从所述第一位置到所述第二位置和任何其他位置在所述构造平台的所述第一端部和所述第二端部之间的进给偏差小于0.1mm、优选小于0.05mm、最优选小于0.03mm。
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CN109352987A (zh) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-19 | 南京工业职业技术学院 | 工业级无限尺寸3d打印机 |
CN111016170A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 陈正鹏 | 一种3d打印机及打印设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2013174361A1 (de) | 2013-11-28 |
US20150224718A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
US20190143608A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
KR102070922B1 (ko) | 2020-01-29 |
CN104379323B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
US10059062B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
DE102012010272A1 (de) | 2013-11-28 |
US20180345585A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
US20180326654A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
EP2855121B1 (de) | 2021-12-15 |
EP2855121A1 (de) | 2015-04-08 |
US11225029B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
KR20150023286A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
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