CN104371218A - 一种复合板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开一种复合板,包括可透光及防水的耐磨层、具有装饰图案的彩膜层及由PVC复合材料发泡成型的基层,所述耐磨层、所述彩膜层及所述基层依次结合,其中所述耐磨层、所述彩膜层及所述基层均可由PVC材料制作。本发明实施例中的基层由PVC复合材料发泡成型而得,使得复合板具有较好的防水性能及静音效果,可用作地板、天花板、门板、墙面装饰板等场合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及板材制造技术,尤其涉及一种复合板,可广泛用于地板、天花板、门板、墙面装饰板等场合。
背景技术
强化地板是一种常见的板材,普遍由四层材料复合而成,由表及里分别是:耐磨层,主要由Al2O3(三氧化二铝)组成,有很强的耐磨性和硬度;装饰层,是一层经密胺树脂浸渍的纸张,纸上印刷有仿珍贵树种的木纹或其它图案;基材层,是中密度或高密度的层压板,基本材料是木质纤维,经高温、高压处理后,有一定的防潮、阻燃性能;平衡层,是一层牛皮纸,有一定的强度和厚度,并浸以树脂,起到防潮防地板变形的作用。受选材的限制,这种强化地板的防水效果不够理想。
参见图1,现有技术还披露了一种防水地板及墙面装饰板。该防水地板及墙面装饰板10包括耐磨层20、芯层30及底层40:耐磨层20的表面设置覆盖层21,该耐磨层20通过第一防水粘合剂层22与芯层30结合;底层40通过第二防水粘合剂层21与芯层30结合。上述的耐磨层20选材包括大理石饰面、石纹饰面、橡胶、装饰塑料、油毡和乙烯基塑料等,也可用软木、竹/木与树脂合成在一起而达到防水及耐磨性能;覆盖层21选自三聚氰胺树脂、氧化铝和聚氨酯等;底层40为软木、橡胶、泡沫海绵和防水纸等;第一防水粘合剂层22、第二防水粘合剂层41选自热熔性粘胶;芯层30的主要材料为软木、竹/木粉和塑料粉,其中可加入较多的碳酸钙填料,并适量添加一定的抗氧化剂、稳定剂、染色剂、防霉剂、偶联剂、增强剂、润滑剂等辅剂。该专利文献所披露的防水地板及墙面装饰板增加了多种防水层及防水材料,由此明显地改善了板材的防水性能,但其也存在结构稍嫌复杂、成本较高的问题,同时在静音效果方面也存在一定的不足。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种结构相对简单、价格相对较低的复合板,可以有效地改善复合板的防水及静音效果。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明实施例提供一种复合板,包括可透光及防水的耐磨层、具有装饰图案的彩膜层及由PVC复合材料发泡成型的基层,所述耐磨层、所述彩膜层及所述基层自上及下依次结合。
其中,所述耐磨层为PVC耐磨层、所述彩膜层为PVC彩膜层,所述PVC耐磨层和所述PVC彩膜层热压之后与所述基层结合。
其中,所述复合板包括PVC基片层,所述PVC基片层的一表面与所述PVC彩膜层热压,且所述PVC基片层的另一表面与所述基层粘合。
其中,所述PVC基片层中添加碳酸钙。
其中,所述PVC复合材料以重量份计,包括PVC混合料40~60份、轻质碳酸钙40~60份、无机/有机复合发泡剂0.8~1.2份、发泡调节剂3~5份、增韧剂2~4份、润滑剂0.8~1.2份、稳定剂1.5~2.5份及0.1份以内的少量调色粉,其中:所述PVC混合料中含有5~15份的CPVC;无机/有机复合发泡剂中的无机发泡剂与有机发泡剂的重量比为1/2~1。
其中,复合发泡剂、发泡调节剂、增韧剂、润滑剂与稳定剂之和相当于PVC混合料与轻质碳酸钙之和的10.5%~14.5%。
其中,复合发泡剂中,按偶氮二甲酰胺0.8±0.1重量份、碳酸氢钠1.0±0.1重量份配比。
其中,润滑剂中,将硬脂酸和PE蜡以接近等量的比例配置。
其中,稳定剂中,将硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌以接近等量的比例配置。
其中,所述基层的维卡软化点为95℃~110℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明实施例的复合板由耐磨层、彩膜层及基层构成,板的层数少、结构简单,有利于降低生产成本。特别地,本发明实施例的复合板中,基层由PVC复合材料发泡成型而得,这种PVC复合材料具有突出的防水性能,发泡充分后得到的气孔可以有效地进行消音,由此大大地改善了产品的防水及静音效果,有助于获得较好的市场占有率。
附图说明
图1为现有复合地板或墙面装饰板的分层结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例的复合板的分层结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中的复合板主要由耐磨层、彩膜层及基层等部分构成:耐磨层由可透光及防水的材料构成,可以是一种PVC单面磨砂片;彩膜层具有木纹或竹纹等装饰图案,选材自PVC材料等,可以使油墨印刷的PVC彩膜层;基层由PVC复合材料发泡成型而得,用以保证复合板具有良好的防水、静音效果。
需特别指出的是,普通PVC发泡材料存在较大的不足,主要表现在:(1)发泡材料使用单一发泡剂,发泡效果不够充分、均匀,不能很好地实现静音效果;(2)辅料成分不够合理,导致板材的强度、硬度、韧性不够,影响板材使用寿命;(3)在光、热等条件下容易分解,产品性能不够稳定;(4)所得工件表面容易划伤,外观效果不够理想;(5)维卡软化点,板材收缩率较高。多种不利因素的存在,大大地影响了板材的质量,由此本发明实施例对PVC复合材料的配方进行了优化,以更好地改善产品性能。
为了更好地理解本发明的技术原理及工作过程,以下结合附图及具体实施例来进一步对本发明进行详细描述。
参见图2,为本发明实施例的复合板的分层结构示意图。该复合板200主要由PVC发泡基层210和PVC层220组成,其中:
PVC发泡基层210由PVC复合材料发泡成型而得,其厚约4~5mm,四周边缘部分可以进一步设置连接扣结构,以便将相邻的复合板200快捷、无缝地进行连接。所述基层210使用了改良的PVC复合材料,具体配方参见后续部分的描述内容。
PVC层220设置在PVC发泡基层210的上面,其自上而下由PVC耐磨层221、PVC彩膜层222及PVC基片层223热压而成:PVC彩膜层222厚约0.1mm,上面印制有木纹等装饰花纹,以提高板材美观性;PVC耐磨层221厚约0.3-0.5mm,覆盖在PVC彩膜层222上,可防止彩膜层222被划伤,同时也起到防水效果;PVC基片层223厚约1.2~2mm,它与PVC彩膜层222、PVC耐磨层221热压后,再与基层210粘合。关于该复合板200不同层之间的粘合或热压工艺,可参照习知的现有技术,不展开说明。
上述实施例中,作为复合板200主体的基层210由PVC复合材料发泡成型制得,因而具有较为突出的防水性能,其发泡后的众多气孔有利于改善产品静音效果。由于复合板200的耐磨层221、彩膜层222及基片层223也主要由PVC材料构成,因而进一步提高了产品的防水性能。该复合板200防水性能优越,且板的层数少、结构简单、成本较低,可广泛用于地板、天花板、门板、墙面装饰板等场合。
上述实施例中的PVC基片层223可以添加碳酸钙或其它类似填成物料,以提高强度与硬度,来达到提高板材品质的目的。可以理解的是,在制作本发明复合板200时,也可以考虑去除上述PVC基片层223,此时PVC彩膜层222与基层210直接粘合。在未使用PVC基片层223时,可稍微增加基层210的厚度,在此不再赘述。
如前所述,本发明实施例复合板200的基层210由PVC复合材料发泡成型制得,其具有较好的防水、静音效果,同时还具有较好的强度、硬度及韧性,产品的品质及寿命大大提高。
为进一步改善复合板的产品性能,本发明实施例还进一步针对性地改进PVC复合材料,以下进行详细描述。
本发明实施例中的PVC复合材料的基本配方为:以重量份计,包括PVC混合料40~60份、轻质碳酸钙40~60份、无机/有机复合发泡剂0.8~1.2份、发泡调节剂3~5份、增韧剂2~4份、润滑剂0.8~1.2份、稳定剂1.5~2.5份及0.1份以内的少量调色粉,其中:所述PVC混合料中含有5~15份的CPVC;无机/有机复合发泡剂中的无机发泡剂与有机发泡剂的重量比为1/2~1。
按照以上物料的功能特性要求,本发明所述的PVC复合材料可选用不同的配方组合,来满足不同产品的要求,表1示出多种不同的PVC复合材料配方组合。
表1:本发明PVC复合材料配方组合
表1中的PVC复合材料组分具有以下特点:PVC(含CPVC)、轻质碳酸钙为主料,其中PVC的含量一般大于轻质碳酸钙的含量;复合发泡剂、发泡调节剂、增韧剂、润滑剂、稳定剂为辅料,它们的总量相当于主料的10.5%~14.5%;调色粉为0.1份以内,一般在对板材有颜色要求的时候少量选用。
以下对该PVC复合材料配方中各组分的作用及选型进行说明。
PVC混合料为主料,其中:作为热塑性主树脂的PVC(Polyvinyl chloridepolymer,聚氯乙烯)中加入了CPVC(氯化聚氯乙烯,又名过氯乙烯),有助于提高基层产品的维卡软化温度(Vicat Softening Temperature)。所述CPVC是由聚氯乙烯与氯气在引发作用下进行取代反应而制得的一种新型合成高分子材料,为一种白色或微黄色可流动固体粉末,其既具有PVC的很多优良性能,又有良好的阻燃性和低发烟特性,能耐大多数的酸、碱、盐,且耐热方面明显优于其它塑料(比普通PVC能提高20~40℃)。采用CPVC得到的产品尺寸安定性好,成本低,耐候性佳,加不同比例之可塑剂后可轻易调整软硬度。对于本发明实施例而言,在PVC复合材料配方中添加高维卡软化点的CPVC树脂后,可以将基层产品的维卡软化温度提高至95℃~110℃(长期使用为95℃,短期使用可达110℃),从而有助于达到降低板材收缩的目的,由此可以明显地改善产品性能。
复合发泡剂,其作用是促进原料在加热过程中形成气泡,由此形成多孔状成品,以最终达到降音/消噪的目的。本实施例中的复合发泡剂可选用市场上的一些现有产品,也可由无机发泡剂和有机发泡剂组成。在一种具体的复合调节剂中,无机发泡剂(如碳酸氢钙、碳酸氢镁、碳酸氢钠等)与有机发泡剂(如偶氮化合物、磺酰肼类化合物、亚硝基化合物等)之比约为1/2~1。更为具体的实例是,每份复合发泡剂的配比为:有机发泡剂AC(偶氮二甲酰胺)为0.8±0.1重量份,作为吸热型无机发泡剂的碳酸氢钠为1.0±0.1重量份,比例为,这就一方面改善了AC分解的突发性,另一方面也更易于制备出满足要求的成型发泡剂。使用这种改良的复合发泡剂,有助于提高发泡效率,也有助于保证发泡更为细腻、均匀。
发泡调节剂是丙烯酸酯类加工助剂,它为韧性树脂,在本发明物料中的主要作用为:促进PVC塑化;提高PVC熔体强度,防止气泡合并或破裂;保证熔体具有良好的流动性,提高制品表面光泽度。在本发明实施例中,发泡调节剂可为530系列发泡调节剂(ZD530、LS530、BZ530、PA530等,具体可参见JINHASS等公司的产品介绍),其能够显著地提高PVC熔体的压力和扭矩,从而有效增加PVC熔体的内聚力和均质性,使所得到的PVC制品更为致密。
增韧剂(toughener)为增加复合材料层柔韧性的物质,其作为塑化加工助剂,其主要作用在于提高产品韧性及抗冲击性能。本实施例中,增韧剂可以是CPE(氯化聚乙烯),也可以是ACR(聚丙烯酸酯类)等。
润滑剂作为内润滑剂,起到的主要作用是润滑复合材料的接触面,使其具有较好的流动性,由此防止工件被划伤。此处的润滑剂可由硬脂酸和PE蜡组成,其中两种成分可以按照接近等量(比值为0.95~1.05)的比例配置。该润滑剂还可以加速PVC熔融,提高熔体强度及均匀性,减少熔体破裂和渗出,且对PVC机械性能无明显不良影响。
稳定剂的主要用途是使物质减慢反应,保持化学平衡,降低表面张力,防止光、热分解或氧化分解等。在本发明中,稳定剂的主要作用是抑制PVC的分解,保证产品质量。在本发明的实施例中,稳定剂可选用金属皂类稳定剂,具体可为硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌按接近等量(0.95~1.05)的比例配置而成。
调色粉,可用钛白粉、炭黑、其他颜色的混合料来调节产品的颜色。对于现有PVC产品而言,它们多数采用添加式上色,在生产过程中可在PVC物料混合时添加色粉,经过挤出、混炼、压延后就生产出相应颜色的PVC产品。
上述配方组合均能实现防水、静音的效果,以下进一步列举具体实施例进行描述。
实施例1
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 50份(含CPVC为8份);轻质碳酸钙50份;复合发泡剂0.9份(碳酸氢钠0.5份+AC 0.4份);发泡调节剂ZD530 4.4份;增韧剂CPE 2.4份;润滑剂1.1份(硬脂酸0.55份+PE蜡0.55份);稳定剂2.1份(硬脂酸钙1.05份+硬脂酸锌1.05份);调色粉0.1份。该实施例的组分配比较为均衡,可获得较为中性(相对于其它实施例)的优良产品。
实施例2
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 48份(含CPVC为5份);轻质碳酸钙46份;复合发泡剂1份(碳酸氢钠0.5份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂ZD530 3.8份;增韧剂ACR 3.6份;润滑剂0.9份(硬脂酸0.45份+PE蜡0.45份);稳定剂2.3份(硬脂酸钙1.15份+硬脂酸锌1.15份);调色粉0.01份。该实施例基本不调色,适用于板材芯板、基板等场合。
实施例3
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 55份(含CPVC为7份);轻质碳酸钙45份;复合发泡剂1.1份(碳酸氢钠0.6份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂ZD530 4.4份;增韧剂ACR 3.2份;润滑剂1.0份(硬脂酸0.5份+PE蜡0.5份);稳定剂2.0份(硬脂酸钙1份+硬脂酸锌1份);调色粉0.04份。该实施例PVC组分明显大于轻质碳酸钙,韧性较好,强度比前述实施例略高。
实施例4
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 52份(含CPVC为10份);轻质碳酸钙51份;复合发泡剂1份(碳酸氢钠0.5份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂ZD530 3.7份;增韧剂ACR 3.1份;润滑剂1.1份(硬脂酸0.6份+PE蜡0.5份);稳定剂2.1份(硬脂酸钙1.05份+硬脂酸锌1.05份);调色粉0.03份。该实施例采用了适量的ZD530发泡调节剂,发泡效果较为满意,静音效果较好。
实施例5
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 56份(含CPVC为11份);轻质碳酸钙45份;复合发泡剂1.1份(碳酸氢钠0.5份+AC 0.6份);发泡调节剂ZD5304.4份;增韧剂CPE 3.4份;润滑剂1.2份(硬脂酸0.6份+PE蜡0.6份);稳定剂2.4份(硬脂酸钙1.2份+硬脂酸锌1.2份);调色粉0.09份。该实施例PVC比例较大,韧性十分优良。
实施例6
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 54份(含CPVC为12份);轻质碳酸钙46份;复合发泡剂1.1份(碳酸氢钠0.6份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂ZD5304份;增韧剂ACR 3份;润滑剂1份(硬脂酸0.5份+PE蜡0.5份);稳定剂2份(硬脂酸钙1份+硬脂酸锌1份);调色粉0.09份。该实施例添加了较多的调色粉,外观色泽较好。
实施例7
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 51份(含CPVC为9份);轻质碳酸钙49份;复合发泡剂1.0份(碳酸氢钠0.5份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂ZD5304.2份;增韧剂CPE 3.2份;润滑剂1份(硬脂酸0.5份+PE蜡0.5份);稳定剂2份(硬脂酸钙1份+硬脂酸锌1份);调色粉0.06份。该实施例PVC与碳酸钙组分较高,增加了产品强度与韧性。
实施例8
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 58份(含CPVC为15份);轻质碳酸钙42份;复合发泡剂1.1份(碳酸氢钠0.6份+AC 0.6份);发泡调节剂BZ5304份;增韧剂ACR 3.7份;润滑剂1.1份(硬脂酸0.5份+PE蜡0.6份);稳定剂2.5份(硬脂酸钙1.25份+硬脂酸锌1.25份);调色粉0.08份。该实施例PVC组分较多,产品韧性、延展性提高。
实施例9
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 55份(含CPVC为13份);轻质碳酸钙45份;复合发泡剂1.1份(碳酸氢钠0.6份+AC 0.5份);发泡调节剂PA5304.5份;增韧剂ACR 3.7份;润滑剂1.2份(硬脂酸0.6份+PE蜡0.6份);稳定剂2.4份(硬脂酸钙1.2份+硬脂酸锌1.2份);调色粉0.1份。该实施例PVC组分较多,产品韧性、延展性得到较大改善。
实施例10
按重量份计算,该PVC复合材料的组分为:PVC 57份(含CPVC为14份);轻质碳酸钙43份;复合发泡剂1.2份(碳酸氢钠0.6份+AC 0.6份);发泡调节剂LS5304.6份;增韧剂ACR 3.8份;润滑剂1.2份(硬脂酸0.6份+PE蜡0.6份);稳定剂2.4份(硬脂酸钙1.2份+硬脂酸锌1.2份);调色粉0.1份。该实施例在保证产品韧性、强度的基础上同时降低了成本。
本发明实施例中,针对性地优化了PVC复合材料的物料成分及配比,可以取得明显的有益效果:主要表现在:(1)合理选择无机/有机复合发泡剂及发泡调节剂,可以保证发泡效果充分、均匀,有利于较好地实现静音效果;(2)合理配置轻质碳酸钙、增韧剂,以便提高板材的强度、硬度及韧性;(3)优化稳定剂的用量,防止PVC在不利条件下分解,保持产品稳定性;(4)添加合适的润滑剂,使工件在工艺过程中具有较好的流动性,防止工件表面被划伤,产品外观较好;(5)在PVC混合物料中添加CPVC的高维卡软化点树脂,提高了PVC混合料的维卡软化点,从而降低了板材收缩率,由此可使基层在80℃、6h的检测条件下的收缩比为0.4%~0.6%。由本发明PVC复合材料得到的板材,可以有效改善产品质量,最终有助于获得较好的市场占有率。
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并不是用来限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可以做出可能的变动和修改,因此本发明的保护范围应当以本发明权利要求所界定的范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合板,其特征在于,包括可透光及防水的耐磨层、具有装饰图案的彩膜层及由PVC复合材料发泡成型的基层,所述耐磨层、所述彩膜层及所述基层自上及下依次结合。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合板,其特征在于,所述耐磨层为PVC耐磨层、所述彩膜层为PVC彩膜层,所述PVC耐磨层和所述PVC彩膜层热压之后与所述基层结合。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合板,其特征在于,所述复合板包括PVC基片层,所述PVC基片层的一表面与所述PVC彩膜层热压,且所述PVC基片层的另一表面与所述基层粘合。
4.如权利要求3所述的复合板,其特征在于,所述PVC基片层中添加碳酸钙。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合板,其特征在于,所述PVC复合材料以重量份计,包括PVC混合料40~60份、轻质碳酸钙40~60份、无机/有机复合发泡剂0.8~1.2份、发泡调节剂3~5份、增韧剂2~4份、润滑剂0.8~1.2份、稳定剂1.5~2.5份及0.1份以内的少量调色粉,其中:所述PVC混合料中含有5~15份的CPVC;无机/有机复合发泡剂中的无机发泡剂与有机发泡剂的重量比为1/2~1。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合板,其特征在于,复合发泡剂、发泡调节剂、增韧剂、润滑剂与稳定剂之和相当于PVC混合料与轻质碳酸钙之和的10.5%~14.5%。
7.如权利要求5所述的复合板,其特征在于,复合发泡剂中,按偶氮二甲酰胺0.8±0.1重量份、碳酸氢钠1.0±0.1重量份配比。
8.如权利要求5所述的复合板,其特征在于,润滑剂中,将硬脂酸和PE蜡以接近等量的比例配置。
9.如权利要求5所述的复合板,其特征在于,稳定剂中,将硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌以接近等量的比例配置。
10.如权利要求5~9任一项所述的复合板,其特征在于,所述基层的维卡软化点为95℃~110℃。
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