CN104365516B - A kind of breeding method of short estivation period stichopus japonicus - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of short estivation period stichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365516B CN104365516B CN201410685163.8A CN201410685163A CN104365516B CN 104365516 B CN104365516 B CN 104365516B CN 201410685163 A CN201410685163 A CN 201410685163A CN 104365516 B CN104365516 B CN 104365516B
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses the breeding method of a kind of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, belong to mariculture technology field.The present invention collects multiple geographical population stichopus japonicus parent, the essence ovum time controls Different population and male and female to filial generation contribution rate by controlling the row of every parent participation；Do not enter aestivation in summer high temperature season next year in growth period with 28 DEG C for node and early go out the stichopus japonicus of aestivation and select, the 3rd year growth period using 25 DEG C as the temperature nodes selected；Three generations colony cultivates continuously, it is thus achieved that have the stichopus japonicus new lines of short aestivation proterties.The present invention carries out " both-end " and " double times " screening to the stichopus japonicus aestivation time, and artificial screening enters and early goes out aestivation state stichopus japonicus, twice screening of 3 years growth and breeding cycles, shorten the stichopus japonicus aestivation time in evening.Can be obtained by this breeding method and there is the stichopus japonicus kind matter substantially shortening aestivation time merit, improve bait utilization and cultivation efficiency, improve the speed of growth, Shortening culturing period, apostichopus japonicus culture benefit is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of short aestivation stichopus japonicus strain, belong to mariculture technology field.
Background technology
Stichopus japonicus is typical temperate zone kind, is distributed in the north latitude 35 degree vast northwest Pacific bank to north latitude 44 degree, is distributed mainly on Shandong, Hebei, Deng Di coastal waters, Liaoning in China, is one of important economic species of northern China sea-farming.Stichopus japonicus has higher nutrition and medical value, it is described as the hat in ginseng, increased due to market demand in recent years, promote developing rapidly of apostichopus japonicus culture industry, one of industry that sea cucumber industry has become China's aquaculture output value in the industry, profit is the highest, annual value of production is up to 20,000,000,000 yuan at present, is the kind that China's sea-farming single variety output value is the highest.
Temperature is to affect stichopus japonicus growth, the important factor of breeding, temperature fluctuation has important impact to stichopus japonicus physiological activity, water temperature not only affects the ingesting of stichopus japonicus, metabolism and reproductive development, and stop ingesting when the too high stichopus japonicus of temperature can enter, the movable aestivation state reduced.During stichopus japonicus aestivation, alimentary canal is degenerated, and body weight also alleviates, and therefore the existence of this ecological habit has substantially delayed the speed of growth of stichopus japonicus, extends the culture-cycle, causes the biggest time and loss in revenue to propagating artificially.
About the research of stichopus japonicus, report is concentrated mainly on cultural technique and artificial propagation aspect both at home and abroad, and along with the growth of industry size, highlighting of the bottleneck problem of kind matter, more domestic scientific research institutions have carried out the correlative study in terms of stichopus japonicus kind matter.Domestic Liaoning and Shandong are respectively directed to the breeding of stichopus japonicus and have carried out certain work, rearing new variety field stichopus japonicus, only have at present the kind " water institute 1 " that Liaoning Province cultivates, be the most sub-Hybrid utilizing marine site, the Russian Far East sea of Japan stichopus japonicus introduced to carry out with DaLian, China this locality stichopus japonicus such as blue or green in 2000.This achievement show hybridize stichopus japonicus in growth rate, survive and in quality, all show bigger advantage.The work of fast-growing disease-resistant high temperature resistant stichopus japonicus prevalent variety cultivation is that current stichopus japonicus new lines cultivates Main way, is also current apostichopus japonicus culture and research field is endeavoured but yet unresolved issue always.Carry out the cultivation of stichopus japonicus new lines from shortening stichopus japonicus aestivation time angle, be to solve opening one's minds of stichopus japonicus high temperature aestivation problem in summer.
Liu Yonghongs etc. use the method that sea area investigation and laboratory test combine, have studied the aestivation of different weight stichopus japonicus, think the weight stichopus japonicus not aestivation at below 25g, and the aestivation critical-temperature of the stichopus japonicus of 25-85g, 86-160g and more than 160g is 24.1 DEG C, 22.9 DEG C and 21.8 DEG C respectively.Applicant is observing in long-term cultivation practice: weight below 25g stichopus japonicus also can aestivation, not as the conclusion of Liu Yonghong etc., and the aestivation critical-temperature of its more than 25g stichopus japonicus has reference significance.
How shortening the stichopus japonicus aestivation time is technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.In natural breeding environment, stichopus japonicus enters aestivation Time Inconsistency, is we provided thinking: utilize the stichopus japonicus difference to Acclimation temperature, cultivate short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, is the effective way solving this practical problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the breeding method of a kind of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, it is adaptable to stichopus japonicus breeding and seed rearing, improve stichopus japonicus and enter aestivation temperature, shorten the stichopus japonicus aestivation time, extend growth cycle, there is good economic benefit.
For achieving the above object, the breeding method of a kind of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the following steps:
1) collect Dalian, Yantai, three, Qingdao geographical population stichopus japonicus, choose more than whose body weight 150g, healthy wild stichopus japonicus each 100 as parent, female-male proportion 1:1.
2) parent participation is bred, and controls Different population and male and female to filial generation contribution rate by controlling the row's essence/ovum time of every parent participation；
3) filial generation indoor culture is bred to May next year to large size seedling seed, put outdoor breeding pond culture to July next year, under normal cultivating condition, offspring mean body weight can reach about 15g, when pond water temperature is slightly above aestivation critical-temperature, diving selects the individual individually pond culture the most still having defecation of wriggling and ingest movable into aestivation；Former cultivating pool water temperature continues to raise, residue filial generation stichopus japonicus enters aestivation, after the high warm season, when former pond water temperature is cooled to slightly above aestivation critical-temperature, select the stichopus japonicus i.e. coming into play and ingesting of first reviving, putting into aforementioned independent pond to cultivate, the rate of selecting and remain of two ways sum is 1%-5%.
4) the stichopus japonicus colony selected and remain continues cultivation, in July, the 3rd, under normal cultivating condition, filial generation is selected and remain colony's stichopus japonicus average weight > 60g, colony of selecting and remain continues second selecting, when pond water temperature is warming up to slightly above aestivation critical-temperature, select the independent pond culture of stichopus japonicus into aestivation；Former cultivating pool water temperature continues to raise, and residue filial generation stichopus japonicus enters aestivation, after the high warm season, when former pond water temperature is cooled to slightly above aestivation critical-temperature, selecting the stichopus japonicus first revived, put into aforementioned independent pond and cultivate, the secondary of two ways sum is selected and remain rate 5%-10%；
5) the 4th year stichopus japonicus of selecting and remain breeds, and controls male and female to filial generation contribution rate.Repeat step 2)-4)；
6) select and remain continuously and breed more than three generations, to obtaining the stichopus japonicus new lines with typical short estivation period proterties.
Can also with cultivation stichopus japonicus alternative steps 1) described in the wild stichopus japonicus of health.
Further, the described row's essence/ovum time controlling every parent participation is particularly as follows: the artificial decorporation of cold water, observe discharge essence ovum dynamic, when male stichopus japonicus just discharges sperm, sort out to put into and predetermined hatchery is continued discharge sperm, limit every stichopus japonicus drain time be 2 minutes to control every stichopus japonicus ejaculation volume, time-out is sorted out；When female stichopus japonicus just discharges ovum, put it into and predetermined hatchery continued discharge, limit time of every female stichopus japonicus discharge ovum be 10 minutes to control ovulation amount, control each 30 of the stichopus japonicus parent female, male of each geographical population simultaneously.
Further, the temperature of the slightly above aestivation critical-temperature of pond water temperature described in step 3) is 28 DEG C.
Further, the temperature of the slightly above aestivation critical-temperature of pond water temperature described in step 4) is 25 DEG C.
Present invention is characterized in that 1, stichopus japonicus parent uses Geographical distribution different groups, it is ensured that genetic diversity；2, stichopus japonicus parent breeds quantity and the row's essence ovum time controlling different parent, controls individual to offspring's contribution rate；3, the stichopus japonicus aestivation time carry out " both-end " and " double times " screening, and artificial screening enters and early goes out aestivation state stichopus japonicus, twice screening of 3 years growth and breeding cycles, shorten the stichopus japonicus aestivation time in evening；4, continuous three generations cultivates, the short aestivation proterties of firm strengthening, forms stichopus japonicus new varieties, shortens stichopus japonicus aestivation time and culture-cycle, improves apostichopus japonicus culture economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
The breeding method of a kind of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, comprises the following steps:
1) collect Dalian, Yantai, the regional physical geography colony in three, Qingdao stichopus japonicus, choose more than whose body weight 150g, healthy wildness maturation stichopus japonicus each 100 as parent participation, female-male proportion 1:1.
2) parent participation is supported temporarily, the artificial decorporation of cold water, observes discharge essence ovum dynamic, when male stichopus japonicus just discharges sperm, sorts out to put into and continues discharge sperm in predetermined hatchery, limit every stichopus japonicus drain time be 2 minutes to control every stichopus japonicus ejaculation volume, time-out is sorted out；When female stichopus japonicus just discharges ovum, put it into and predetermined hatchery continued discharge, limit time of every female stichopus japonicus discharge ovum be 10 minutes to control ovulation amount.Control each geographical population male and female stichopus japonicus row's each 30 of ovum of essence.
3) breeding filial generation indoor culture, juvenile stichopus cultivates specification routinely, and experience floating larva is cultivated, young children's ginseng is cultivated, the intermediate rearing of seed is to big specification juvenile stichopus.In May next year, big specification juvenile stichopus puts outdoor apostichopus japonicus culture pond, depth of water 1.5m, before July summer high temperature, and stichopus japonicus offspring individual average weight > 15g.Measuring chamber outer apostichopus japonicus culture pond water temperature at any time, when pond water temperature rise to 28 DEG C, observes stichopus japonicus active situation, selects into aestivation, still have wriggling and defecation activity stichopus japonicus of ingesting at the bottom of diving culturing pool, and picking individual individually cultivates；Cultivating pool continues to heat up, and stichopus japonicus enters aestivation, and after the high warm season, when Stichopus japonicus pond water temperature drops to 28 DEG C, selecting first revives comes into play and ingest stichopus japonicus, the independent pond culture of colony of selecting and remain.Select and remain rate 1%-5%
4) short estivation period stichopus japonicus colony continuation of selecting and remain cultivates, and in the 3rd year summer high temperature season, cultivates colony's stichopus japonicus average weight > 60g.Colony of selecting and remain continues second selecting, when pond water temperature rise to 25 DEG C, selects into aestivation stichopus japonicus and still to have wriggling and defecation activity stichopus japonicus of ingesting；After the high warm season, when Stichopus japonicus pond water temperature drops to 25 DEG C, select and first go out aestivation stichopus japonicus.Second selecting is selected and remain rate 5%-10%, the independent pond culture of colony of selecting and remain.
5) stichopus japonicus of selecting and remain grows full 3 years in Mays, the 4th, and short estivation period stichopus japonicus group of selecting and remain is ripe, and colony of selecting and remain breeds, breeding populations stichopus japonicus more than 300, female-male proportion 1:1, controls male and female to filial generation contribution rate.Repeat step 2)-4), select and remain continuously and breed more than three generations, to obtaining the stichopus japonicus new lines with typical short estivation period proterties.
In the present embodiment, in each reproductive process of stichopus japonicus, artificial decorporation, control the individuality as parent and different male and female individuality row's essence ovum time, it is to avoid the impact on cultivating effect skew of the difference of repoductive time and ability.The stichopus japonicus aestivation time carrying out " both-end " and " double time " screening, had both screened that to enter aestivation evening individual, to go out aestivation individual for screening early awakening again, and has carried out the high temperature seasons screening of two years to cultivating colony, effectively shortens the aestivation time.Carried out aestivation time Statistical Comparison to cultivating F2 generation 27 monthly age stichopus japonicus, cultivate strain experimental population 50% individual enter the aestivation time relatively with do not cultivate stichopus japonicus the same period and reduce 15.7%, the aestivation time significantly shortens.The acquisition of stichopus japonicus short aestivation strain, can shorten the stichopus japonicus finished product culture-cycle, reduces aquaculture cost, has good economic benefit and wide popularization breeding prospect.
Claims (3)
1. the selection of one kind short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) collect Dalian, Yantai, three, Qingdao geographical population stichopus japonicus, choose more than whose body weight 150g, healthy wild stichopus japonicus each 100 as parent, female-male proportion 1:1；
2) parent participation is bred, and controls Different population and male and female to filial generation contribution rate by controlling the row's essence/ovum time of every parent participation；
3) breeding filial generation and cultivate to July next year, under normal cultivating condition, offspring mean body weight can reach about 15g, when pond water temperature is warming up to 28 DEG C, selects the independent pond culture of stichopus japonicus into aestivation；Former cultivating pool water temperature continues to raise, and residue filial generation stichopus japonicus enters aestivation, after the high warm season, when former pond water temperature is cooled to 28 DEG C, selects the stichopus japonicus first revived, puts into aforementioned independent pond and cultivate, and the rate of selecting and remain of two ways sum is 1%-5%；
4) the stichopus japonicus colony selected and remain continues cultivation, in July, the 3rd, and under normal cultivating condition, filial generation is selected and remain the average weight of colony > 60g, colony of selecting and remain continues second selecting, when pond water temperature is warming up to 25 DEG C, selects the independent pond culture of stichopus japonicus into aestivation；Former cultivating pool water temperature continues to raise, and residue filial generation stichopus japonicus enters aestivation, after the high warm season, when former pond water temperature is cooled to 25 DEG C, selects the stichopus japonicus first revived, puts into aforementioned independent pond and cultivate, and the secondary of two ways sum is selected and remain rate 5%-10%；
5) the 4th year stichopus japonicus of selecting and remain breeds, and controls male and female to filial generation contribution rate, repetition step 2)-4)；
6) select and remain continuously and breed more than three generations, it is thus achieved that there is the stichopus japonicus new lines of typical short estivation period proterties.
The selection of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stichopus japonicus alternative steps 1 to propagate artificially) described in the wild stichopus japonicus of health.
The selection of short estivation period stichopus japonicus strain the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) described in the row's essence/ovum time controlling every parent participation particularly as follows: the artificial decorporation of cold water, observe discharge essence ovum dynamic, when male stichopus japonicus just discharges sperm, sort out to put into and predetermined hatchery is continued discharge sperm, limit every stichopus japonicus drain time be 2 minutes to control every stichopus japonicus ejaculation volume, time-out is sorted out；When female stichopus japonicus just discharges ovum, put it into and predetermined hatchery continued discharge, limit time of every female stichopus japonicus discharge ovum be 10 minutes to control ovulation amount, control each 30 of the stichopus japonicus parent female, male of each geographical population simultaneously.
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| CN106259067B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-03-01 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | A kind of selection of high temperature resistant stichopus japonicus strain |
| CN115948577B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-08-22 | 山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站 | Breeding method of high-temperature-resistant sea cucumber |
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| CN101091458A (en) * | 2007-07-08 | 2007-12-26 | 李成林 | Method for breeding fast growing bechedemer |
| CN101617639A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2010-01-06 | 中国海洋大学 | Seed production method of white strain stichopus japonicus |
| CN102687694B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-05-14 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Breeding method for excellent new strain of stichopus japonicus |
| CN103181354B (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-04-01 | 蓬莱市天保海水养殖有限公司 | Winter and summer temporary breeding method of stichopus japonicus using geothermal water for protecting postlarvae |
| CN103461224B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | The system of selection of seed ginseng in stichopus japonicus crossbreeding |
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