CN104355714B - A kind of straw compost method - Google Patents
A kind of straw compost method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104355714B CN104355714B CN201410670662.XA CN201410670662A CN104355714B CN 104355714 B CN104355714 B CN 104355714B CN 201410670662 A CN201410670662 A CN 201410670662A CN 104355714 B CN104355714 B CN 104355714B
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- Prior art keywords
- stalk
- heap
- stack retting
- water
- compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
A kind of straw compost method, including stack retting and heap rotten two stages, in the stack retting stage, build stack retting hole, then stalk is put in stack retting hole, every 50cm thickness stalk adds dwarf soil, by stalk heap to 1.5 2 meters above ground level, form heap top surrounding high, umbilicate stalk heap, then from stalk heap top casting water, the underground water to stalk heap body is full；Then top adds soil covering, and the stack retting time is 45 70 days；In the heap corruption stage, stack retting stalk in hole being turned to ground, heap is in heaps, carries out half aerobic composting to becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the heap corruption time is 30 50 days；Stalk overstrike is to pitchy, and when stalk residuum is wet, softness is easily broken, the most broken time air-dried, is composting production.Composting technology of the present invention divides early stage stack retting, later stage heap rotten two stages.Stalk stack retting makes stalk fully absorb water and reduces compost volume, and is opened by the stalk wax layer ester bond not absorbed water by retting, promotes the decomposition of stalk；Later stage half is aerobic becomes thoroughly decomposed, and generates Humus material, it is ensured that compost quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural stalk resources technology field, be specifically related to a kind of straw compost method.
Background technology
The problems such as straw directly returning to field can cause SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN ratio imbalance, organic acid to accumulate, farming sowing is difficult, growing way of newly emerging is the most prosperous.It is incinerated to crop harvesting a large amount of stalk in season or arbitrarily abandons every year, become serious social and environmental problems.Straw compost is that agricultural crop straw becomes high-quality fertilizer, not only solves agricultural wastes straw, moreover it is possible to produce high-quality fertilizer, improves soil, increases soil fertility, preserve the ecological environment, the most significant to national food security and agricultural sustainable development.But promote straw compost technology at present and there is a lot of problem, the problem of being primarily present has: 1, straw compost is successfully it is crucial that stalk to be allowed fully absorbs water, water content 60-70% to be reached, and the stalk such as wheat, paddy rice has wax layer, the most hygroscopic, being extremely difficult to the water content that compost needs, this is the bad main reason of Traditional compost effect；2, need to add that fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, heap corruption agent etc., particularly fertilizer taste are unpleasant and consumption big, increase workload；The heap corruption agent such as rotten stalk spirit are unstable to compost effect, even do not see effect；3, need to seal with mud or plastic sheeting, make compost complex operation；4, repeatedly turning, adds water, and the amount of labour used is big.If 5 need big machinery and place, stalk carrying to need a large amount of recruitments, need to consume substantial amounts of power in composting process with mechanization aerobic composting.Straw compost technical operation owing to promoting at present is loaded down with trivial details, the amount of labour used is big and the rotten effect of heap is bad, it is difficult at rural area spread, and therefore searching operates simply, the rotten effective straw compost technology of heap is to solve agricultural wastes crop material efficiently to utilize key.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of operate the rotten effective straw compost method of simple heap, to solve the deficiency that prior art exists.
The present invention solves technical problem and adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of straw compost method, its feature is, point stack retting and heap rotten two stages；
Described stack retting comprises the steps:
S1, in field near the place at water source, dig stack retting hole, use as long-term field straw compost；
S2, wheat or rice straw are directly placed into stack retting hole in, tread, every 50cm thickness stalk adds dwarf soil, add soil to measure as just to be lived by improving straw mulching, by stalk heap to 1.5-2 rice above ground level, form heap top surrounding high, the stalk heap of middle nick, then from stalk heap top casting water, the stack retting underground water to stalk heap body is full, end of watering；
After S3, stalk heap have watered water, add soil at top, thick more than the 5cm of soil；Under stalk water suction and Action of Gravity Field, when stalk heap entirety is caved in 20-50cm above ground level, then being covered by overhead for stalk heap exposed surrounding soil, continue stack retting, total stack retting time is 45-70 days；
Described heap corruption bag step is as follows:
Stack retting stalk in hole is turned to ground, and heap is in heaps, for anti-rain leaching loss heap fertilizer nutrient and heap body moisture loss, builds stalk heap with plastic sheeting, carries out half aerobic composting to becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the heap corruption time is 30-50 days；When stalk is by yellowish-brown to pitchy, and when stalk residuum is wet, softness is easily broken, the most broken time air-dried, is composting production.
Feature of the present invention also resides in:
In described stack retting S2 step, every 50 centimeters of thick stalks add a small amount of fresh dung polluted water, and described dung polluted water addition is that every 300 kilograms of stalks add 75-150 kilogram of fresh dung polluted water.
Described dung polluted water is human excrement or duck excrement or chicken manure or pig manure or goose excrement or sheep excrement or cow dung.
Described stack retting hole each 2 meters of length and width, deep 0.8-1.5 rice.
Compared with the prior art, advantage of the present invention is embodied in:
1, Traditional compost is difficult to allow crop material fully absorb water, and is its heap bad main cause of corruption effect, and the present invention utilizes immersion and high humidity environment fully to absorb water by crop material, it is ensured that the effect of compost；
2, compost method of the present invention utilizes nature to be widely present the most microorganisms, makes the stalk fully absorbed water can the most automatically breed decomposition, it is not necessary to specially increase the microorganism of decomposition stalk；
3, straw compost method stalk of the present invention is not required to chopping, and the bacterial classification such as fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and the spirit of rotten stalk is nonessential in composting process, whole process need not with mud or plastic sheeting sealed reactor body, need not repeatedly turning add water, enormously simplify tradition straw compost method, making straw compost technology simple, peasant is easy to operate, it is easy to promote；
4, compost method of the present invention divides early stage stack retting, later stage heap rotten two stages.The stalk stack retting stage makes stalk fully absorb water and reduces compost volume, is opened by the stalk wax layer ester bond not absorbed water by retting simultaneously, promotes the decomposition of stalk；The heap corruption stage uses half aerobic to become thoroughly decomposed, and generates Humus material, it is ensured that compost quality；
5 is totally-enclosed with Traditional compost different, and the stack retting stage of the present invention is open system, can receive rainfall at any time and supplement the moisture scattered and disappeared in compost top, it is ensured that stalk has the moisture of abundance to carry out stack retting；
6, the stack retting stage of the present invention is because of hole internal water accumulation, the stalk being immersed in water quickly absorbs water deliquescing, volume diminishes, heap body is pouch in hole, upper part of straw moves closer to water under gravity, stalk on the water surface is also because of high humidity, fully can be absorbed water deliquescing, about 30 days, and straw compost caves in about 20-50cm the most above ground level, at this moment surrounding stalk is only had to be exposed, keep being dried, more overhead for stalk heap exposed surrounding soil is covered, make the stalk water suction being dried because stalk interior humidity is big, continue heap rotten about 15 days, the 45-70 days total stack retting time.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further explained explanation.In compost method of the present invention, stalk can be wheat or rice straw, animal dung can be selected from human excrement or duck excrement or chicken manure or pig manure or goose excrement or sheep excrement or cow dung, following example are only as a example by wheat stalk, and compost method of the present invention is illustrated as a example by chicken manure by people's animal dung.
Embodiment 1(is not added with manure of livestock and poultry)
Enforcement place: inn with a stable experiment station, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province
Material to be tested: harvest time wheat stalk
On June 10th, 2014 starts straw compost, and 10-August 19 June is the wheat stalk compost stack retting stage (70 days), and the 19-9 month in August 23 was the wheat stalk compost heap corruption stage (35 days).Terminate to adopt compost sample analysis water content and C, N content at the end of heap corruption at stack retting.
Wheat stalk compost preparation method:
1. each 2 meters of length and width, one, deep about 1 meter hole, is dug in field；2., the stalks such as wheat are put in hole, treading, every 50 centimeters of thick stalks add dwarf soil, and soil takes from field topsoil, add soil amount for just to be covered by stalk, stalk heap is to 1.5 meters above ground level, and it is round for being exposed at overground part heap shape, and heap top surrounding is high, middle slightly concave, with water pumper from heap top casting water, the underground water to heap body is full, end of watering；3., after straw compost watered water, soil is added at top, thick more than the 5cm of soil；4., because of hole internal water accumulation, being immersed in stalk in water and quickly absorb water deliquescing, volume diminishes, the downward pouch of heap body, reduces to about 20-50cm above ground level to compost height, is covered by overhead for stalk heap exposed surrounding soil, continues heap corruption 15 days；5., stack retting stalk creeper in hole is translated into ground, pile an elongated heap, build the anti-leaching loss compost made of stalks nutrient that rains with plastic sheeting, carry out half aerobic composting to becoming thoroughly decomposed, stalk flavescence brown, 35 days heap corruption time.
Compost effect:
1, stack retting effect sees table 1-2: be can be seen that by table 1,2, when compost starts, stalk ground level is 1.5 meters, and along with stack retting time lengthening, ground level declines, and after 39 days, compost ground level is basically stable at 40cm.Compost volume is dropped to 5.6 cubic metres by 10 cubic metres, and volume reduces 44%.Stack retting 55 days, wheat stalk the most fully absorbs water, and wheat stalk water content reaches 135.3%, needs stalk water content 60-70% requirement beyond wheat stalk compost.Wheat stalk C:N than by 81.23 be down to 76.60, wheat stalk is that buff is to yellowish-brown.
2, heap corruption effect:
Being stacked by the stalk of stack retting on August 19th, 2014 and become thoroughly decomposed on the ground, after 35 days, compost volume is reduced to 3.6 cubic metres by 5.6 cubic metres, and straw compost volume reduces 35.7%.Stalk C:N ratio is down to 65.17.Straw compost color be brown to pitchy, time wet, softness is easily broken, crisp and frangible time dry.
Conclusion: straw compost method of the present invention, wheat stalk volume reduces 64%, C:N ratio is down to 65.17, stalk color is that brown is to pitchy, time wet, softness is easily broken, and crisp and frangible time dry, being applied to soil does not affect mechanical cultivation, sow and emerge, become fine fertilizer improvement soil and improve nutrient for crop, successfully agricultural wastes are become high-quality fertilizer.Straw compost of the present invention overcome Traditional compost operation loaded down with trivial details, take a lot of work and the highest shortcoming of compost effect, make straw compost simple, suitable for large area applications.
Embodiment 2(adds manure of livestock and poultry)
Enforcement place: inn with a stable experiment station, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province
Material to be tested: harvest time wheat stalk.
On June 10th, 2014 starts straw compost, and 10-August 19 June is the wheat stalk compost stack retting stage (70 days), and the 19-9 month in August 23 was the wheat stalk compost heap corruption stage (35 days).Terminate to adopt compost sample analysis water content and C, N content at the end of heap corruption at stack retting.
Wheat stalk compost method
1. each 2 meters of length and width, one, deep about 1 meter hole, is dug in field；2., the stalks such as wheat are put in hole, treading, every 50 centimeters of thick stalks add a small amount of freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement (300 kilograms of wheat stalks add 75 kilograms of freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement altogether), then add a small amount of topsoil soil, stalk is covered, stalk heap is to 1.5 meters above ground level, and being exposed at overground part heap shape is garden type, and heap top surrounding is high, middle slightly concave, with water pumper from heap top casting water, the underground water to heap body is full, end of watering；3., after straw compost watered water, soil is added at top, thick more than the 3cm of soil；4., because of hole internal water accumulation, being immersed in stalk in water and quickly absorb water deliquescing, volume diminishes, the downward pouch of heap body, reduces to about 20-50cm above ground level to compost height, is covered by overhead for stalk heap exposed surrounding soil, continues heap corruption 15 days；5., stack retting stalk creeper in hole is translated into ground, pile an elongated heap, for the anti-leaching loss nutrient that rains, build with plastic sheeting, carry out aerobic composting to becoming thoroughly decomposed, stalk blackening brown, 35 days heap corruption time.
Compost effect
1, stack retting effect sees table 3-4: be can be seen that by being shown in Table 3,4, when compost starts, stalk ground level is 1.5 meters, and along with stack retting time lengthening, ground level declines, and after 39 days, compost ground level is down to 40cm, and tends towards stability.Compost volume is dropped to 5.6 cubic metres by 10 cubic metres, and volume reduces 44%.Stack retting 70 days, stalk water content reaches 157.6% respectively, and wheat stalk C:N is down to 65.69 than time by compost 81.23,
Wheat stalk is isabelline.
2, heap corruption effect:
Being stacked by the stalk of stack retting on August 19th, 2014 and become thoroughly decomposed on the ground, after 35 days, compost volume reduces to 3.4 cubic metres；Straw compost volume reduces 39.3%.Stalk C:N ratio is down to 52.67.Straw compost stalk is pitchy, and time wet, softness is easily broken, crisp and frangible time dry.
Conclusion: straw compost method of the present invention, wheat stalk volume reduces 66%, C:N ratio is down to 52.67, and stalk color is pitchy, and degree of humification is higher than embodiment 1, but compost leaded wastewater is less than embodiment 1, being probably and add chicken manure and accelerate Straw decomposing, in stalk, Organic N resolves into inorganic N speed and is also faster than embodiment 1, and inorganic N is quickly lost in the soil that compost adds, stalk residuum N content in this compost is made less than embodiment 1, to have equal to further investigation.
Claims (3)
1. a straw compost method, it is characterised in that point stack retting and heap rotten two stages；
Described stack retting comprises the steps:
S1, in field near the place at water source, dig stack retting hole, use as long-term field straw compost；
S2, wheat or rice straw being directly placed in stack retting hole, tread, every 50cm thickness stalk adds dwarf soil, adds soil amount for just
Improving straw mulching is lived, by stalk heap to 1.5-2 rice above ground level, forms heap top surrounding high, the stalk heap of middle nick, then
From stalk heap top casting water, the stack retting underground water to stalk heap body is full, end of watering；
After S3, stalk heap have watered water, add soil at top, thick more than the 5cm of soil；Under stalk water suction and Action of Gravity Field, stalk heap is whole
Internal when falling into 20-50cm above ground level, more overhead for stalk heap exposed surrounding soil is covered, continue stack retting, total
The stack retting time is 45-70 days；
Described heap corruption step is as follows:
S1, stack retting stalk in hole being turned to ground, heap is in heaps, for anti-rain leaching loss heap fertilizer nutrient and heap body moisture loss, thin with plastics
The good stalk heap of membrane cover, carries out half aerobic composting to becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the heap corruption time is 30-50 days；When stalk by yellowish-brown to pitchy,
When stalk residuum is wet, softness is easily broken, the most broken time air-dried, is composting production.
A kind of straw compost method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described stack retting S2 step every 50 centimeters
Thick stalk adds a small amount of fresh dung polluted water, and described dung polluted water addition is that every 300 kilograms of stalks add 75-150 kilogram of fresh dung polluted water.
A kind of straw compost method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: each 2 meters of the length and width in described stack retting hole, deep
0.8-1.5 rice.
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| CN201410670662.XA CN104355714B (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2014-11-21 | A kind of straw compost method |
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| CN201410670662.XA CN104355714B (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2014-11-21 | A kind of straw compost method |
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| CN104355714B true CN104355714B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105669259A (en) * | 2016-01-16 | 2016-06-15 | 刘庆远 | Method for producing fertilizer and retaining water with corn stalks |
| CN106187582A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of straw compost method being applicable to desertification control |
| CN106187342A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 柳州永旺科技有限公司 | A kind of bean cake compost method |
| CN106242653A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-21 | 柳州永旺科技有限公司 | A kind of humic fruit compost method |
| CN106187523A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 大理州大维肥业有限责任公司 | A kind of ferment fertilizer reducing red soil organic matter leaching loss and preparation method |
| CN107417456A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-12-01 | 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of stalk fertilizer |
| CN108456098A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-28 | 宜州市横山泰顺种养专业合作社 | A kind of red heart honey shaddock fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108299085A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-20 | 荔浦县万家兴果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of selenium-rich ponkan fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108752125A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 泗县根叶鸿养殖有限公司 | Non-irrigated snail bio-bacterial manure of a kind of prevention and its preparation method and application |
| CN114409455A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 定西市农业生态与资源保护技术推广站 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
| CN115160041A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Process for reducing odor emission in livestock and poultry manure composting process and organic fertilizer |
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| CN103766035B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2016-08-31 | 太仓市金诸农业发展有限公司 | Root stubble, the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning |
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