CN104351161A - Seedling raising ground bed soil sterilization mechanism and method - Google Patents
Seedling raising ground bed soil sterilization mechanism and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machines, in particular to a seedling raising ground bed soil sterilization mechanism and method. The sterilization mechanism comprises a sterilization box and a rotary tillage soil breaker, wherein the rotary tillage soil breaker is arranged on the sterilization box for performing rotary tillage on a to-be-sterilized ground bed; the sterilization box is used for spraying sterilization steam to the ground bed. According to the sterilization mechanism, the rotary tillage soil breaking and pesticide sterilization are integrated, and the soil and the sterilization steam are fully mixed by performing rotary tillage on the to-be-sterilized ground bed; by using movable rotary tillage soil cracking and steam infiltration modes, the mechanism can adapt to seedling raising ground beds produced in a centralized manner, and the soil is broken quickly and then steam sterilization is performed, so that the seedling raising ground beds can be completely sterilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural mechanical field, particularly relate to a kind of nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure and method.
Background technology
Soil disinfection, as the important method of control soil disease, is widely used in the operation of nursery groundbed always.Soil is the main media that damage by disease and insect is propagated, and is also the main place of damage by disease and insect breeding.Many bacteriums, nematode, virus, worm's ovum and insect etc. all can survive in soil, in addition, also often have weed seed in soil; And the cultivated area along with melon and fruit, vegetables, flowers, medicinal plant etc. with economic worth crop constantly expands, the high-density planting of industrialized agriculture and year after year plant a kind of crop on same soil; These situations all can cause the growth and breeding of soil-borne disease pathogen above.If this kind of disease is controlled not in time, Severe Reduction can be caused and reduce product quality, even can cause total crop failure.Therefore, more productivity is added with in order to make soil, prevent damage by disease and insect from destroying and weaken the growth of crops, no matter be the soil in protected field such as seedbed soil, potted flower soil, outdoor nursery lot, farmland or green house, all should carry out thorough disinfection to soil before use.
Soil disinfection is one of the important measures controlling soil-borne disease, is the standardization program that agro-industryization is produced, and soil disinfection can be realized by high temperature treatment and the method such as to disinfect.
High-temperature processing method is physical sterilization again, and be the method utilizing high temperature to kill germ, worm's ovum and weed seed, the method is simple, but owing to using the combustibles such as fuel oil easily to cause environmental pollution, and production cost is higher, is difficult to extensive use.
Disinfecting and be chemical disinfection, is utilize disinfectant to directly act on soil, and the method for killing pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum is effective, uses general.But, due to the institutional operation of rotary tillage mode and agricultural chemicals gas injection sterilization can not be taken into account in prior art, uneven and the pharmaceutical quantities easily causing medicament to distribute in dispenser problem very rambunctious, cannot realize carrying out thorough disinfection to soil quickly and efficiently, also cannot reach economize energy simultaneously, improve the object of operating efficiency.
Therefore, for above deficiency, need one rotary tillage hack and agricultural chemicals can be sterilized and become one, make soil mix sufficient disinfecting mechanism and method with sterilisation vapour by the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention there is provided a kind of nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure and method, making it possible to sterilizes rotary tillage hack and agricultural chemicals becomes one, by the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized, soil is mixed fully with sterilisation vapour, thus realize thorough disinfection.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, comprising disinfect box and rotary tillage clod-crusher; Described rotary tillage clod-crusher is arranged on disinfect box, for the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized; Described disinfect box is used for spraying sterilisation vapour to described groundbed.
Wherein, described disinfect box is provided with controller, the sterilisation vapour that described controller exports for regulating and controlling described disinfect box.
Wherein, be provided with the nozzle for spraying sterilisation vapour in described disinfect box, described controller controls described nozzle by flow aperture valve.
Wherein, this disinfecting mechanism also comprises steam generator, and described steam generator is communicated with disinfect box by appendix, and described steam generator is for generation of sterilisation vapour.
Wherein, described steam generator is provided with the burner for heating disinfection steam.
Wherein, this disinfecting mechanism also comprises blower fan and air-supply wheel, and described blower fan is taken turns with air-supply and is connected; Described air-supply wheel is positioned at disinfect box, spreads described sterilisation vapour for accelerating.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of described nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, comprising:
S1, by heating disinfection agricultural chemicals produce sterilisation vapour;
S2, sterilisation vapour is delivered to disinfect box;
S3, carry out rotary tillage process by rotary tillage clod-crusher to groundbed to be sterilized, disinfect box sprays sterilisation vapour to rotary tillage soil simultaneously.
Wherein, step S3 also comprise by controller to spray sterilisation vapour amount regulate, rotary tillage soil is fully contacted with sterilisation vapour.
(3) beneficial effect
Technique scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect: the invention provides a kind of nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, by rotary tillage clod-crusher, rotary tillage hack is carried out to nursery groundbed, simultaneously, sterilisation vapour is sprayed to rotary tillage soil by disinfect box, thus rotary tillage hack and agricultural chemicals are sterilized become one, soil is mixed fully with sterilisation vapour, thus realizes thorough disinfection.The mode that this disinfecting mechanism adopts mobile rotary tillage hack and steam to infiltrate, is applicable to the nursery soil bed that centralization is produced, carries out steam sterilization more fast by after soil breaking, thus can realize carrying out disinfection to nursery soil bed up hill and dale.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the working state figure of embodiment of the present invention nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure;
Fig. 2 is the working state figure of embodiment of the present invention decontamination system;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of embodiment of the present invention decontamination system.
Wherein, 1: running gear; 2: disinfecting mechanism; 3: steam heating mechanism; 4: seedling; 5: road; 6: appendix; 7: ajutage; 8: combustion chamber; 9: vibration damper plate; 11: vehicle frame; 12: elevator; 13: road wheel; 21: disinfect box; 22: rotary tillage clod-crusher; 23: air accumulator; 24: blower fan; 25: air-supply wheel; 31: steam generator; 32: burner; 33: solar panel; 34: thermal insulation layer; 211: nozzle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In describing the invention, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " multiple " is two or more; Term " on ", D score, "left", "right", " interior ", " outward ", " front end ", " rear end ", " head ", the orientation of the instruction such as " afterbody " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary.For the ordinary skill in the art, concrete condition above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, comprise disinfect box 21 and rotary tillage clod-crusher 22; Rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 is arranged on disinfect box 21, for the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized; Meanwhile, disinfect box 21 sprays sterilisation vapour to rotary tillage soil.Rotary tillage hack and agricultural chemicals can be sterilized and be become one by this nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, by the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized, soil are mixed fully with sterilisation vapour, thus realize up hill and dale the object that carries out disinfection of nursery soil bed.
In order to can accurately sterilization operation be carried out, nozzle 211 is provided with in disinfect box 21 in the present embodiment, nozzle 211 is corresponding with rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 to be arranged, such as, sterilisation vapour just to the side being arranged on rotary tillage clod-crusher 22, can be injected in soil by nozzle 211 when in 22 rotary tillage of rotary tillage clod-crusher.
The rotovator accessory that rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 can use for farmland with scratching, in reamer shape, carries out fragmentation by rotating to soil, and broken soil can be rotated throwing aloft.The sterilisation vapour ejected from disinfect box 21 impacts soil particle, carries out infiltration absorption on soil particle surface; And by the space of soil particle, vapor stream spreads in the space of soil particle, emphasis removes spore and the cause of disease of soil damage by disease and insect remaining in soil particle space; Deep subsoil is fallen into after the soil particle of agricultural chemicals steam infiltration mixes again by rotary tillage effect.The eddy current utilizing enclosing sterilizing case 21 to produce and impelling air-flow improve the degree of depth, the speed that infiltrate and permeate.
Disinfect box 21 is provided with controller, and controller controls to export sterilisation vapour by nozzle 211, flow aperture valve.Preferably, the spray orifice size of nozzle 211 and spray angle all can regulate, and the interval time of injection also can adopt pulse current to control; Flow aperture valve can be arranged on the path of sterilisation vapour, for steam regulation flow; Controller can carry out calculating thus auto-control quantity of steam according to interstices of soil operating speed and gas function, after setting interstices of soil parameter, controller can simulate the situation that agricultural chemicals steam infiltrates soil, soil particle can be calculated automatically by the degree of absorption that steam parcel infiltrates, and its degree of absorption can automatically adjust according to different soils space.
Be worth explanation, controller can pass through calculator, sensing detection device (sensor, magnetic valve) and data processing unit and realize controlling in real time this system, comprise steam regulation amount, disinfecting time, sterilisation temp etc., wherein disinfecting time can be realized by the adjustment of the speed of travel and uninterrupted.
The present embodiment also comprises the steam generator 31 for generation of sterilisation vapour, steam generator 31 is communicated with disinfect box 21 by appendix 6, steam generator 31 is provided with the burner 32 for heating disinfection steam, can effectively for disinfect box 21 provides sterilisation vapour.
The present embodiment also comprises blower fan 24 and air-supply wheel 25, and blower fan 24 is connected with air-supply wheel 25; Air-supply wheel 25 is positioned at disinfect box 21, spreads sterilisation vapour for accelerating.
Concrete, blower fan 24 is connected by ajutage 7 with air-supply wheel 25, it is outside that blower fan 24 can be fixed on disinfect box 21, the high-speed rotation of flabellum is utilized to realize normal pressure air-supply, its high velocity air produced arrives air-supply wheel 25 by ajutage 7, air-supply wheel 25 is provided with multiple exhaust vent, and blowing, wheel 25 is corresponding with rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 to be arranged, to accelerate the diffusion of sterilisation vapour in soil.Be worth illustrating, air-supply wheel 25 is not limited to certain particular form, as long as can ensure that make high velocity air can accelerate sterilisation vapour spreads in soil with the position relationship of rotary tillage clod-crusher 22.Such as, as shown in Figure 2, air-supply wheel 25 is arranged on the left side of rotary tillage clod-crusher 22, and the high velocity air that air-supply wheel 25 produces can play perturbation action in soil pore space, makes sterilisation vapour rapid diffusion to improve the absorption ratio that steam infiltrates soil.And, also the degree of depth that sterilisation vapour spreads can be deepened to 20cm-25cm from soil surface, and the stiff soil disinfection to tillage pan surface, post-depositional rainwater can not be produced be beneficial to the environment of soil harmful substance growth.
As shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment also comprises running gear 1, and running gear 1 moves between groundbed for driving disinfect box 21 and rotary tillage clod-crusher 22.Running gear 1 comprises vehicle frame 11 and elevator 12, and the both sides of vehicle frame 11 are separately installed with road wheel 13, and road wheel 13 can move along cement road 5.Elevator 12 is arranged on vehicle frame 11, and elevator 12 adopts electronic lifting disinfecting mechanism 2, for driving disinfecting mechanism 2 lifting moving, having carried out lift-off and having changed bed; Disinfecting mechanism 2 between two groups of road wheels 13, for carrying out disinfection operation to nursery soil bed.
The present invention also provides the sterilization method of this nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure of a kind of application, comprising:
S1, by heating disinfection agricultural chemicals produce sterilisation vapour;
S2, sterilisation vapour is delivered to disinfect box;
S3, carry out rotary tillage process by rotary tillage clod-crusher to groundbed to be sterilized, disinfect box sprays sterilisation vapour to rotary tillage soil simultaneously.
Wherein, step S3 also comprise by controller to spray sterilisation vapour amount regulate, rotary tillage soil is fully contacted with sterilisation vapour.
The present embodiment, when agricultural production, can be used alone, also can by with other plant equipment complement each other to form decontamination system.
This decontamination system comprises running gear 1, disinfecting mechanism 2 and steam heating mechanism 3; Steam heating mechanism 3 can adopt solar energy to carry out heating to pestsides synthesis gas and produce sterilisation vapour; Certainly, the electrically heated mode of use also can be assisted when illumination condition lower grade.The sterilisation vapour of heating is inputed to disinfecting mechanism 2 by steam heating mechanism 3; Running gear 1 drives disinfecting mechanism 2 to move, the operation so that it carries out disinfection between nursery groundbed; Nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure in above-mentioned can be used as the disinfecting mechanism 2 of decontamination system, it is as the main element of sterilization operation, under the drive of running gear 1, this disinfecting mechanism 2 makes soil mix with sterilisation vapour by the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized to contact, thus realize quick, energy-conservation, up hill and dale nursery soil bed is carried out disinfection.And this system takes into account rotary tillage mode and agricultural chemicals gas sprays the institutional operation of sterilizing, and effectively prevent the uneven and pharmaceutical quantities easily causing medicament to distribute in dispenser problem very rambunctious.
As shown in Figure 2, disinfecting mechanism 2 comprises above-mentioned disinfect box 21 and rotary tillage clod-crusher 22, and disinfect box 21 is fixed in running gear 1, can advance with running gear 1 between nursery soil bed; Rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 is arranged on the bottom of disinfect box 21, for the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized.The rotovator accessory that rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 can use for farmland with scratching, in reamer shape, carries out fragmentation by rotating to soil, and broken soil can be rotated throwing aloft.The sterilisation vapour ejected from disinfect box 21 impacts soil particle, carries out infiltration absorption on soil particle surface; And by the space of soil particle, vapor stream spreads in the space of soil particle, emphasis removes spore and the cause of disease of soil damage by disease and insect remaining in soil particle space; Deep subsoil is fallen into after the soil particle of agricultural chemicals steam infiltration mixes again by rotary tillage effect.The eddy current utilizing enclosing sterilizing case 21 to produce and impelling air-flow improve the degree of depth, the speed that infiltrate and permeate.
The present embodiment steam heating mechanism 3 can carry out work under the condition of power save mode, it comprises steam generator 31 and air accumulator 23, the cavity for generation of sterilisation vapour is provided with in steam generator 31, steam generator 31 is provided with burner 32, and ecto-entad is disposed with solar panel 33 and thermal insulation layer 34 on steam generator 31; Preferably, solar panel 33 can be electrically connected with burner 32, thus provides electric energy, effective economize energy for burner 32.Burner 32 is communicated with air accumulator 23 by appendix 6, and the sterilisation vapour after heating for heating disinfection steam, and inputs in air accumulator 23 by burner 32.
Air accumulator 23 is fixed in running gear 1 and carries out pressurization deposit, and air accumulator 23 is communicated with disinfect box 21.In addition, air accumulator 23 can also be connected with combustion chamber 8, realize secondary heating and the energy storage of sterilizing gas, reach economize energy object, and improve operating efficiency; Also can ensure burn to two kinds of different agricultural chemicals and mix simultaneously, realize the object of Multiple Pesticides gas and vapor permeation operation.Certainly, according to actual conditions, also can remove the portable combustion chamber 8 of secondary, only rely on solar energy heating to carry out separate operaton.The gas combustion chamber 8 that the present embodiment carries can carry out heating to agricultural chemicals according to demand to be made it evaporate to become gas, thus avoids pulling of decontamination duct network, and can inject directly on after the pressurizing in airtight disinfect box 21.
When this decontamination system uses, if in the early stage of nursery, namely native bed does not have seedling 4, can in the disinfect box 21 of sealing, soil rotary tillage be thrown in the air, the process making it fall aloft is impacted by autoclave sterilization gas, rebounded again to the sidewall of disinfect box 21 by the soil movement impacted, thus again infiltrate.Soil particle after these fragmentations can improve the degree of absorption infiltrated gas, and within the time of 2s to 3s, the temperature of airtight disinfect box can be constant in 125 DEG C-160 DEG C, and soil particle gap can increase, and disinfection efficiency is increased substantially.And in seedling 4 vegetative period, the sterilization operation of organic gas can be carried out.Processing temperature is adjusted to 22-28 degree, rotary tillage clod-crusher 22 of dismantling, seedling seedling body and seedling stromal surface are carried out disinfection, and make organic gas spread the inside sterilization operation arriving matrix by space.
In the present embodiment, sterilisation vapour can adopt various ways, comprises vapours and halogenation hardship, can singlely use, also can be used in combination.Agricultural chemicals pulverizing after sieving through three times in steam generator 31, can become sterilisation vapour through heating flame; Sterilisation vapour also can be passed through concussion humidifier and pretreatment to be adjusted within the scope of 25 DEG C-30 DEG C.
As shown in Figure 3, the course of work of this decontamination system is:
S1, on groundbed to be sterilized, interval arranges many for for the current roads of running gear;
After S2, operation start, the mode that steam heating mechanism can utilize solar energy and electric energy to assist heats sterilization agricultural chemicals, thus produces vapours; And by adjustment to quantity of steam, realize block speed, energy-conservation, up hill and dale nursery soil bed is carried out disinfection; Blower fan also can be adopted simultaneously to blow, accelerate steam, and then the sterilisation vapour after heating can be delivered to disinfecting mechanism and carry out disinfection operation.
S3, disinfecting mechanism make soil fully contact with sterilisation vapour by the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized; Disinfecting mechanism is after rotary tillage hack, and carry out throwing soil, the smoked native and stir-fry soil of vapours by rotary tillage clod-crusher and enclosing sterilizing case, the eddy current utilizing enclosing sterilizing case to produce and impelling air-flow improve the degree of depth, the speed that infiltrate and permeate.
After S4, the end of job, disinfecting mechanism is driven to switch between many roads by running gear; Complete by elevator and electronicly hoist and change an action.This system carries out cycle operation, always till the end of job after arriving adjacent native bed.
Step S3 also comprises the quantity of steam being controlled sterilisation vapour by controller, and soil is fully contacted with sterilisation vapour.Concrete, controller is by setting interstices of soil parameter, system can calculating simulation agricultural chemicals steam infiltrate soil time, soil particle can be calculated automatically by the degree of absorption that steam parcel infiltrates, different soils gap absorbs and automatically can regulate according to different soils space, according to setup parameter and diffusion model, controller adjustable soil disinfection quantity of steam Q, it realizes the adjustment of spray angle α and expulsion pressure P by adjustment pressure.The formula specifically describing in macrovoid solutes accumulation of sterilizing is as follows:
C
t＝f
t(z)，t＝0，z>0；
Wherein, V is flow velocity; C is solute concentration; D is disperse coefficient of combination; θ is moisture; Z is vertical range; α (c
f-c
s) be the medicament solute exchange linear value between soil matrix and macrovoid.
When sterilisation vapour solute enters in soil in a pulsed fashion, first enter macrovoid, and then enter soil matrix, transport of solute can describe as follows:
In formula, θ is moisture, and C is sterilizing gas solute concentration, C
mfor flowing solute concentration, C
imfor noncurrent soil adsorbs solute concentration, β is flowing gas moisture θ
mwith the ratio of adsorption by soil moisture θ in whole sterilising zone, 1-β is non-mobile moisture θ
imwith the ratio of adsorption by soil moisture θ in whole sterilising zone,
for single order sterilization solute exchange rate, D
mfor soil macropore dispersion coefficient, Z is vertical range, j
mfor soil water flux, t is the time, and model can calculate θ
mvalue, this value and Q are linear relations, by the automatic control inputs correlation coefficient of controller.By regulating pressure to realize regulating spray angle α and expulsion pressure P, thus improve the uniformity of sterilization solute.
Embodiments of the invention provide in order to example with for the purpose of describing, and are not exhaustively or limit the invention to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are apparent for the ordinary skill in the art.Selecting and describing embodiment is in order to principle of the present invention and practical application are better described, and enables those of ordinary skill in the art understand the present invention thus design the various embodiments with various amendment being suitable for special-purpose.
Claims (8)
1. a nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure, is characterized in that, comprises disinfect box (21) and rotary tillage clod-crusher (22); Described rotary tillage clod-crusher (22) is arranged on disinfect box (21), for the groundbed that rotary tillage is to be sterilized; Described disinfect box (21) is for spraying sterilisation vapour to described groundbed.
2. nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described disinfect box (21) is provided with controller, the sterilisation vapour that described controller exports for regulating and controlling described disinfect box (21).
3. nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, be provided with the nozzle (211) for spraying sterilisation vapour in described disinfect box (21), described controller controls described nozzle (211) by flow aperture valve.
4. nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise steam generator (31), described steam generator (31) is communicated with disinfect box (21) by appendix (6), and described steam generator (31) is for generation of sterilisation vapour.
5. nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described steam generator (31) is provided with the burner (32) for heating disinfection steam.
6. nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises blower fan (24) and air-supply wheel (25), and described blower fan (24) is taken turns (25) with air-supply and is connected; Described air-supply wheel (25) is positioned at disinfect box (21), spreads described sterilisation vapour for accelerating.
7. a method for the nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, comprising:
S1, by heating disinfection agricultural chemicals produce sterilisation vapour;
S2, sterilisation vapour is delivered to disinfect box;
S3, carry out rotary tillage process by rotary tillage clod-crusher to groundbed to be sterilized, disinfect box sprays sterilisation vapour to rotary tillage soil simultaneously.
8. the method for nursery groundbed soil disinfection machine structure according to claim 7, is characterized in that, step S3 also comprise by controller to spray sterilisation vapour amount regulate, rotary tillage soil is fully contacted with sterilisation vapour.
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| CN106900184A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-06-30 | 南京农业大学 | Facility canopy room soil rotary tillage steaming sterilizer |
| CN107182994A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | For the rice field farming steam-type control worm device of topsoil spawning insect |
| CN110149824A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 江苏大学 | A kind of greenhouse rotary tillage disinfection combined machine |
| CN112640707A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-13 | 云南农业大学 | Terminal enhanced heat transfer device of soil steam sterilizer |
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| CN112640707A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-13 | 云南农业大学 | Terminal enhanced heat transfer device of soil steam sterilizer |
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| CN104351161B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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