CN104350925B - A kind of improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality - Google Patents

A kind of improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality Download PDF

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CN104350925B
CN104350925B CN201410649271.XA CN201410649271A CN104350925B CN 104350925 B CN104350925 B CN 104350925B CN 201410649271 A CN201410649271 A CN 201410649271A CN 104350925 B CN104350925 B CN 104350925B
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branch
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fertilizer
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CN104350925A (en
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蔡艳飞
李树发
李世峰
宋杰
陆琳
彭绿春
解玮佳
张露
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Yunnan landscaping Limited by Share Ltd
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Flower Research Institute of YAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality, match including cultivation matrix, fertilising, prune, temperature control and drought stress processes, illumination controls.Execute a Controlled Release Fertilizer by the end of March；The 3-6 the first tenday period of a month month every 10 days 1 time root fertilising ammonium sulfate, every 15 days 1 time foliage-spray full water soluble fertilizer；Mid-June terminated to summer, every 10 days 1 time root and foliage-spray mixing liquid fertilizer；Autumn every 15 days 1 time root and foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Mid-June to temperature control at the beginning of 8 months at 23～28 DEG C；First arrival in July controlled water 20～30 days at the beginning of 8 months；By the end of May to light intensity control by the end of August at 33000～45000lx.The present invention makes the quantity of bud than conventional potted plant increasing 28-30%, and alabastrum transverse diameter increases 13-18%, efficiently solves the problem that potted plant alpine rose flower_bud formation rate is low, the bud quality is poor, significantly improves its ornamental value.

Description

A kind of improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality
Technical field
The invention belongs to woody ornamentais cultural method technical field, be specifically related to promote potted plant alpine rose flower_bud formation and improve the technical method of the bud quality.
Background technology
Folium Rhododendri Simsii (Rhododendron) is universally acknowledged famous and precious ornamental flower, one of big famous flower of Ye Shi China ten.Alpine rose is the big class of in abundant azalea resource, generally refer to without squama Folium Rhododendri Simsii subgenus (SubgenusHymenanthes), have the monkeyhead rhododendron leaf in squama Folium Rhododendri Simsii subgenus (SubgenusRhododendron), retained Marshall Stability (SubgenusAzaleastrum) and their Hybrid.Alpine rose corolla is very large, various colors, flower appearance is graceful, plant type is beautiful, the blade four seasons are evergreen, becomes China in recent years and enjoys the high-grade year night potted flower made a pet of, has vast potential for future development.
In recent years, the market demand continue to increase the development also promoting potted plant alpine rose cultivation technique and establishment planting technology thereof.But; the facility cultivation production process of alpine rose scale finds; potted plant alpine rose plant type excessive growth at random; plus pruning improper, the problems such as excessive, malnutrition of sheltering from heat or light; cause that potted plant Alpine Azaleas inductivity is extremely low, bud different sizes, florescence dispersion; and flower pattern different sizes, flower mutually thin, greatly have impact on sight, reduce economic worth.
For being effectively improved its ornamental values and the economic values, the florescence of potted plant alpine rose is made to concentrate during being advanceed to the Spring Festival by the 4～May at natural florescence open, it is necessary to alpine rose is carried out florescence control.At present, the florescence control of alpine rose has had the patented technology of maturation, and potted plant alpine rose is carried out the basis of florescence control, it is through suitable pruning, the rational application of fertilizer, in conjunction with various short control means, integrated management, enables potted plant alpine rose to smoothly complete bud differentiation, forms abundant high-quality bud.
Research currently, with respect to potted plant alpine rose bud differentiation rule is less, lacks the effective cultivation management way improving potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and improving the bud quality.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve current potted plant alpine rose exists due to plant type excessive growth at random, prune improper, shelter from heat or light excessively, the technical problem that bud quantity is few and the bud quality is poor that malnutrition etc. causes, comprehensive potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality is improved by a set of, promote that alpine rose bud differentiation is smooth, alabastrum is many and full, guarantee that potted plant alpine rose blooms neatly, flower is gorgeous, is effectively improved ornamental values and the economic values.
The object of the invention is achieved by following technical proposal:
1. improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality, comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivation matrix apolegamy
Cultivation matrix fertile soil, peat and laterite are in fertile soil: peat: the ratio that the volume ratio of laterite is 1:1:1～3:1:1 mixes, and institute's aglucon matter acidity is pH5.5～6.5；
(2) fertilising
1. execute a Controlled Release Fertilizer by the end of March when alpine rose just starts and sprouts, consumption is 1.5～2.0g/ per kilogram substrate, and in mass fraction, in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, N content is 18%, P2O5Content is 6%, K2O content is 12%, its consumption is 1.5～2.0g/ per kilogram substrate, the fertilization mode of Controlled Release Fertilizer is: uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields at the place of the ball surrounding soil top layer 2～3cm of plant root formation, when substrate temperature is below 21 DEG C, the rate of release of described Controlled Release Fertilizer is 6～7 months；
2. during March to early June, every 10 days 1 time ammonium sulfate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, foliage-spray is carried out every 15 days 1 time with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% full water soluble fertilizer, every strain consumption is 120～150ml every time, in described full water soluble fertilizer, N content is 20%, P2O5Content is 10%, K2O content is 20%, and described percent is mass fraction；
3. starting mid-June to summer to terminate, carry out root and foliage-spray with mixing liquid fertilizer, every 10 days 1 time, root fertilising consumption is each every liter of substrate 100ml, and foliage-spray is every time every strain 120～150ml.Containing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the ammonium sulfate of 0.04% and 0.1～0.15% in described mixing liquid fertilizer, all the other are then water, and described percent is mass fraction；
4. fertilizing in autumn, enter autumn, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out foliage-spray, and every strain consumption is 120～150ml every time；
5. winter to next year by the end of March before, do not apply fertilizer.
(3) pinch in good time and prune
By the end of February to mid-March, extract terminal bud；Florescence starts to prune after terminating: 1. wipe out residual flower；2. sprouting on root branch is wiped out；3. branch is pruned, and described branch is trimmed to A. shaping and cuts: cut off sick branch, thin and weak branch and damage branch；B. prune off: wipe out unnecessary branch and make each mobile jib retain 2～3 side shoots, a side shoot stays 2～3 branches；C. contracting is cut: cut short exceed tree crown alter branch and the branch of excessive growth；
(4) temperature control and drought stress process
1. temperature control: mid-June, temperature controlled at 23～28 DEG C at the beginning of 8 months；
2. drought stress processes: at the beginning of first arrival in July 8 months, reduces water supply, is controlled by culture substrate moisture content at the 40～50% of maximum field capacity, and the cycle of whole control water is 20～30 days；
(5) illumination controls: by the end of May to by the end of August, intensity control is at 33000～45000lx.
2, improving potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method for improving the bud quality according to technical scheme 1, pinching in good time and pruning described in step (3) also includes:
1. first cut portion, after cut middle and upper part；First cut in tree crown, after cut outside tree crown；
2. stub is not stayed at clip position；
3. clip face is 45 ° of inclined-planes；
4. prune 0.4～0.5cm place more than leaf bud, position, and retain the lateral bud that branch is outside.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is by a whole set of preferred aggregate measures such as the apolegamy of cultivation matrix, reasonably series fertilising, pruning, temperature control and drought stress process, illumination controls, produce synergism, make alpine rose bud differentiation smooth, the bud quality is high, the increase by 28～30% compared with conventional method for potted of the quantity of its bud, alabastrum transverse diameter increases by 13～18%, efficiently solves the problem that potted plant alpine rose flower_bud formation rate is low, the bud quality is poor, significantly improves its ornamental value.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but they are not limitation of the invention, and all correcting within the scope of the present invention or in equivalent the scope of the present invention are all included in the invention.Following embodiment is conventional method without specified otherwise.
Embodiment 1: for the alpine rose kind of life in 6 years ' Furnivall ' sDaughter ', the present invention is described further:
(1) cultivation matrix apolegamy
Cultivation matrix fertile soil, peat and laterite are in fertile soil: peat: the ratio that volume ratio is 2:1:1 of laterite (i.e. red soil) mixes, and institute's aglucon matter acidity is adjusted to pH5.5～6.5；This substrate draining is good, has again certain water holding capacity simultaneously.
(2) fertilising
1. just starting to sprout Ai Beishi (APEX) Controlled Release Fertilizer that Xin Pulao company of the Shi Shiyici U.S. produces alpine rose by the end of March, consumption is 1.5g/ per kilogram cultivation matrix, in mass fraction, containing full nitrogen 18.0% in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, water solublity phosphoric anhydride 6.0%, water-soluble potassium 12.0%, water soluble magnesium 1.7%, Chelating state sulfur 7.3%, Chelating state copper 0.05%, chelated ferrous iron 0.5%, Chelating state manganese 0.05%, Chelating state molybdenum 0.0025%, Chelating state zinc 0.05%；Ammonium nitrogen 3.1% in described full nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen 1.2%, urea nitrigen 13.7%, described percent is mass fraction.The fertilization mode of Controlled Release Fertilizer is: uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields at the place of the ball surrounding soil top layer 2～3cm of plant root formation, and is mixed with by topsoil.When substrate temperature is below 21 DEG C, the rate of release of described Controlled Release Fertilizer is 6～7 months.
2. during March to early June, every 10 days 1 time ammonium sulfate with mass fraction 0.1% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, foliage-spray is carried out every 15 days 1 time with mass fraction 0.1% full water soluble fertilizer, every strain consumption is 120ml every time, in described full water soluble fertilizer, N content is 20%, P2O5Content is 10%, K2O content is 20%, and described percent is mass fraction.
3. starting mid-June to summer to terminate, carry out root and foliage-spray with mixing liquid fertilizer, every 10 days 1 time, root fertilising consumption is each every liter of substrate 100ml, and foliage-spray is every time every strain 120ml.Containing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the ammonium sulfate of 0.04% and 0.1% in described mixing liquid fertilizer, all the other are then water, and described percent is mass fraction.
4. fertilizing in autumn, entering autumn, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1% carries out root fertilising, and each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1% carries out foliage-spray, and every strain consumption is 120ml every time.
5. winter to next year by the end of March before, alpine rose enter rest period, stop fertilising.
(3) pinch in good time and prune
By the end of February to mid-March, extract terminal bud；Florescence starts to prune after terminating: 1. wipe out residual flower；2. sprouting on root branch is wiped out；3. branch is pruned, and described branch is trimmed to A. shaping and cuts: cut off sick branch, thin and weak branch and damage branch；B. pruning off: wipe out unnecessary branch, each mobile jib retains 2～3 side shoots, and a side shoot stays 2～3 branches；C. contracting is cut: cut short exceed tree crown alter branch and the branch of excessive growth；Elder generation cut portion when branch is pruned, after cut middle and upper part；First cut in tree crown, after cut outside tree crown；Stub is not stayed at clip position；Clip face is 45 ° of inclined-planes；Prune 0.4～0.5cm place more than leaf bud, position, and retain the lateral bud that branch is outside.
(4) temperature control and drought stress process
1. temperature control: mid-June, temperature controlled between 23～28 DEG C, and the temperature of all the other trophophases is then preferred with 15～30 DEG C at the beginning of 8 months, avoids temperature more than 35 DEG C as far as possible.
2. drought stress processes: at the beginning of first arrival in July 8 months, reduces water supply, is controlled by culture substrate moisture content between the 40～50% of field capacity, and the cycle of whole control water is 20 days.All the other trophophases method for potted routinely looks growth needs, waters weekly 2～3 times.
(5) illumination controls: by the end of May to by the end of August, intensity control is at 33000～45000lx, and all the other trophophases then control between 22000～33000lx.
Experimental result: October ' bud quantity average out to 13.91 buds of every basin of Furnivall ' sDaughter ' of potted plant alpine rose at the beginning, bud transverse diameter average out to 1.65cm, compared with adopting conventional method for potted, bud quantity adds 28.18%, bud transverse diameter adds 13.50%, and bud is neatly full, blooms neat, flower is gorgeous, significantly improves the sight of alpine rose.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is except following measures difference, and all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1.
(1) cultivation matrix apolegamy
Cultivation matrix fertile soil, peat and laterite are in fertile soil: peat: the ratio that volume ratio is 1:1:1 of laterite (i.e. red soil) mixes, and institute's aglucon matter acidity is adjusted to pH5.5～6.5；
(2) fertilising
1. the consumption of Controlled Release Fertilizer is 2.0g/ per kilogram cultivation matrix, and described Controlled Release Fertilizer is identical with embodiment 1.
2. during March to early June, every 10 days 1 time ammonium sulfate with mass fraction 0.15% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, foliage-spray is carried out every 15 days 1 time with mass fraction 0.15% full water soluble fertilizer, every strain consumption is 150ml every time, in described full water soluble fertilizer, N content is 20%, P2O5Content is 10%, K2O content is 20%, and described percent is mass fraction；
3. starting mid-June to summer to terminate, carry out root and foliage-spray with mixing liquid fertilizer, every 10 days 1 time, root fertilising consumption is each every liter of substrate 100ml, and foliage-spray is every time every strain 150ml.Containing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the ammonium sulfate of 0.04% and 0.15% in described mixing liquid fertilizer, all the other are then water, and described percent is mass fraction；
4. fertilizing in autumn, entering autumn, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.15% carries out root fertilising, and each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.15% carries out foliage-spray, and every strain consumption is 150ml every time.
(4) temperature control and drought stress process
2. drought stress processes: the cycle of whole control water is 30 days.
Experimental result: with the potted plant alpine rose adopting conventional method for potted ' compared with Furnivall ' sDaughter ', after described in above-described embodiment 2, step is implemented, bud quantity adds 30.00%, bud transverse diameter adds 18.00%, significantly improves alpine rose ' the bud quantity of Furnivall ' sDaughter ' and the bud quality.

Claims (2)

1. improve potted plant alpine rose bud quantity and the method improving the bud quality, comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivation matrix apolegamy
Cultivation matrix fertile soil, peat and laterite are in fertile soil: peat: the ratio that the volume ratio of laterite is 1:1:1～3:1:1 mixes, and institute's aglucon matter acidity is pH5.5～6.5；
(2) fertilising
1. execute a Controlled Release Fertilizer by the end of March when alpine rose just starts and sprouts, consumption is 1.5～2.0g/ per kilogram substrate, and in mass fraction, in described Controlled Release Fertilizer, N content is 18%, P2O5Content is 6%, K2O content is 12%, and the fertilization mode of Controlled Release Fertilizer is: the 2～3cm place, ball surrounding soil top layer formed at plant root uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields；
2. during March to early June, every 10 days 1 time ammonium sulfate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, foliage-spray is carried out every 15 days 1 time with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% full water soluble fertilizer, every strain consumption is 120～150ml every time, in described full water soluble fertilizer, N content is 20%, P2O5Content is 10%, K2O content is 20%, and described percent is mass fraction；
3. start mid-June to summer to terminate, root and foliage-spray is carried out with mixing liquid fertilizer, every 10 days 1 time, root fertilising consumption is each every liter of substrate 100ml, foliage-spray is every time every strain 120～150ml, containing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the ammonium sulfate of 0.04% and 0.1～0.15% in described mixing liquid fertilizer, all the other are then water, and described percent is mass fraction；
4. fertilizing in autumn, enter autumn, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out root fertilising, each every liter of substrates quantity is 100ml, every 15 days 1 time potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction 0.1～0.15% carries out foliage-spray, and every strain consumption is 120～150ml every time；
5. winter to next year by the end of March before, do not apply fertilizer；
(3) pinch in good time and prune
By the end of February to mid-March, extract terminal bud；Florescence starts to prune after terminating: 1. wipe out residual flower；2. sprouting on root branch is wiped out；3. branch is pruned, and described branch is trimmed to A. shaping and cuts: cut off sick branch, thin and weak branch and damage branch；B. prune off: wipe out unnecessary branch and make each mobile jib retain 2～3 side shoots, a side shoot stays 2～3 branches；C. contracting is cut: cut short exceed tree crown alter branch and the branch of excessive growth；
(4) temperature control and drought stress process
1. temperature control: mid-June, temperature controlled at 23～28 DEG C at the beginning of 8 months；
2. drought stress processes: at the beginning of first arrival in July 8 months, reduces water supply, is controlled by culture substrate moisture content at the 40～50% of maximum field capacity, and the cycle of whole control water is 20～30 days；
(5) illumination controls: by the end of May to by the end of August, intensity control is at 33000～45000lx.
2. the potted plant alpine rose bud quantity of raising according to claim 1 and the method for improving the bud quality, pinching in good time and pruning described in step (3) also includes:
1. first cut portion, after cut middle and upper part；First cut in tree crown, after cut outside tree crown；
2. stub is not stayed at clip position；
3. clip face is 45 ° of inclined-planes；
4. prune 0.4～0.5cm place more than leaf bud, position, and retain the lateral bud that branch is outside.
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CN105393887B (en) * 2015-12-12 2018-04-06 杨帆 A kind of cultural method of rose
CN105850580A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-17 石家庄市神州花卉研究所有限公司 Substrate for culture of wild rhododendron delavayi seed seedlings
CN106258338B (en) * 2016-08-08 2019-11-05 四川农业大学 A method of improving more squama cuckoo setting percentages
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CN108702998A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-26 江苏农林职业技术学院 A method of improving cuckoo ornamental value
CN111165256A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-05-19 云南海达新生态环境建设有限公司 Method for transplanting alpine rhododendron to flat ground
CN112005835A (en) * 2020-08-26 2020-12-01 广东碧然美景观艺术有限公司 Cultivation method for improving ornamental value of garlic vines
CN112970504A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-18 西南大学 Method for improving growth quality of bud of introduced rhododendron subarachnoides and application of method
CN114532176A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-05-27 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 Cultivation method of azalea pendula trees
CN114831008A (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-08-02 贵州民族大学人文科技学院 Potting method of rhododendron

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KR100509732B1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-08-25 안종관 Production method for White Rhododendron mucronulatum seedling
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Patentee before: Flower Research Institute(FRI) of Yunnan