CN104335938A - Siganus guttatus fry breeding method - Google Patents
Siganus guttatus fry breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104335938A CN104335938A CN201410455822.9A CN201410455822A CN104335938A CN 104335938 A CN104335938 A CN 104335938A CN 201410455822 A CN201410455822 A CN 201410455822A CN 104335938 A CN104335938 A CN 104335938A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a siganus guttatus fry breeding method, and belongs to the field of siganus guttatus breeding. The siganus guttatus fry breeding method comprises the following steps: pond cultivation of fry, transportation of fry, preparation of a standard coarse pond and workshop standard coarse cultivation of fry. The siganus guttatus fry breeding method has the technical advantages that the pond fry cultivation time is shortened, the outdoor pond utilization rate is increased, the feeding of biological baits is decreased, the feeding of the artificial mixed feeds is advanced, the cultivation cost is reduced and the fry after indoor standard coarse is ordered, rapid in growth, strong in anti-stress capacity and high in survival rate. The siganus guttatus fry breeding method is mature in technology, safe and easy to grasp, can be rapidly mastered and grasped by the farmers, is suitable for carrying out large-scale artificial breeding of fry and is hopeful for promoting the healthy and rapid development of the artificial breeding work of siganus guttatus fry in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to siganus guttatus cultivation field, the method for particularly a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation.
Background technology
Siganus guttatus (Siganus guttatus is commonly called as golden tiger spot) is under the jurisdiction of Perciformes, siganidae, siganus, its delicious meat, and protein content is high, is rich in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, is of high nutritive value, and deeply likes by consumers in general.Sub-fishing gear of filling enamel has the features such as omnivorousness, eurysalinity, eurythermic, and being food under field conditions (factors) with macro, is also rare ominivore-fish in mariculture kind, meets the demand of China's current health aquaculture model development.Basket fish is as a kind of excellent new cultivation object, and exploitation prospect is wide.
Sub-fish egg-laying period of filling enamel is the annual 4-7 month, and No. seven, the lunar calendar of every month is laid eggs to No. nine, and siganus guttatus pond nursery pattern at present, there is growing-seedling period long (35-40 days); Biological feed feeding volume is large, and seedling cost is high; As improper in Articial bait making feeding volume, cause the problems such as bad water, fish body difference are large.
The applicant is devoted to the research that siganus guttatus is propagated artificially always, apply for Chinese patent, number of patent application is CN201110401417.5, application publication number is CN102487866A, publication date is 2012.06.13, denomination of invention is " a kind of artificial culture siganus guttatus parent scale natural propagation method ", disclose a kind of method of artificial culture siganus guttatus parent scale natural propagation, under artificial culture condition, after the juvenile fish of 1.5-3cm becomes parent population, by natural propagation and the preferred parent population of artificial regulatory technology, to the optimization of parent population feeding environment in feeding process, the optimization of bait, promote the growth of parent population health, the suitable increase natural bait of antenatal selection, suitable change feeding environment, promote parent population gonad maturity, and antenatal natural way purification is carried out to parent population feeding environment, postpartum is to the sterilization of parent population feeding environment, protect the survival of positive parent population, improve the output of juvenile fish, for the development of siganus guttatus aquaculture industryization provides large batch of high-quality seed.But the cultivating condition of seed need to grope.
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute Of Oceanology, apply for that denomination of invention is " artificial breeding method of a kind of basket fish ", what it related to is not siganus guttatus, but macula lutea basket fish (Siganus canaliculatus) and brown basket fish (Siganus fuscescens), incubate individual small at the beginning of these two kinds of fishes, the lethality that young irritability causes by force is high, this invention takes parent population and forms, cultivate, artificial induced spawning and hatching, larval culture pond prepares, cultivate water treatment, stage bait feeding, the technical measures of postlarva transport, achieve parent population supply and nursery factorial praluction, form Gunther parent fish spawning rate and reach more than 65%, eggs on average fertilization rate reached is to more than 85%, artificial breeding survival rate 10.7%-27%.But, because siganus guttatus and macula lutea basket fish, brown basket fish exist larger difference just incubating in individual build, young nutritional need etc., similar method cannot be adopted, the problem that the method as adopted that preferably can write causes.(be CN201210395600.3 see Chinese Patent Application No., application publication number is CN103070094A, and publication date is 2013.05.01)
Therefore, the method that how research improve outdoor ponds utilization rate, reduce seedling cost, cultivate neat specification in siganus guttatus artificial batch Seedling production, growth is fast, anti-stress ability is strong, survival rate is high, is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seedling cultivation, the method has can improve outdoor ponds utilization rate; Reduce seedling cost; Cultivate neat specification, growth be fast, anti-stress ability strong, the advantage of survival rate height seed.
The invention provides the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation, comprising:
(1) pond rearing fry emerges: cultivate about 25 days in outdoor ponds after fry hatching, and when postlarva body reaches 1.5-1.8cm, postlarva scale is grown completely, can draw in the net to emerge;
(2) transport of fry: the long postlarva physique for 1.5-1.8cm of body is more weak, be not suitable for cooling transport, traffic density is 20000-30000 tail/m
3, place gas stone in container, shading is transported;
(3) preparation of standard crude pool: adopt indoor half buried cement pit slightly to cultivate pond as mark, the seawater after sand filters is injected after cultivating pond sterilization, height of water level is 1m, salinity 27 ~ 32 ‰, dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L (standard of every square of 1 gas head installs aerating device), cultivate pond and keep available light, and according to 3 tails/m
2density throws in Penaeus Vannmei;
(4) fry workshop mark is thick cultivates: first to fry disinfection, after fry is stable, artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding completely, repeatedly throws something and feeds on a small quantity, day feeding volume control the 6-8% in fry body weight.Every day, quantity of exchanged water was 200%, within every 5 days, screened with fry.Slightly cultivated by the indoor mark of 25 days, fry can reach about 3.5cm (3.0-4.0cm), and pond or net cage can be descended to carry out adult fish culture.
Fry starts bait for 6 days and transforms before drawing in the net to emerge in described step (1), the eel powder of throwing something and feeding to protein content >=45% transforms, before drawing in the net to emerge, the biological feed feeding volume of the 6th day is 80% of fish body weight, reduce the biological feed feeding volume of 20% of feeding volume the previous day later every day, 6:00,12:00 and 18:00 of every day are sprinkled into eel powder, throw something and feed at every turn and account for 33.3% of whole day feeding volume, fry is carried out to the domestication of bait.
Cultivate about 25 days in outdoor ponds after fry hatching in described step (1), be 25 ± 5 days.
In described step (1), eel powder is strong horse board eel compound feed (elver).
In described step (1), the time of drawing in the net is about 6:00 in the morning, and mesh size is 20 orders.
Install aerating device according to the standard of every square of 4 gas heads in described step (2), dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L.
Adopt black puggaree to carry out shading to cask in described step (2), make light intensity≤1000Lx.
Area 14 ~ the 16m of indoor half buried cement pit in described step (3)
2, be 1.5 ~ 1.8m deeply.
In described step (3), seawater water temperature is 28.5-30.5 DEG C.
The thick pond of cultivating of described step (3) acceptance of the bid adopts 40mg/L liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30min disinfection.
In order to remove excessive bait of throwing something and feeding and the dead fry that catches an illness in described step (3), in cultivation pond, throw in Penaeus Vannmei, specification is that 6-10cm body is long.
In described step (4), the sterilization of fry adopts the povidone iodine of 1% available iodine, and addition is by adding 0.5ml (when namely sterilizing, in standard crude pool, in water, the concentration of povidone iodine is 0.5ppm) in every cubic meter of water; Described fry is stable refers to that fry cluster, body colour are normal, decorative pattern is bright-coloured.
In described step (4), the mark crude density of fry is below 2cm is 2500 tails/m
3, 2-2.5cm is 2000 tails/m
3, 2.5-3cm is 1500 tails/m
3, 3-3.5cm is 1000 tails/m
3.
Thick feed Feeding time every day cultivating fry of described step (4) acceptance of the bid is 6:00,9:00,12:00,13:00 and 18:00, throws something and feeds at every turn and accounts for 20% of whole day feeding volume.
In described step (4) mark of fry thick in for reducing fish body difference in size, suitable feed should be changed in good time.Fry below 2cm is precious micro-No. 1 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2-2.5cm is precious No. 00 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2.5-3cm is precious No. 0 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 3-3.5cm is special No. 001 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea seedling stage.
The survival pressure caused with the growth of specification in order to avoid seed in described step (4) is urgent, within every 5 days, screens fry, and after screening, same specification is put into same cultivation pond and cultivated.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is emerged by shifting to an earlier date pond, shortens fry pond seedling raise period, improves outdoor ponds utilization rate; Reduce the feeding volume of biological feed simultaneously, tame artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding in advance, reduce seedling cost.By throwing in Penaeus Vannmei in the thick process of indoor mark, remove residual bait and dead fish body of catching an illness; The measures such as the agreeable to the taste bait of in good time adjustment, sieve seedling; The fry neat specification cultivated, growth are soon, anti-stress ability is strong, survival rate is high.This technology maturation, safety, easily to grasp, can by raiser's rapid digestion and grasp, and be applicable to carry out seed large-scale artificial and breed, be expected to the health, the fast development that promote China siganus guttatus artificial seed breeding process.
Embodiment
In order to be technological means of the present invention, feature, reach and be easy to understand with effect, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further, but enforcement of the present invention is not limited in this.
The method of embodiment 1 one kinds of siganus guttatus seed cultivation
(1) pond rearing fry emerges:
In April, 2014, siganus guttatus natural spawning, the early stage of carrying out fry in outdoor ponds after fry hatching membrane cultivates, and within after membrane the 19th day, start bait and transform (namely within 6 days before drawing in the net to emerge, starting bait to transform), this macrura reevesii body size is about 1.2cm.Evenly people's eel powder (strong horse board eel compound feed elver) is spread to cultivation pond when throwing something and feeding, after membrane, the 19th day biological bait feeding amount is 80% of fish body weight, reduce the biological feed feeding volume of 20% of feeding volume the previous day afterwards every day, within after membrane the 19th day, start can whole day to throw something and feed eel powder to the 24th day, 6:00,12:00 and 18:00 of every day are sprinkled into eel powder, throw something and feed at every turn and account for 33.3% of whole day feeding volume, fry moves about in groups in pond.Now fry size is the long 1.5-1.8cm of body, and body is by scale, and body colour transparently becomes black decorative pattern by original.25th day morning, 6:00, used 20 order mesh sheet to draw in the net, 220,000 tails of emerging altogether.
(2) fry transport:
Because now fry physique is more weak, normal temperature should be adopted to transport, prevent fry stress be dead.Adopt the vehicle of band water tank to carry out short-distance transport, hang up the net cage that 20 order mesh sheet make in water tank, on average every square of 4 gas stone (Fengxin Heng Anqi stone Co., Ltd full corundum gas stone (40*40*4)), maintenance oxygen content is more than 4mg/L.Traffic density is 30000 tails/m
3, the shading of black sunshade net can be adopted in transportation to transport, and light intensity is 800Lx, and transport 8 times altogether, deliver viable rate is 92.5%.
(3) standard crude pool prepares:
Indoor mark slightly cultivates pond, long 5m, wide 3m, degree of depth 1.5m.(standard installs aerating device, and (Fengxin Heng Anqi stone Co., Ltd full corundum gas stone (40*40*4)), on average establishes 1 for every square, and maintenance oxygen content is more than 4mg/L to establish 15 gas heads altogether.40mg/L liquor potassic permanganate is adopted to soak 30min disinfection before using.Inject fresh husky filtering sea, height of water level is 1m.Cultivating workshop water temperature is 28.5-30.5 DEG C, and seawater salinity is in 32.Enter in fish forebay and throw in the long Penaeus Vannmei of 45 tail 6-10cm body.
(4) fry workshop mark is thick cultivates:
The fry about 38000 tails is thrown in each cultivation pond, and the povidone iodine 7ml of full pool spilling head 1% available iodine, makes water body povidone iodine concentration reach 0.5ppm simultaneously.Owing to drawing in the net damage fish body, disinfected by the same day, artificial feed of throwing something and feeding after fry is stable (precious micro-No. 1 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery).The feedstuff feeding time is every day 6:00,9:00,12:00,13:00 and 18:00, throws something and feeds at every turn and accounts for 20% of whole day feeding volume.Every day, quantity of exchanged water was 200%, ensured good water quality.Within every 5 days, carry out screening and changing pond together with prawn with fry sieve, re-use after the sterilization of former cultivation pond potassium permanganate.Slightly cultivated by the indoor mark of 25 days, mark is thick altogether cultivates about 3.5cm fry 210,000, and pond or net cage can be descended to carry out adult fish culture.
Wherein the mark crude density of fry is below 2cm is 2500 tails/m
3, 2-2.5cm is 2000 tails/m
3, 2.5-3cm is 1500 tails/m
3, 3-3.5cm is 1000 tails/m
3.
For reducing fish body difference in size during the mark of fry is thick, suitable feed should be changed in good time.Fry below 2cm is precious micro-No. 1 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2-2.5cm is precious No. 00 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2.5-3cm is precious No. 0 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 3-3.5cm is special No. 001 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea seedling stage.
(5) fry rearing result
In April, 2014-July, siganus guttatus natural spawning, outside raising chamber, native pool area is 3 mu, indoor total seedling water 210 squares, and the pond rearing time is 25 days, according to as above method nursery 4 batches, cultivates 3-4cm siganus guttatus 1,100,000 tail altogether.
Reference examples
In April, 2013-July, siganus guttatus natural spawning, outside raising chamber, native pool area is 3 mu, and its cultivation result is:
(1) outdoor ponds utilization rate is reduced
In order to cultivate the fry of applicable pond or net cage adult fish culture, the pond rearing time needs 35 days-40 days, only can nursery 2 batches, greatly reduces outdoor ponds utilization rate, cultivates 3-3.5cm siganus guttatus 600,000 tail.
(2) feeding volume of biological feed is added
Outdoor ponds water body is large, and fry density is large, as artifical compound feed of only throwing something and feeding, the difference in size of fry will inevitably be caused large, therefore after artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding, must supplement a certain amount of biological feed, add seedling cost.
(3) risk that disease occurs is added
As fry fails to sell on time, also need to support temporarily in indoor.Period is supported temporarily in indoor, water body is little, fry quantity is many, and bait feeding amount is large, a large amount of residual bait and ight soil can be produced, as do not thrown in the Penaeus Vannmei of some, the residual bait of cleaning part not in time, ight soil and dead fish body of catching an illness, must cause variation water quality large, add the possibility that disease occurs.
Below the preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent modification or replacement under the prerequisite without prejudice to the invention spirit, and these equivalent modification or replacement are all included in the application's claim limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a method for siganus guttatus seed cultivation, comprises the following steps:
(1) pond rearing fry emerges: cultivate about 25 days in outdoor ponds after fry hatching, and when postlarva body reaches 1.5-1.8cm, postlarva scale is grown completely, can draw in the net to emerge;
(2) transport of fry: by body length for the postlarva shading of 1.5-1.8cm is transported, traffic density is 20000-30000 tail/m
3, in container, place gas stone;
(3) preparation of standard crude pool: adopt indoor half buried cement pit slightly to cultivate pond as mark, inject the seawater after sand filters after cultivating pond sterilization, height of water level is 1m, salinity 27 ~ 32, dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L, cultivates pond and keeps available light, and according to 3 tails/m
2density throws in Penaeus Vannmei;
(4) fry workshop mark is thick cultivates: first to fry disinfection, after fry is stable, artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding completely, repeatedly throws something and feeds on a small quantity, day feeding volume control the 6-8% in fry body weight; Every day, quantity of exchanged water was 200%, within every 5 days, screened with fry; Slightly cultivated by the indoor mark of 25 days, fry specification reaches 3.0-4.0cm, and pond or net cage can be descended to carry out adult fish culture.
2. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: fry starts bait for 6 days and transforms before drawing in the net to emerge in described step (1), throw something and feed protein content >=45% eel powder transform, before drawing in the net to emerge, the biological feed feeding volume of the 6th day is 80% of fish body weight, reduce the biological feed feeding volume of 20% of feeding volume the previous day later every day, 6:00,12:00 and 18:00 of every day are sprinkled into eel powder, throw something and feed at every turn and account for 33.3% of whole day feeding volume, fry is carried out to the domestication of bait.
3. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), the time of drawing in the net is about 6:00, and mesh size is 20 orders.
4. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: install aerating device according to the standard of every square of 4 gas heads in described step (2), dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L; Adopt black puggaree to carry out shading to cask, make light intensity≤1000Lx.
5. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the area 14 ~ 16m of indoor half buried cement pit in described step (3)
2, be 1.5 ~ 1.8m deeply; In described step (3), seawater water temperature is 28.5-30.5 DEG C.
6. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thick pond of cultivating of described step (3) acceptance of the bid adopts 40mg/L liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30min disinfection.
7. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), Penaeus Vannmei specification is that 6-10cm body is long.
8. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (4), the sterilization of fry adopts the 0.5ppm povidone iodine of 1% available iodine, addition is by adding 0.5ml in every cubic meter of water; Described fry is stable refers to that fry cluster, body colour are normal, decorative pattern is bright-coloured.
9. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4), the mark crude density of fry is below 2cm is 2500 tails/m
3, 2-2.5cm is 2000 tails/m
3, 2.5-3cm is 1500 tails/m
3, 3-3.5cm is 1000 tails/m
3; Thick feed Feeding time every day cultivating fry of mark is 6:00,9:00,12:00,13:00 and 18:00, throws something and feeds at every turn and accounts for 20% of whole day feeding volume.
10. the method for a kind of siganus guttatus seed cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4) mark of fry thick in for reducing fish body difference in size, suitable feed should be changed in good time; Fry below 2cm is precious micro-No. 1 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2-2.5cm is precious No. 00 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 2.5-3cm is precious No. 0 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea nursery, 3-3.5cm is special No. 001 of strong horse board compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea seedling stage; Within every 5 days, screen fry, the rear same specification of screening is put into same cultivation pond and is cultivated.
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| CN105409848A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for controlling bacterial diseases by co-culturing Siganus ConcatenaluJ and Penaeus japonicus |
| CN106942099A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-07-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | A kind of method of siganus guttatus fry hatching |
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