CN104303739B - A kind of method of artificial propagation bracken spore seedling - Google Patents
A kind of method of artificial propagation bracken spore seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303739B CN104303739B CN201410466824.8A CN201410466824A CN104303739B CN 104303739 B CN104303739 B CN 104303739B CN 201410466824 A CN201410466824 A CN 201410466824A CN 104303739 B CN104303739 B CN 104303739B
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- spore
- bracken
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to agriculture cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of method of artificial propagation bracken spore seedling, concrete operation step is, 1) spore collection and storage, 2) prepare before sowing, 3) medium heats, and 4) humus soil heating, 5) prepare compost, 6) farming in plot, 7) bracken spore is sowed, 8) cultivation of bracken spore, 9) obtain bracken spore seedling.Present method solves bracken spore breeding germination rate, key issue that survival rate is not high, achieve bracken spore Fast-propagation, high-yield and high-efficiency, bracken spore germination rate can be made to reach 90%, survival rate 95%, the transplanting of rice shoot more easily survives,, reduce costs meanwhile, improve profit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture cultivation field, is a kind of method of artificial propagation bracken spore seedling specifically.
Background technology
Fiddlehead is one of main wild vegetable of China, with the young tender leaf of fist volume and petiole for edible part, very popular.Because people are to the excessive collection of wild pteridophyte, make fiddlehead not grow normally and to multiply, the sharply atrophy causing wild resource is even exhausted, and supply falls short of demand for fiddlehead product, and the artificial cultivation of fiddlehead and natural cultivation have wide market prospects.Fiddlehead belongs to high spore producing plant, and it does not have seed, can only lean on spore and root-like stock vegetative propagation, and sporogenesis difficulty is large, the cycle is long, therefore production does not above generally adopt.The spontaneous fiddlehead root-like stock in field is more thin and weak, of poor quality, and reproduction coefficient is lower, looks not strong, easy aging limits throughput, limits the development of fiddlehead cultivation.
General method of planting fiddlehead in the woods is sow spore under shade density 90% condition, and normal conditions rudiment after 60 days, spore germination rate is at about 5-6%, and survival rate is at 1-2%.Although at the soil contamination grade of sylvan life than much lower in farmland, the clean conditions of soil still cannot make spore have very high germination rate.Because bracken spore seed is quite small, very easily infect, dead at once once infection spore, so the method that tradition cultivates bracken spore needs to improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for prior art Problems existing, to provide a kind of method that bracken spore is bred,
Its technical scheme is:
1) spore collection and storage: gather full spore, spore cleanliness >=60%, sieves and makes bracken spore powder, freezing stand-by;
2) prepare before sowing: before sowing, conidial powder is taken out, thaws, freezing, the process of again thawing;
3) medium heats: choose appropriate tree root, be cut into 3-7cm section shape, put into combustion furnace, and heating, obtains medium, take out stand-by;
4) humus soil heats: get appropriate humus soil, put into combustion furnace, and heating, obtains the humus soil through sterilization treatment, take out stand-by;
5) compost is prepared: by step 3) medium that obtains and step 4) humus soil mixing after sterilization treatment, obtain final compost;
6) farming in plot: hanging wire makees bed, spreads plastic film in bed surface, step 5) compost that obtains is laid on the plastic film of bed surface, then sprinkles water on compost, and soil moisture is 80%-90%;
7) bracken spore is sowed: put in sprayer by the conidial powder of soaking 25-30 minute with the red toxin of 300g/L, be sprayed at equably on compost, every square metre of conidial powder fountain height is 0.1g-0.2g, after planting uses smooth implements to shakeout soil, then covers on soil with preservative film;
8) cultivation of bracken spore: before after planting there is prothallium, keep bed surface relative moisture 85%-90%, preservative film is removed after there is prothallium, watering keeps the native relative moisture of table at 65%-75%, prothallus development becomes in the process of true leaf, growth temperature at 20-28 DEG C, shade density 80%-85%.
9) obtain bracken spore seedling: after planting 110-140 days, highly reach 20-23cm, the rice shoot of the long 20-30cm of underground rhizome is seedling, transplant.
Step 1) in bracken spore powder growth at the edge of blade bottom end, when conidial powder flavescence look or the dirty-green of blade edge, select physical purity of seed >=60%, ripe blade, cut and put into paper bag, in 25 ~ 27 DEG C of airing 40-50 hour, sift out with 300 order-500 order dusting covers, obtain bracken spore powder, conidial powder is positioned over-20 ~-25 DEG C freezing stand-by.
Step 2) in thaw, freezing, the processing procedure of again thawing is: conidial powder taken out and add 5-25 DEG C of cold water soak 5-6 hour, be placed on 90-100 hour under-40 DEG C ~-35 DEG C conditions, again the conidial powder of freezing mistake is placed into 5-7 days under-5 DEG C ~ 0 DEG C condition, finally places under 5 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C conditions after 20-30 hour and sow.
Step 3) described in tree root be one or more in toothed oak tree, elm, birch, willow or maple, heating and temperature control is at 250-300 DEG C, and the heat time is 60-80 minute;
Step 4) described in humus soil be humus soil in toothed oak tree, elm, birch, willow or maple below one or more trees, heating and temperature control is at 150-200 DEG C, and the heat time is 30-40 minute.
Step 5) described in medium and humus soil be mixed into compost according to the mass ratio of 1:5 ~ 7.
Step 6) in bed surface effective width be 1 meter to 1.2 meters, work road width is 30cm to 40cm, height of bed 15-25cm, and the compost thickness be laid on bed surface plastic film is 5cm-10cm, and porosity is 35%-50%.
Step 8) in bracken spore before after planting there is prothallium, every day sprays with sprayer, keep bed surface relative moisture at 80%-95%, remove preservative film after there is prothallium, used every 2-3 days the sterile water of 15-20 DEG C to spray and keep for 2-3 times the native relative moisture of table at 65%-75%.
In the method for the invention, step 2) in thaw, freezing, course of defrosting, step 4 again) heating of medium and step 5) sterilization treatment humous is crucial part of the present invention.
Advantageous Effects
The present invention is by freezing, the process of thawing to spore, with the preparation to compost, solve bracken spore breeding germination rate, key issue that survival rate is not high, achieve bracken spore Fast-propagation, high-yield and high-efficiency, according to this method breeding bracken spore, can make bracken spore germination rate reach 90%, survival rate 95%, the transplanting of rice shoot more easily survives.
, reduce costs meanwhile, improve profit, according to the method for propagative spore seedling of the present invention, after transplanting, 3 years raw fiddlehead per mu yields make a profit be sylvan life sporogenesis 2-3 doubly, be 4-5 times of Propagation of Rhizomes;
According to the method for propagative spore seedling of the present invention, after transplanting, 5 years raw fiddlehead output make a profit be sylvan life sporogenesis 1.5-2 doubly, be the 2.5-3 of Propagation of Rhizomes doubly, according to method breeding bracken spore of the present invention, there is clear superiority as seen.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for the present invention is described in further detail, but are not construed as limiting the invention, and concrete data of the present invention are only limitted to absolutely not these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Operating procedure is as follows:
1) spore collection and storage: bracken spore powder grows the edge in blade bottom end, when conidial powder flavescence look or the dirty-green of blade edge, select physical purity of seed >=60%, ripe blade, cut and put into paper bag, bracken spore in 25 DEG C of airings 40 hours, sifts out with 500 order dusting covers after gathering, obtain bracken spore powder, conidial powder is positioned over-25 DEG C freezing stand-by;
2) prepare before sowing: before sowing, conidial powder is taken out and adds 15 DEG C of cold water soak 5 hours, be placed on lower 100 hours of-35 DEG C of conditions, then the conidial powder of freezing mistake is placed into lower 7 days of-5 DEG C of conditions, finally places under 10 DEG C of conditions after 30 hours and can sow;
3) medium heats: choose the arbitrary proportioning mixing of 100kg toothed oak tree, elm, birch and willow, be cut into 3-7cm section shape, put into combustion furnace and heat, heating and temperature control is at 300 DEG C, and the heat time is 70 minutes, obtains medium, takes out stand-by;
4) humus soil heats: get 600kg toothed oak tree humus soil below, put into combustion furnace and heat, heating and temperature control is at 180 DEG C, and the heat time is 40 minutes, obtains the humus soil through sterilization treatment, takes out stand-by;
5) compost is prepared: by step 3) medium that obtains and step 4) humus soil mixing after sterilization treatment, obtain final compost;
6) farming in plot: hanging wire makees bed, bed surface effective width is 1.2 meters, work road width is 35cm, height of bed 15-25cm, bed surface spreads plastic film, and tile compost on plastic film, thickness is 5cm-10cm, sprinkle water on compost, maintenance soil moisture is 80%-90% again, ensures that the porosity of compost is 35%-50%;
7) bracken spore is sowed: will put in sprayer by the conidial powder that the red toxin C A (920) of 300g/L is soaked 30 minutes, be sprayed at equably on compost, every square metre of conidial powder fountain height is 0.1g-0.2g, after planting use smooth implements to shakeout soil, then cover on soil with preservative film;
8) cultivation of bracken spore: before after planting there is prothallium, every day sprays with sprayer, keep bed surface relative moisture 85%-90%, growth temperature is at 20 DEG C, remove preservative film after there is prothallium, used the sterile water of 20 DEG C to spray 3 maintenances every 3 days and show native relative moisture at 65%-75%, prothallus development becomes in the process of true leaf, growth temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C, shade density 80%-85%.
9) obtain bracken spore seedling: after planting 120 days, highly reach 20-23cm, the rice shoot of the long 20-30cm of underground rhizome is seedling, can transplant.
Embodiment 2
Operating procedure is as follows:
1) spore collection and storage: bracken spore powder grows the edge in blade bottom end, when conidial powder flavescence look or the dirty-green of blade edge, select physical purity of seed >=60%, ripe blade, cut and put into paper bag, bracken spore in 26 DEG C of airings 45 hours, sifts out with 400 order dusting covers after gathering, obtain bracken spore powder, conidial powder is positioned over-22 DEG C freezing stand-by;
2) prepare before sowing: before sowing, conidial powder taken out and adds 10 DEG C of cold water soak 6 hours, be placed on lower 95 hours of-38 DEG C of conditions, then the conidial powder of freezing mistake is placed into lower 7 days of-5 DEG C of conditions, finally places under 10 DEG C of conditions after 30 hours and can sow;
3) medium heats: choose the arbitrary proportioning mixing of 80kg toothed oak tree, elm, birch and willow, be cut into 3-7cm section shape, put into combustion furnace and heat, heating and temperature control is at 280 DEG C, and the heat time is 75 minutes, obtains medium, takes out stand-by;
4) humus soil heats: get the humus soil below 550kg elm, put into combustion furnace and heat, heating and temperature control is at 200 DEG C, and the heat time is 40 minutes, obtains the humus soil through sterilization treatment, takes out stand-by;
5) compost is prepared: by step 3) medium that obtains and step 4) humus soil mixing after sterilization treatment, obtain final compost;
6) farming in plot: hanging wire makees bed, bed surface effective width is 1.2 meters, work road width is 35cm, height of bed 15-25cm, bed surface spreads plastic film, and tile compost on plastic film, thickness is 5cm-10cm, sprinkle water on compost, maintenance soil moisture is 80%-90% again, ensures that the porosity of compost is 35%-50%;
7) bracken spore is sowed: will put in sprayer by the conidial powder that the red toxin C A (920) of 300g/L is soaked 25 minutes, be sprayed at equably on compost, every square metre of conidial powder fountain height is 0.1g-0.2g, after planting use smooth implements to shakeout soil, then cover on soil with preservative film;
8) cultivation of bracken spore: before after planting there is prothallium, every day sprays with sprayer, keep bed surface relative moisture 85%-90%, growth temperature is at 25 DEG C, remove preservative film after there is prothallium, used the sterile water of 20 DEG C to spray 2 maintenances every 2 days and show native relative moisture at 65%-75%, prothallus development becomes in the process of true leaf, growth temperature is controlled at 28 DEG C, shade density 80%-85%.
9) obtain bracken spore seedling: after planting 110 days, highly reach 20-23cm, the rice shoot of the long 20-30cm of underground rhizome is seedling, can transplant.
Claims (7)
1. a method for artificial propagation bracken spore seedling, is characterized in that, operating procedure is as follows,
1) spore collection and storage: gather full spore, spore cleanliness >=60%, sieves and makes bracken spore powder, freezing stand-by;
2) prepare before sowing: before sowing, conidial powder is taken out, thaws, freezing, the process of again thawing;
3) medium heats: choose appropriate tree root, be cut into 3-7cm section shape, put into combustion furnace, and heating, obtains medium, take out stand-by;
4) humus soil heats: get appropriate humus soil, put into combustion furnace, and heating, obtains the humus soil through sterilization treatment, take out stand-by;
5) compost is prepared: by step 3) medium that obtains and step 4) humus soil mixing after sterilization treatment, obtain final compost;
6) farming in plot: hanging wire makees bed, spreads plastic film in bed surface, step 5) compost that obtains is laid on the plastic film of bed surface, then sprinkles water on compost, and soil moisture is 80%-90%;
7) bracken spore is sowed: put in sprayer by the conidial powder of soaking 25-30 minute with 300g/L gibberellin, be sprayed at equably on compost, every square metre of conidial powder fountain height is 0.1g-0.2g, after planting uses smooth implements to shakeout soil, then covers on soil with preservative film;
8) cultivation of bracken spore: before after planting there is prothallium, keep bed surface relative moisture 85%-90%, growth temperature 15-25 DEG C, preservative film is removed after there is prothallium, become in the process of true leaf at prothallus development, watering keep table native relative moisture at 65%-75%, growth temperature at 20-28 DEG C, shade density 80%-85%;
9) obtain bracken spore seedling: after planting 110-140 days, highly reach 20-23cm, the rice shoot of the long 20-30cm of underground rhizome is seedling, transplant.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Step 1) in bracken spore powder growth at the edge of blade bottom end, when conidial powder flavescence look or the dirty-green of blade edge, the blade of maturation is cut and put into paper bag, after bracken spore gathers, in 25 ~ 27 DEG C of airing 40-50 hour, sift out with 300 order-500 order dusting covers, obtain bracken spore powder, conidial powder is positioned over-20 ~-25 DEG C freezing stand-by.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Step 2) in thaw, freezing, the processing procedure of again thawing is: conidial powder taken out and add 5-25 DEG C of cold water soak 5-6 hour, be placed on 90-100 hour under-40 DEG C ~-35 DEG C conditions, again the conidial powder of freezing mistake is placed into 5-7 days under-5 DEG C ~ 0 DEG C condition, finally places under 5 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C conditions after 20-30 hour and sow.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Step 3) described in tree root be one or more in toothed oak tree, elm, birch, willow or maple, heating and temperature control is at 250-300 DEG C, and the heat time is 60-80 minute;
Step 4) described in humus soil be humus soil in toothed oak tree, elm, birch, willow or maple below one or more trees, heating and temperature control is at 150-200 DEG C, and the heat time is 30-40 minute.
5. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Step 5) described in medium and humus soil be mixed into compost according to the mass ratio of 1:5 ~ 7.
6. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 6) in bed surface effective width be 1 meter to 1.2 meters, work road width is 30cm to 40cm, height of bed 15-25cm, the compost thickness be laid on bed surface plastic film is 5cm-10cm, and porosity is 35%-50%.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 8) in bracken spore before after planting there is prothallium, every day sprays with sprayer, keep bed surface relative moisture at 85%-90%, remove preservative film after there is prothallium, used every 2-3 days the sterile water of 15-20 DEG C to spray and keep for 2-3 times the native relative moisture of table at 65%-75%.
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| CN105123188A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-09 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling nursing technology |
| CN105145046A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-16 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | Wild fiddlehead rootstock introduction and cultivation technology |
| CN105123327A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-09 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling-nursing substrate |
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| CN106613833A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling culture method |
| CN106538393A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-03-29 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of method of mountain region high-yield culturing Herba Fimbristylis dichotomae |
| CN107278843A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of fast breeding method of fiddlehead seedling |
| CN107231905A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-10 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cold-resistant fiddlehead seedling |
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