CN104302249B - 形成断肢端部模具的机器 - Google Patents

形成断肢端部模具的机器 Download PDF

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CN104302249B
CN104302249B CN201380022696.1A CN201380022696A CN104302249B CN 104302249 B CN104302249 B CN 104302249B CN 201380022696 A CN201380022696 A CN 201380022696A CN 104302249 B CN104302249 B CN 104302249B
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S·加尔福约内
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Abstract

一种用于形成断肢(5)端部(3)阴模(2)的机器(1)，包括外部刚性管状体(7)、安装在刚性管状体(7)内部的管状膜(13)，管状膜具有相对的环状端部(13a)(13b)与对应的所述刚性管柱体(7)的相对端部流体密封连接，管状膜与管状体(7)限定断肢(5)通过的管道(14)，包括包围断肢(5)的密封细长环形腔(16)，以及在通道(14)内由通道(14)的出口提供的定位断肢(5)的基准膜(21)。

Description

形成断肢端部模具的机器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种形成断肢端部模具的机器。
背景技术
在生产用于断肢的假肢领域，特别是对于下文明确指出的不缺少一般性的下肢，通常的做法是先形成断肢的端部或残余部分的阴模(negative cast)，然后，在上述阴模的基础上，形成一个阳模，并在后者上形成相应假肢的附着部或插口部。
目前，这种假肢的阴模的生产是在一种非承重的环境下，即处于静止状态。为了获得尽可能接近肢端的模型，阴模和/或后序的模型要经过长时间，费力和复杂的定制加工操作。
一旦基于该模型形成假肢的附着部，上述附着部是通过在患者的断肢的端部嵌合，并在承重条件下进行一系列的连接测试来定制。在测试期间，为了消除断肢上的局部压力和/或断肢的肌肉部分和软组织上不希望存在的变形，将附着部逐渐地成模。
尽管被普遍使用，上述过程不仅需要丰富的经验和假肢的灵敏度，而且需要相当长的时间，需要患者的高参与度以及患者必须的合作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是生产一种形成断肢端部模具的机器，以简单低廉的方式解决了上述问题，特别地，使最终模具的生产不需要后续的机加工操作，同时减少了成型和定制时间。
根据本发明生产的形成断肢端部模具的机器，如权利要求1所述。
附图说明
本发明参照附图进行描述，附图标示一些非限制性的实施例，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明实施的一种优选的用于生产断肢端部模具的机器的实施例侧视图；
图2示出了图1在静止条件下的以剖面显示的放大细节图；
图3示出了图1在功能性状态下的以剖面显示的细节图；
图4示出了图1在静止条件下的以剖面显示的一种变型的放大细节图；
图5与图4类似地示出了图4在运行状态下的细节图；以及
图6示出了图1细节处的一种变型。
具体实施方式
在图1中，总的来看，附图标记1表示一个用于形成断肢5的端部3的阴模2(negative cast)(图3和图5)。
机器1包括一个固定的竖直立柱6，一个沿着立柱6高度可调且可锁止在沿着立柱6的固定位置的滑块6a，以及一个具有大体垂直的轴7a的刚性圆柱形管状体7。
管状体7包括上端部8和下端部9，所述下端部9与叉状体10的臂相结合以围绕水平轴11旋转。反过来，叉状体10铰接在滑块上以绕与轴7a和10正交的水平轴12旋转。
请参照图2，机构1还包括内部的管状膜13，所述管状膜由弹性可变形材料制成，例如天然胶乳护套。在所描述的具体实现例中，管状膜13可具有大约1mm的厚度并沿着轴7a被设置在刚性管状体7中，且该膜的母线在静止状态下长于上述管状体7的母线。膜13包括相对的示为13a和13b的环状端部，所述环状端部13a和13b以本身已知的方式分别与管状体7的端部8和端部9流体密封连接，且限定出贯通管道14，在使用中使断肢5的一部分3通过所述贯通管道。利用刚性管状体7的内表面，膜13限定出具有可变容积流体密封的细长环形腔16，所述细长环形腔围绕模具2(图3)且受到从进气阀18通入的压力流体的压力，流体优选为空气。
请再参照图2和图3，机器1进一步包括可以是轴向基准柔性装置19(axial reference compliant device)，用于断肢5的一部分3的自由端3a从通道14伸出。本描述的具体实施例中，装置19包括沿轴向滑动地固定在端部9中的环形活塞20，以及基准圆形膜21，所述膜可以在活塞20上发生弹性变形以及延展。膜21具有通气孔，以适于在腔16受压且对断肢3几乎施加零压力时，使流出的空气留在通道14内。
再参照图1，机器1进一步包括安装在端部8上的环形盖23，以对膜13的一部分13a限定阻挡。盖23包括附着部23a和弹性环状部24，弹性环状部24与轴7a十字交叉地向管状体7内突出，并且弹性环状部具有低于在受压实现轴向密封功能时管状膜13的负荷下变形能力。
根据一种没有图示的可变型实施例，机器1可不设置盖23，膜13自由地变形从管状体7的端部8伸出。在管状体7的相对侧，膜21(图3)界定出轴向阻挡，用于当膜13受压时容置端部13b，类似于环状部24履行的功能。
在图4、图5和图6所示的变型中，管状体7的上端部8具有斜切的切口形状并包括带有大体上为直线的母线的部件8a和一个直径另一端相对的部件8b，部件8b具有向外折叠的唇边或半马鞍形，并且部件8b低于部件8a的相对自由端边缘。部件8b相对部件8a为辐射式的，并限定了用于腹股沟-坐骨部27的伴随物。膜13与端部8a限定了轴向的和侧面支撑垫，并且膜13与折叠的端部8b限定了容积可变腔16的一部分16a。环形盖23随着端部8的切口和折叠的轮廓成形。在使用中，端部16a限定了搁置患者的腹股沟-坐骨部27的轴向气垫。
根据一种没有图示的可变型实施例，上端部8不包含部件8a，仅包括唇状的部件8b。而且在所述解决方案中，膜13在受压时，轴向延伸超出了端部8a的上端边缘。
在使用中，参照图1和图3所示，在特定的胫骨断肢情况中，断肢5的端部3会预先通过已知方式包扎在可塑性变形的绷带中，一旦完成硬化，模具2插在通道14中并向前移动至断肢5的末端部5a达到膜21。这时候，腔14逐渐加压，从而在部分3的外侧面被施加交叉于轴线7a的力，所述力相对于管状体7压紧并逐渐支撑断肢5。在腔14的逐渐增压过程中，患者逐渐把重量放在断肢5上，直至到达模拟双足支撑重量状态。在这个过程中，由于空气施加的压力，绷带逐渐变形，直到它呈现一种形状，该形状为断肢在负载下的精确的变形。
在阴模2的整个生产期间，膜13的特定管状形状，以及膜21的存在限制了断肢5端部的前表面3a上受到的轴向挤压力的释放。这避免了我们不希望的断肢5自由端软部件的膨胀，并限制了骨部受前部或点载荷的变形，由此患者实施的载荷反应被吸收，而仅换来了端部3的侧面和正在变形的模具2之间的作用力。
从图3中可以看出，在腔14增压的期间，膜13的端部13a在管状体的端部8的顶部外侧延伸，停留在盖23上，无论如何，此时呈现并创造了断肢5的环形气垫，在这种方式下，断肢至少被气垫部分包围，此时端部13b与膜21邻接。在使用中，上述设置在刚性管状体8的上端部外侧的气垫限定了对断肢5形成轴向的和/或径向支撑。
如果断肢5的端部3是大腿骨部33(图5)，重复与上述操作相同的成型过程。在这种情况下，活塞20的位置和膜21的位置可调，以便于患者的腹股沟和坐骨部27在折叠处8b的旁边。以这种方式，随着负载的施加和腔16的增压，设置在坐骨部27附近的绷带端部被坐骨部抵抗，并且形成恰好类似坐骨部27的模型。以这种方式，后面的插口为坐骨部形成桥台且负载也会经过该桥台释放到假肢上。
综上所述，很明显一方面机器1使阴模在负荷下成型，另一方面，阴模模型和阳模模型以及对应完成的插口等，其生产不再需要大量的加工调整操作。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于形成断肢端部阴模的机构，所述机构包括带有大体垂直的轴的外部刚性管状体、沿所述轴安装在刚性管状体内的可弹性变形的管状膜；所述膜包括相对的环状端部，所述相对的环状端部密封连接到对应的所述刚性管状体的相对端部，从而与刚性管状体限定一个断肢通过的导向通道，以及包围断肢的容积可变的密封细长的环形室；机构还包括进气装置，用于有效流体对所述室加压，以及轴向的柔性装置，用于接收断肢的自由端；所述膜受到流体压力变形时，至少一部分伸出到所述外部刚性管状体的外部并至少有部分包覆所述断肢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机构，其特征在于，所述伸出到所述刚性管状体的外部的部分限定了一个用于所述断肢的支撑垫，该支撑垫设置在所述刚性管状体上端部的外侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机构，其特征在于，所述柔性装置具有沿着所述外部刚性管状体的轴可调的位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机构，其特征在于，所述柔性装置包括平板膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机构，其特征在于，所述柔性装置还包括可沿着所述轴移动并保持所述平板膜延伸的活塞环状体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的机构，其特征在于，进一步包括与所述外部刚性管状体的所述相对端部连接的、安装在刚性管状体内的所述可弹性变形的管状膜的弹性止动装置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机构，其特征在于，所述弹性止动装置包括从所述管状体的上端部伸入所述管状体的环形弹性膜，环形弹性膜在负荷下的形变能力低于所述管状体在负荷下的形变能力。
8.根据权利要求6所述的机构，其特征在于，所述柔性装置为所述弹性止动装置的一部分。
9.根据权利要求1所述的机构，其特征在于，所述管状体的上端部包括具有向外折叠的唇边端部；所述唇边端部限定了用于患者坐骨部的支撑；所述膜与所述唇边端部限定了所述的包围断肢的容积可变的密封细长的环形室的一部分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机构，其特征在于，所述膜与所述唇边端部为所述患者的坐骨部限定了轴向支撑垫。
11.根据权利要求9所述的机构，其特征在于，所述管状体的上端部包括一个具有大致直线状的母线以及径向上相对于所述唇边端部相反的端部；所述唇边端部低于所述的具有大致直线状的母线的端部的自由端边缘。
12.根据权利要求1所述的机构，其特征在于，所述膜的母线长于所述外部刚性管状体的母线。
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PCT/IB2013/052001 WO2013136284A2 (en) 2012-03-13 2013-03-13 Machine for forming a cast of an end portion of an amputated limb

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