CN104294211B - 渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法 - Google Patents

渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法 Download PDF

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CN104294211B
CN104294211B CN201410560473.7A CN201410560473A CN104294211B CN 104294211 B CN104294211 B CN 104294211B CN 201410560473 A CN201410560473 A CN 201410560473A CN 104294211 B CN104294211 B CN 104294211B
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aluminizing
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aluminizing medium
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CN104294211A (zh
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赵勇桃
张韶慧
任慧平
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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer

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  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni‑Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法，属于表面处理领域。本发明在P92铁素体不锈钢表面镀镍后进行包埋渗铝，最佳的渗铝剂由质量百分比为6% Al、2% NH4Cl、2%无水SmCl3和90% Al2O3组成，经过热处理后，在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10‑6 g/cm2/s；渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3具有催渗、促渗作用，促进涂层形成Ni‑Al金属间化合物，最重要的是可以改善涂层在长时间高温服役环境下的致密性、结合力、热稳定性等性能，该方法具有节能、节材、工艺简便等优点，具有实际应用价值。

Description

渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法，属于表面处理领域。
背景技术
为了提高高温材料的工作效率和使用寿命，在材料表面涂覆复合涂层，增强材料的抗氧化能力，Ni-Al金属间化合物有着优良的高温抗氧化性能，涂覆的Ni-Al合金材料在高温抗氧化方面有着广阔的应用前景。文献Xiang Z D等人所著的Relationship BetweenPack Chemistry and Aluminide Coating Formation for Low-TemperatureAluminisation of Alloy Steels，Acta Materialia 2006, 54(17):4453-4463，提供了在P92钢表面采用两步法制备Ni2Al3/Ni的复合涂层，即先在材料表面镀一层纯镍，再在650℃下采用粉末包埋渗铝工艺使部分纯镍铝化；武汉科技大学吴道洁提供了在P92钢表面制备了Ni-Al化合物复合涂层，复合涂层存在着亟待解决问题，一是复合涂层随着等温退火时间的延长，孔洞严重增多增大的问题，二是元素扩散的问题；CN102864407A公开了稀土催渗氮碳共渗工艺，得出了稀土具有增加渗层致密度，提高工件的使用性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层，制备致密的、热稳定性好的高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法。
技术解决方案：
本发明是以P92铁素体不锈钢经过表面预处理、镀镍后为基体材料，基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂包含质量百分比为6% Al、2% NH4Cl、x% 无水SmCl3和(92-x)% Al2O3组份，x分别为0、2、4或6。将配好的四组渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中，将坩埚密封，在温度为650℃下进行热处理，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，涂层厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10-6~0.2830×10-6 g/cm2/s。
本发明最优选择渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3质量百分比为2%，得到致密的渗铝涂层，涂层厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10-6 g/cm2/s。
发明效果
本发明中渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3是影响复合涂层致密性和抗氧化性的关键，渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3的复合涂层抗氧化性优于未添加无水SmCl3的复合涂层，但添加过量的无水SmCl3渗铝层厚度不均匀，降低了复合涂层抗氧化性，添加2%无水SmCl3的涂层抗氧化性能最佳；渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3在热处理过程中不会产生水蒸汽，有利于制备致密的渗铝涂层；无水SmCl3除了催渗、促渗的作用外，钐原子沿晶界渗入镍层，促进涂层形成Ni-Al金属间化合物，最重要的是可以改善涂层在长时间高温服役环境下的致密性、结合力、热稳定性；在基体表面得到的高温抗氧化涂层，是利用金属间化合物优异的高温稳定性和各元素扩散时的相互制约，从而使此涂层具有较强的高温抗氧化性，该方法具有节能、节材、工艺简便等优点，具有重要的实际应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明渗铝剂中添加2%无水SmCl3的P92钢复合涂层OM图；
图2为本发明渗铝剂中添加2%无水SmCl3的P92钢复合涂层XRD图；
图3为本发明渗铝剂中添加2%无水SmCl3的P92钢复合涂层SEM图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
P92铁素体不锈钢表面预处理后为基体材料，基体材料在瓦特电镀液中镀镍，阳极为镍板，阴极为基体材料，电流密度为2.23 A/dm2，镀镍温度为45℃，时间为2小时，得到基体材料镀镍厚度为100 μm，镀镍的基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂由6%Al、2%NH4Cl和92% Al2O3质量百分比组成，将配好的渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中部，将坩埚用水玻璃泥密封，坩埚放在箱式电阻炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.2830×10-6 g/cm2/s。
实施例2
P92铁素体不锈钢表面预处理后为基体材料，基体材料在瓦特电镀液中镀镍，阳极为镍板，阴极为基体材料，电流密度为2.23A/dm2，镀镍温度为45℃，时间为2小时，得到基体材料镀镍厚度为100μm，镀镍的基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂由6% Al、2% NH4Cl、2%无水SmCl3和90% Al2O3质量百分比组成，将配好的渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中部，将坩埚用水玻璃泥密封，坩埚放在箱式电阻炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10-6 g/cm2/s。
实施例3
P92铁素体不锈钢表面预处理后为基体材料，基体材料在瓦特电镀液中镀镍，阳极为镍板，阴极为基体材料，电流密度为2.23A/dm2，镀镍温度为45℃，时间为2小时，得到基体材料镀镍厚度100μm，镀镍的基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂由6% Al、2% NH4Cl、4%无水SmCl3和88% Al2O3质量百分比组成，将配好的渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中部，将坩埚用水玻璃泥密封，坩埚放在箱式电阻炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.2440×10-6 g/cm2/s。
实施例4
P92铁素体不锈钢表面预处理后为基体材料，基体材料在瓦特电镀液中镀镍，阳极为镍板，阴极为基体材料，电流密度为2.23 A/dm2，镀镍温度为45℃，时间为2小时，得到基体材料镀镍厚度为100 μm，镀镍的基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂由6% Al、2% NH4Cl、6%无水SmCl3和86% Al2O3质量百分比组成，将配好的渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中部，将坩埚用水玻璃泥密封，坩埚放在箱式电阻炉中进行热处理，热处理温度为650℃，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.2108×10-6 g/cm2/s。

Claims (2)

1.渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法，其特征在于，P92铁素体不锈钢经过表面预处理、镀镍后为基体材料，基体材料在低温下包埋渗铝，渗铝剂由6%Al、2% NH4Cl、x% 无水SmCl3和(92-x)% Al2O3质量百分比组成，x分别为2、4或6，将配好的渗铝剂分别放入刚玉坩埚中，把镀镍的基体材料垂直放入渗铝剂中部，将坩埚密封，在温度为650℃下进行热处理，使得在镀镍基体表面上得到致密的渗铝涂层，涂层厚度为20 μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10-6~0.2440×10-6 g/cm2/s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3质量百分比为2%，得到致密的渗铝涂层，涂层厚度为20μm，复合涂层抗氧化速率为0.1715×10-6 g/cm2/s。
CN201410560473.7A 2014-10-21 2014-10-21 渗铝剂中添加无水SmCl3制备Ni-Al高温抗氧化复合涂层的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104294211B (zh)

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