CN104274754A - 一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,所述内服药物为:五味子10~20份,太子参10~20份,茯神10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,鸡内金10~20份,桑螵蛸10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,金樱子10~20份,白术10~20份,制首乌10~20份,远志10~20份,沙苑子10~20份,灸麻黄10~20份,炒芡实10~20份,益智仁10~20份,淫羊藿10~20份,乌药10~20份,巴戟天10~20份;所述外用药物为:生姜10~20份,肉桂10~20份,丁香10~20份,白芷10~20份,苍术10~20份,细辛10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,乌药10~20份。本发明温补肾阳,调节小儿脏腑功能。本组合以纯正中药配伍,没有任何毒副作用,可以长期使用,并且见效快,治愈后不易复发。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有来源于植物、动物或矿物原料的医用配制品,特别涉及一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
正常人的排尿是一个复杂的反射活动,是大脑皮质高级排尿中枢、皮质下中枢协调控制的结果。睡眠时大脑皮质处于抑制状态,但接受尿意的功能区仍发挥作用,当尿意刺激时即会惊醒。正常小儿在3岁时此功能才基本健全。遗传因素、睡眠过熟、精神、心理等因素会导致此功能失调或发育不全,就会产生遗尿。
小儿属稚阴稚阳之体,尚营卫未充,机能未盛。遗尿以虚寒居多,与肾、膀胱有关。肾主骨生髓,通于脑,“脑为髓海”,肾精不足,则髓海失养;“心主神明”心气虚弱,神无所主。可见心脑与肾息息相关。大脑是参与排尿反射的高级中枢,大脑皮层旁中央小叶有管理排尿及排便的功能,肾气不足,膀胱虚冷,不能约束水液,故见遗尿。
一般说来,宝宝在1岁或1岁半时,就能在夜间控制排尿了,尿床现象已大大减少。但有些孩子到了2岁甚至2岁半后,还只能在白天控制排尿,晚上仍常常尿床,这依然是一种正常现象。大多数孩子3岁后夜间不再遗尿。但是如果3岁以上还在尿床,次数达到一个月两次以上,就不正常了。
尿床在医学上称为“夜遗症”、“夜遗尿”。尿床也是病?听起来挺新鲜的,其实一点儿都不稀奇。小儿不自觉地排尿。睡中自出者,俗称尿床。常见于三岁以上的小儿。多因肾气不足,膀胱寒冷,下元虚寒,或病后体质虚弱,脾肺气虚,或不良习惯所致。《诸病源候论》:“遗尿者,此由膀胱有冷,不能约于水故也。”膀胱寒冷者,治宜温经固脬,用缩泉丸、固脬丸;肾气不足者,治宜益气补肾,用金匮肾气丸;脾肺气虚者,宜益气固涩,用补中益气汤加减;不良习惯指最易引起遗尿的仰面平卧体位,不需服药,纠正办法是用布带于小儿腰背后作一大结以使仰卧时不适而转为侧卧。
祖国医学认为,导致小儿遗尿原因很多,多与脏腑功能失调有关。根本原因是脏腑功能发育延迟或功能不完善,造成脾胃虚弱,肾气不足,脏腑功能不协调而引起。
1、肾气不足,肾为先天之本,肾中精气的蒸腾气化不利则致遗尿。症见:睡中遗尿,尿量多,色清,熟睡不易叫醒,面色淡白,精神不振,形寒肢冷,舌质淡润,苔薄白,脉沉迟无力。
2、脾肺气虚脾虚常致胃纳不佳,脾失健运,营养供给及吸收不良,致患者体质更加虚弱。肺失宣降,肺火上炎,均可致遗尿。症见:睡中遗尿、尿频而量多,面色无华,神疲乏力,脾虚致胃纳不佳,食欲不振,大便溏薄,舌质淡,脉缓细。
3、肝经湿热脾弱导致肝旺,脾虚中阳不运,水谷精气不能生化如常,肝失疏泄,肝旺侮土致遗尿。症见:睡中遗尿,尿频量少,性情急燥,多动,手足心热,唇红而干,舌质红苔黄脉弦数或滑。
肾为先天之本,脾为后天之本,后天养先天,脾胃功能虚弱,后天气血生化无源,不能补养先天而致肾虚,肾与膀胱相表里,肾气足,膀胱固摄有权,开合有度。而肾气不足,膀胱固摄功能弱,致开合无度而自遗。肺与肾相关联,肺虚久伤及肾,肾虚久而伤肺,肺肾两虚终及遗尿。因此先天发育不良及后天的脏腑功能虚亏,均会导致遗尿发生。遗尿症发病原因很多,遗尿病症严重影响儿童的身心健康。
对于小儿遗尿,目前国内外治疗此症的药物众多,西药多是中枢神经兴奋药,毒副作用较大,且疗效不稳定。而中药针对个体差异,灵活配伍。中医治疗遗尿症主张“望问闻切”辨症施治方能收效,但中成药副作用虽小,效果则有待提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,对于小儿遗尿,目前国内外治疗遗尿症的药物众多,西药多是中枢神经兴奋药,毒副作用较大,且疗效不稳定,停药后易复发。中医学认为,小儿遗尿的发生主要与肾、膀胱及脾、肺有关。由于小儿先天禀赋不足,脾肺气虚,下元虚冷,不能温养膀胱,闭藏失职,肾虚不摄故致遗尿。小儿身体正在生长发育,所以应避免使用西药带来的副作用,本发明以纯正中药配伍,本发明内服外用共同作用,通过理气活血,调畅气血、疏通经络,兼以滋补肝肾,使人体调整到持久,稳定的阴阳平衡、气血通畅的状态没有任何毒副作用,可以长期使用,并且见效快,治愈后不易复发。
为解决上述技术问题,本分明提供一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,由内服药物和外用药物组成,所述内服药物原料药的重量份数可以为:五味子10~20份,太子参10~20份,茯神10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,鸡内金10~20份,桑螵蛸10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,金樱子10~20份,白术10~20份,制首乌10~20份,远志10~20份,沙苑子10~20份,灸麻黄10~20份,炒芡实10~20份,益智仁10~20份,淫羊藿10~20份,乌药10~20份,巴戟天10~20份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数可以为:生姜10~20份,肉桂10~20份,丁香10~20份,白芷10~20份,苍术10~20份,细辛10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,乌药10~20份。
所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其所述内服药物原料药的重量份数还可以为:五味子10~15份,太子参10~15份,茯神10~15份,菟丝子10~15份,鸡内金10~15份,桑螵蛸10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,金樱子10~15份,白术10~15份,制首乌10~20份,远志10~20份,沙苑子10~20份,灸麻黄10~20份,炒芡实10~20份,益智仁10~20份,淫羊藿10~20份,乌药10~20份,巴戟天10~20份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数还可以为:生姜10~15份,肉桂10~15份,丁香10~15份,白芷10~15份,苍术10~15份,细辛10~15份,石菖蒲10~15份,乌药10~15份。
所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其所述内服药物原料药的重量份数也可以为:五味子10~20份,太子参10~20份,茯神10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,鸡内金10~20份,桑螵蛸10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,金樱子10~20份,白术10~20份,制首乌10~15份,远志10~15份,沙苑子10~15份,灸麻黄10~15份,炒芡实10~15份,益智仁10~15份,淫羊藿10~15份,乌药10~15份,巴戟天10~15份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数也可以为:生姜10~13份,肉桂10~13份,丁香10~13份,白芷10~13份,苍术10~13份,细辛10~13份,石菖蒲10~13份,乌药10~13份。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供了一种所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物的制备方法,其所述内服药物的剂型为冲剂的制备步骤包括:
a、取所述原料药粉碎,过筛,放入乙醇中浸泡24小时以上,热提取2次,成膏状,为组分1;
b、药渣加水提取2次,浓缩过滤为膏状,为组分2;
c、将上述两种膏状合并,加糊精制成颗粒冲剂。
所述步骤a中,可以取原料药粉碎,过80-100目筛,将粉碎后的颗粒加入5-10倍量的乙醇中浸泡24小时以上,开始加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分1。
所述步骤b中,可以将上述乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加10倍量水,加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分2。
所述步骤c中,可以将组分1和组分2的浸膏合并,加入糊精或果味剂,调和均匀后放入制粒机中制粒,干燥,装袋,使用时直接冲水服用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明也提供了一种所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物的制备方法,所述外用药物的剂型为肚脐贴剂,制备方法包括:
a、将所述原料药蒸馏汽化,结晶物作为组份1备用;
b、将蒸馏过的药渣加乙醇提取,作为组份2备用;
c、将组份1和组份2合并,压入无妨胶布内成膏药剂,外用。
所述步骤b中,可以将蒸馏过的原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,去上清液,合并提取液,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成为组分2。
所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其所述内服药物的剂型可以为:糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、丹剂、溶液剂或注射剂;所述外用药物的剂型为可以是肚脐贴剂。
本发明有益技术效果在于:本发明内服外用共同作用,通过理气活血,调畅气血、疏通经络,兼以滋补肝肾,使人体调整到持久,稳定的阴阳平衡、气血通畅的状态。脐为神厥穴,居中焦为冲任主穴,用丁香、肉桂等敷脐,既能调理脾胃,又能助阳固涩,同时膀胱训练可以增大膀胱容量,协调患儿储尿、排尿功能,更大程度上改善遗尿症状。本发明益智仁、太子参重在统摄,养心健脾安神,促进大脑发育增强统领脏腑之力;能改善大脑是参与排尿反射的高级中枢,大脑皮层旁中央小叶有管理排尿及排便的功能,肾气不足,膀胱虚冷,不能约束水液,故见遗尿。
小儿身体正在生长发育,所以应避免使用西药带来的副作用,本发明以纯正中药配伍,没有任何毒副作用,可以长期使用,并且见效快,治愈后不易复发。
具体实施方式
正常人的排尿是一个复杂的反射活动,是大脑皮质高级排尿中枢、皮质下中枢协调控制的结果。睡眠时大脑皮质处于抑制状态,但接受尿意的功能区仍发挥作用,当尿意刺激时即会惊醒。正常小儿在3岁时此功能才基本健全。遗传因素、睡眠过熟、精神、心理等因素会导致此功能失调或发育不全,就会产生遗尿。
小儿属稚阴稚阳之体,尚营卫未充,机能未盛。遗尿以虚寒居多,与肾、膀胱有关。肾主骨生髓,通于脑,“脑为髓海”,肾精不足,则髓海失养;“心主神明”心气虚弱,神无所主。可见心脑与肾息息相关。遗尿是指3岁以上的小儿在睡眠中不能自主控制排尿,常在梦中小便自遗的一种病症。轻者数夜1次,重者一夜数次。其发病率为5.6%-14.7%,以3~10岁的儿童较为多见,少数可延长到十几岁以至成年。
小儿遗尿,俗称尿床,是儿童常见病,多见于学龄前儿童,轻者数日遗尿1次或尿出后能醒,重者一夜遗尿数次,遗后仍熟睡不醒。一般为功能性疾病,愈后良好,但如果长期不愈,可影响患儿身心健康。
目前国内外治疗遗尿症的药物众多,西药多是中枢神经兴奋药,毒副作用较大,且疗效不稳定,停药后易复发。西医常用药物有:1.丙咪嗪,为中枢兴奋剂,可减轻睡眠深度,每晚口服25~50mg,适用于觉醒障碍型。2.奥昔布宁,别名尿多灵,能降低膀胱内压,增加容量,减少不自主性的膀胱收缩,入睡前口服2.5~5mg,适用于昼夜尿频型。3.麻黄素,睡前口服25mg,可增加膀胱颈部和后尿道的收缩力,同时有兴奋中枢作用,可用于混合型。4.去氨加压素:是一种人工合成的抗利尿激素,别名弥凝,睡前口服0.2mg~0.4mg/次,适用于夜间多尿型。联合应用阿米替林、去氨加压素和奥昔布宁是目前认为治疗夜间遗尿症的“黄金搭档”。以3个月为一疗程,优点是见效快,缺点是有不同程度的副作用并且停药后易复发。中医学认为,小儿遗尿的发生主要与肾、膀胱及脾、肺有关。由于小儿先天禀赋不足,脾肺气虚,下元虚冷,不能温养膀胱,闭藏失职,肾虚不摄故致遗尿。《诸病源候论》云:“遗尿者,此由膀胱虚冷,不能约于水故也。”《幼幼集成》认为:“此皆肾与膀胱虚寒也。”《证治准绳·遗尿》日:“肾与膀胱俱虚,而冷气乘之,故不能拘制,其水出而不禁,谓之遗尿。”《金匮要略》云:“脾肺气虚不能约束水道而病不禁者。”因此,遗尿历代医家均以温补肾阳、补脾益肺、清心开窍、固涩止遗为治疗原则。
西医学认为,患儿深睡不知排尿反射是造成反复遗尿的根本原因,因此“催醒”是治疗遗尿症的关键。据药理研究报道,麻黄对中枢神经系统有明显兴奋作用,配合石菖蒲、远志开窍醒神,促进大脑尿意通道早期形成,使患儿在受到膀胱充盈刺激后易醒,自觉起床小便。
肾为先天之本,脾为后天之本,后天养先天,脾胃功能虚弱,后天气血生化无源,不能补养先天而致肾虚,肾与膀胱相表里,肾气足,膀胱固摄有权,开合有度。而肾气不足,膀胱固摄功能弱,致开合无度而自遗。肺与肾相关联,肺虚久伤及肾,肾虚久而伤肺,肺肾两虚终及遗尿。因此先天发育不良及后天的脏腑功能虚亏,均会导致遗尿发生。遗尿症发病原因很多,遗尿病症严重影响儿童的身心健康。
小儿属稚阴稚阳之体,尚营卫未充,机能未盛。遗尿以虚寒居多,与肾、膀胱有关。肾主骨生髓,通于脑,“脑为髓海”,肾精不足,则髓海失养;“心主神明”心气虚弱,神无所主。可见心脑与肾息息相关。大脑是参与排尿反射的高级中枢,大脑皮层旁中央小叶有管理排尿及排便的功能,肾气不足,膀胱虚冷,不能约束水液,故见遗尿。本发明益智仁重在统摄,养心健脾安神,促进大脑发育增强统领脏腑之力;远志健脑补肾,止泻止遗益气摄水重在治本。山茱萸温散下焦虚冷,以助膀胱气化,固涩小便;桑螵蛸、金樱子、沙苑子、五味子、巴戟天功在固摄,暖肾固精止遗;酌加山茱萸温补固涩,以提高疗效;配合五味子、金樱子、鸡内金诸药以摄脾肾之气,开结滞之中而留其阴津之清,化阴湿之浊,升清降浊,增强膀胱控尿功能,重在治标;适量(炙)麻黄辛散合收敛,调畅气机,通调肺肾,起到约束膀胱升降有序的作用,气化正常而排尿自能控制。
脐为神厥穴,居中焦为冲任主穴,用丁香、肉桂等敷脐,既能调理脾胃,又能助阳固涩,同时膀胱训练可以增大膀胱容量,协调患儿储尿、排尿功能,更大程度上改善遗尿症状。
菟丝子在《神农本草经》中被列为上品。其气味辛,甘,平无毒。功能与主治:补肾益精,养肝明目。适用于肝肾不足的腰膝筋骨酸痛,腿脚软弱无力、阳痿遗精、呓语、小便频数、尿有佘沥、头晕眼花、视物不清、耳鸣耳聋以及妇女带下、习惯性流产等症。一般情况下被列为上品的可以久服,久服明目轻身延年。但阳虚火旺、阳强不痿及大便燥结者禁服,根据个人体质,如果出现上火迹象,就停止服用。它会引起性功能亢进。
金樱子根皮提制栲胶;果实入药,有利尿、补肾作用;叶有解毒消肿作用;根药用,能活血散瘀、拔毒收敛、祛风驱湿。果实含维生素C、苹果酸、枸橼酸、鞣质、皂甙等。用于肾虚不固,遗精滑精,遗尿,尿频,或妇女带下量多;脾虚久泻不止,或久痢大肠不固。此外,也可用于体虚元气不固,脱肛、子宫脱垂、崩漏、涩肠,固精,止泄痢,缩小便。金樱子是一味补肾的名药。中医认为,金樱子味酸,性平,入肾、大肠二经,有固精涩肠,缩尿止泻的功效。可以治疗遗精滑精,尿频遗尿,带下,崩漏,自汗,盗汗,肺虚咳嗽,脾虚泻痢等。现代药理学研究证实:金樱子提取物可延长排尿间隔时间;所含鞣质对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌等有较强的抑制作用。
茯苓味甘、淡、性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用。现代医学研究:茯苓能增强机体免疫功能,茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤及保肝脏作用。茯苓性味甘淡平,入心、肺、脾经。具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。可治小便不利,水肿胀满,痰饮咳逆,呕逆,恶阻,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘等症。茯苓之利水,是通过健运脾肺功能而达到的,与其它直接利水的中药不同。用于脾虚泄泻,带下茯苓既能健脾,又能渗湿,对于脾虚运化失常所致泄泻、带下,应用茯苓有标本兼顾之效,常与党参、白术、山药等配伍。有可用为补肺脾,治气虚之辅佐药。
制首乌:中药何首乌有生首乌与制首乌之分,直接切片入药为生首乌,用黑豆煮汁拌蒸后晒干入药为制首乌。二者的功用有所不同:生首乌功能解毒、消痈、润肠通便,常用于治疗瘰疬疮痈、风疹瘙痒、肠燥便秘;制首乌功能补肝肾、益精血、乌须发、强筋骨,用于血虚萎黄、眩晕耳鸣、须发早白、腰膝酸软、肢体麻木、崩漏带下、久疟体虚等。本发明所采用的制首乌是补肾益肾的佳品。
白术味苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。主治健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。白术对瘤细胞有细胞毒作用,能降低瘤细胞的增殖率,减低瘤组织的侵袭性,提高机体抗肿瘤反应的能力。白术挥发油对小鼠艾氏腹水癌、淋巴肉瘤腹水型、食管癌(Ecal09)、肉瘤180等有抑制作用。白术内酯B腹腔注射对小鼠肉瘤民。也有显著抑制作用。《药性论》载其:君,味甘,辛,无毒。能主大风痹,多年气痢,心腹胀痛,破消宿食,开胃,去痰涎,除寒热,止下泄。主面光悦,驻颜,去黑。治水肿胀满,吐呕逆,腹内冷痛,吐泻不住,及胃气虚冷痢。
鸡内金:鸡内金是指家鸡的砂囊内壁,系消化器官,用于研磨食物,该品为传统中药之一,用于消化不良、遗精盗汗等症,效果极佳,故而以“金”命名。甘,寒。归脾、胃、小肠、膀胱经。消食健胃助消化,涩精止遗。可以促进胃液分泌,提高胃酸度及消化力,使胃运动功能明显增强,胃排空加快。《日华子本草》:止泄精,并尿血、崩中、带下、肠风、泻痢。《滇南本草》:宽中健脾,消食磨胃。治小儿乳食结滞,肚大筋青,痞积疳积。
桑螵蛸成甘,平,用于肾虚遗精,早泄,阳痿,白浊,带下。治肾气虚弱,精关不固,遗精滑泄者,配龙骨、五味子,以补肾固精;肾阳不足,下元虚冷,阳痿早泄,四肢酸痛者,配仙灵脾、巴戟天、菟丝子、山黄肉,或与五味子、五味子、附子相伍,以温肾助阳,《本经》:″主伤中,疝瘕,阴痿,益精生子。女子血闭腰痛,通五淋,利小便水道。″《别录》:″疗男子虚损,五藏气微,梦寐失精,遗溺。″
山茱萸,主治心下邪气寒热,温中,逐寒温痹,去三虫,久服轻身有强阴益精、安五脏、通九窍、止小便淋沥之功;久服明目、强力长年。山茱萸,又名山芋肉、药枣、实枣儿、枣皮、肉枣等,为我国常用名贵中药材,应用历史悠久。它以其补力平和、壮阳而不助火,滋阴而不腻膈,收敛而不留邪等特殊功效被历代医学所喜用。张仲景以山茱萸为君创制了“金匮肾气丸”。据化学分析,山茱萸含有生理活性较强的山茱萸甙、酒石酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、树酯、鞣质和多种维生素等有效成分,具有增强免疫、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用,是中医临床中常用的一味药。
巴戟天辛、甘,微温。功效补肾助阳;祛风除湿;强筋壮骨。主治肾虚阳痿;遗精早泄;少腹冷痛;小便不禁;宫冷不孕;风寒湿痹;腰膝酸软;风湿肢气。《本草求真》:巴戟天,据书称为补肾要剂,能治五痨七伤,强阴益精,以其体润故耳。然气味辛温,又能祛风除湿,故凡腰膝疼痛,风气脚气水肿等症,服之更为有益。观守真地黄饮子,用此以治风邪,义实基此,未可专作补阴论也。《本经》:主大风邪气,阴痿不起,强筋骨,安五脏,补中增志益气。
远志(Radix Polygalae)为常用中药,最早记载于《神农本草经》,列为上品,并被视为养命要药,来源于远志科植物远志Polygala tenuifoliaWilld.和卵叶远志P.sibirica L.的干燥根。性温,味苦、辛,具有安神益智、祛痰、消肿的功能,用于心肾不交引起的失眠多梦、健忘惊悸,神志恍惚,咳痰不爽,疮疡肿毒,乳房肿痛。《神农本草经》:主咳逆伤中,补不足,除邪气,利九窍,益智慧,耳目聪明,不忘,强志倍力。
沙苑子性温,味甘。功能主治温补肝肾,固精,缩尿,明目。用于肾虚腰痛、遗精早泄、白浊带下、小便佘沥、眩晕目昏。《纲目》:补肾,治腰痛泄精,虚损劳乏。《本草求原》:治肺痿,肾冷,尿多,遗溺,明目,长肌肉。能保护肝糖元积累,降血脂、降酶;能减慢心率,降低血压,增加脑血流量;能改善血液流变学指标,抑制血小板凝聚;能增强机体免疫力,提高机体特异性和非特异性免疫功能;有抗疲劳、增加体重、耐寒等作用;有镇痛、镇静、解热、抗炎、抗利尿等作用
灸麻黄:麻黄辛、微苦,温。归肺、膀胱经。本品发汗解表和利水消肿力强,多用于风寒表实证,胸闷喘咳,风水浮肿,风湿痹痛,阴疽,痰核。炙麻黄用于水肿。本品利尿退肿,可用于水肿小便不利之证。因其上宣肺气、发汗解表,可使肌肤的水湿从毛窍外散,并通调水道、下输膀胱以下助利尿之力,故宜于水肿初起,而有表证者。《金匮要略》甘草麻黄汤,其与甘草同用,即可获效。如再配伍其他发汗解表药和利水退肿药,则疗效更佳,如《金匮要略》越婢加术汤,其与生姜、白术等同用。
益智仁味辛;性温,温肾固精缩尿,温脾开胃摄痰,主治脾胃虚寒;呕吐;泄泻;腹中冷育;口多唾涎;肾虚遗尿;尿频;遗精;白浊,多唾液等症。益智仁含挥发油、益智仁酮、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E及多种氨基酸、脂肪酸等。益智仁煎剂具有健胃、抗利尿、减少唾液分泌的作用。其水提取物有抑制腹水型肉瘤S180。细胞增长的作用。其水提取物和乙醇提取物有抑制回肠收缩的作用。此外,其甲醇提取物有增强左心房收缩力、抑制氯化钾引起的免主动脉收缩和抑制前列腺素合成酶的活性等作用。肾虚遗尿、尿频者益智仁、乌药各等份。研为细末,酒煎山药未为糊,制丸如梧桐子大。每服9克,用淡盐汤或米饮送下,每日3次。或用盐炒益智仁、盐炒五味子各60克。共研为细末,分作6包,每天早晨以米汤泡服1包(成人加倍),6日为1个疗程。
太子参味甘,性温,无毒,补益脾肺,益气生津。治肺虚咳嗽,脾虚食少,心悸,怔忡,水肿,消渴,精神疲乏。有补气益血、生津、补脾胃的作用。适于小儿夏季久热不退、饮食不振、肺虚、咳嗽、心悸等虚弱之症以及小儿病后体弱无力、自汗、盗汗、口平等症。《本草再新》:治气虚肺燥,补脾土,消水肿,化痰止渴。《饮片新参》:补脾肺元气,止汗生津,定虚悸。
茯神:茯神为多孔菌科卧孔属植物茯苓【(Poria cocos Schw.)Wolf】的菌核,原物种为低等植物,是寄生在松树上的真菌。药用部分为干燥菌核体。性味甘、淡平。有渗湿、健脾、宁心等功能。用于痰饮、水肿、小便不利、泄泻、心悸、眩晕。《药品化义》:茯神,其体沉重,重可去怯,其性温补,补可去弱。戴人曰,心本热,虚则寒。如心气虚怯,神不守舍,惊悸怔忡,魂魄恍惚,劳怯健忘,俱宜温养心神,非此不能也。《别录》:疗风眩,风虚,五劳,口干。止惊悸,多恚怒,善忘。开心益智,养精神。
五味子温;酸、甘;归肺、心、肾经;收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘,梦遗滑精,遗尿尿频,久泻不止,自汗,盗汗,津伤口渴,短气脉虚,内热消渴,心悸失眠。《本草经疏》载:五味子主益气者,肺主诸气,酸能收,正入肺补肺,故益气也。其主咳逆上气者,气虚则上壅而不归元,酸以收之,摄气归元,则咳逆上气自除矣。劳伤赢瘦,补不足,强阴,益男子精。《别录》养五脏,除热,生阴中肌者,五味子专补肾,兼补五脏,肾藏精,精盛则阴强,收摄则真气归元,而丹田暖,腐熟水谷,蒸糟粕而化精微,则精自生,精生则阴长,故主如上诸疾也。
炒芡实:取净芡实,置预热炒制容器内,用文火加热,炒至微黄色,具香气时,取出晾凉。用时捣碎。炒芡实:炒后性偏温,气香,增强补脾和固涩作用,清炒芡实和麸炒芡实的功用相似,均以补脾和固涩力胜。常用于脾虚泄泻和肾虚精关不固的滑精。但一般脾虚泄泻可选用麸炒品,精关不固的滑精不止可选用清炒品。《本经》:主湿痹腰脊膝痛,补中除暴疾,益精气,强志,令耳目聪明。据知,芡实含有丰富的碳水化合物,约为75%,而脂肪只含0.2%,所以很容易被人体所吸收。它不但能健脾益胃,还能补充营养素,平时消化不良,或出汗多又容易腹泻的,经常吃芡实粥,或煮红糖水喝,效果不错。如果芡实与瘦肉同炖,对解除神经痛、头痛、关节痛、腰腿痛也有好处。
淫羊藿辛、甘、温,归肝、肾经。能补肾助阳,强筋健骨,祛风除湿,善治肾阳不足,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频;风湿痹痛,骨痿瘫疾。《本草述》云“淫羊火,《本经》药主阴痿绝伤,《日华子》亦首言其疗男子绝阳,女子绝阴,则谓入命门、补真阳者是也。盖命门为肾中之真阳,即人身之元气也,其所谓绝阳绝阴,不本之元气,何以嘘之于既槁。所谓益气力,强志,并治冷气劳气,筋骨挛急等证,皆其助元气之故。老人昏耄,中年健忘,皆元阳衰败而不能上升者也。须知此味以降为升,其升由于能降也。
乌药辛,温。入胃,肾经,功效行气止痛,温肾散寒。尿频,遗尿。该品辛散温通,入肾与膀胱而温肾散寒,缩尿止遗。常与益智仁、山药等同用,治肾阳不足、膀胱虚冷之小便频数、小儿遗尿,如缩泉丸(《校注妇人大全良方》)“乌药,气雄性温,故快气宣通,疏散凝滞,甚于香附。外解表而理肌,内宽中而顺气。以之散寒气,则客寒冷痛自除;驱邪气则天行疫瘴即却;开郁气,中恶腹痛,胸膈胀满,顿然可减;疏经气,中风四肢不遂,初产血气凝滞,渐次能通,皆藉其气雄之功也。”
外用:
石菖蒲辛、苦,温。归心、胃经。主治化湿开胃,开窍豁痰,醒神益智。用于脘痞不饥,噤口下痢,神昏癫痫,健忘耳聋。理气,活血,散风,去湿。治癫痫,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。《本经》:″主风寒湿痹,咳逆上气,开心孔,补五脏,通九窍,明耳目,出音声。″《别录》:″主耳聋,痈疮,温肠胃,止小便利,四肢湿痹,不得屈伸,小儿温疟,身积热不解,可作浴汤。聪耳目,益心智。″
乌药辛,温。入胃,肾经,功效行气止痛,温肾散寒。尿频,遗尿。该品辛散温通,入肾与膀胱而温肾散寒,缩尿止遗。常与益智仁、山药等同用,治肾阳不足、膀胱虚冷之小便频数、小儿遗尿,如缩泉丸(《校注妇人大全良方》)“乌药,气雄性温,故快气宣通,疏散凝滞,甚于香附。外解表而理肌,内宽中而顺气。以之散寒气,则客寒冷痛自除;驱邪气则天行疫瘴即却;开郁气,中恶腹痛,胸膈胀满,顿然可减;疏经气,中风四肢不遂,初产血气凝滞,渐次能通,皆藉其气雄之功也。
生姜辛、微温,归肺脾胃经。发汗解表,温中止呕,温肺止咳,解鱼蟹毒,解药毒。中医认为,姜是助阳之品,于是自古以来中医素有“男子不可百目无姜”之语。姜具有加快人体新陈代谢、通经络等作用,因此,姜常被用于男性保健,可以起到助阳的作用,对肾虚阳痿也有一定的治疗作用。如果男性常感胃寒、食欲不振,可以经常含服鲜姜片,刺激胃液分泌,促进消化。干姜温中散寒,健胃活血。
肉桂性大热,味辛、甘。止痛药;助阳药。发汗解肌,温通经脉。补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,活血通经。暖脾胃,除积冷,通血脉。治命门火衰,肢冷脉微,亡阳虚脱,腹痛泄泻,寒疝奔豚,腰膝冷痛,经闭症瘕,阴疽,流注,及虚阳浮越,上热下寒。主治:用于阳痿、宫冷、心腹冷痛、虚寒吐泻、经闭、痛经、温经通脉。《药性论》:主治九种心痛,杀三虫,主破血,通利月闭,治软脚,痹、不仁,胞衣不下,除咳逆,结气、拥痹,止腹内冷气,痛不可忍,主下痢,鼻息肉。杀草木毒。《日华子本草》:治一切风气,补五劳七伤,通九窍,利关节,益精,明目,暖腰膝,破痃癖症瘕,消瘀血,治风痹骨节挛缩,续筋骨,生肌肉。
丁香甘、辛、大热丁香性温,味辛。香气馥郁,味辛辣,即可作为食品调味也可入药。其药用价值可观,可改善衰弱体质与贫血,治疗皮肤溃疡及伤口发炎,改善粗糙肌肤。由丁香花蕾蒸馏所得到的丁香油,能杀菌、净化呼吸器官、解除紧张、振奋精神促进血液循环,治疗皮肤溃疡及伤口发炎,治疗疥癣,改善粗糙肌肤。稀释后可治疗皮肤创伤,消肿抗炎,促进皮肤快速愈合,抑制细菌及微生物滋长。中医认为,丁香味辛、性温,具有温中降逆、补肾助阳的作用。此外,丁香还是一味很好的温胃药,对由寒邪引起的胃痛、呕吐、呃逆、腹痛、泄泻等,均有良好的疗效。
苍术辛、苦,温。归脾、胃、肝经。功能主治:燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。用于脘腹胀满,泄泻水肿,脚气痿躄,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲。主湿困脾胃;倦怠嗜卧;胞痞腹胀;食欲不振;哎吐泄泻;痰饮;湿肿;表证夹湿;头身重痛;痹证温性;肢节酸痛重着;痿襞。苍术具有燥湿健脾,祛风湿的功效。主治湿阻中焦,风寒湿痹,脚膝肿痛,痿软无力,雀目夜盲。《珍珠囊》日:“能健胃安脾,诸湿肿非此不能除。”《本草纲目》曰:“治湿痰留饮......及脾湿下流,浊沥带下,滑泻肠风。”《新修本草》称其能“利小便”。
白芷性味归经:辛,温。归肺、胃经。祛风散寒,通窍止痛,消肿排脓,燥湿止带。《日华子本草》:治目赤胬肉,及补胎漏滑落,破宿血,补新血,乳痈、发背、瘰疬、肠风、痔瘘,排脓,疮痍、疥癣,止痛生肌,去面皯疵瘢。
细辛主治:祛风,散寒,行水,开窍。治风冷头痛,鼻渊,齿痛,痰饮咳逆,风湿痹痛。全草入药,用为解热、利尿、镇痛、镇静药。治头痛,有发汗、祛痰之效。风寒表证;头痛,牙痛;风湿痹痛;痰饮咳喘;鼻塞;鼻渊;口疮。解热作用细辛挥发油灌服对多种原因如温刺法、四氢β-萘胺、伤寒、副伤寒混合疫苗所引起的家兔实验性发热有明显的解热作用,对啤酒酵母所致的大鼠发热也有明显的解热效果。还能降低正常大鼠的体温。
本发明具体实施方式
具体实施例1
本发明胶囊剂的制备:取五味子1500g,太子参1500g,茯神1500g,菟丝子1500g,鸡内金1500g,桑螵蛸1500g,山茱萸1500g,金樱子1500g,白术1500g,制首乌1500g,远志1500g,沙苑子1500g,灸麻黄1500g,炒芡实1500g,益智仁1500g,淫羊藿1500g,乌药1500g,巴戟天1500g,取上述原料药加入5-10倍量的乙醇中浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分1。将上述乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加10倍量水,加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分2。将组分1和组分2的浸膏合并,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20,然后取出,放入烘干机烘干成粉末,放入胶囊中,成胶囊剂。
具体实施例2
本发明冲剂的制备:
取五味子1200g,太子参1200g,茯神1300g,菟丝子1200g,鸡内金1200g,桑螵蛸1300g,山茱萸1300g,金樱子1200g,白术1200g,制首乌1300g,远志1300g,沙苑子1200g,灸麻黄1200g,炒芡实1200g,益智仁1200g,淫羊藿1200g,乌药1200g,巴戟天1200g。取原料药粉碎,过80-100目筛,将粉碎后的颗粒加入5-10倍量的乙醇中浸泡24小时以上,开始加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分1。再将上述乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加10倍量水,加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分2。将组分1和组分2的浸膏合并,加入糊精或果味剂,调和均匀后放入制粒机中制粒,干燥,装袋,使用时直接冲水服用。
具体实施例3
本发明丸剂的制备
将组份原料药五味子1100g,太子参1300g,茯神1300g,菟丝子1200g,鸡内金1200g,桑螵蛸1300g,山茱萸1300g,金樱子1200g,白术1200g,制首乌1300g,远志1300g,沙苑子1200g,灸麻黄1300g,炒芡实1100g,益智仁1200g,淫羊藿1200g,乌药1200g,巴戟天1200g。去杂,晾干,粉碎成颗粒,加水浸泡1小时;将浸泡好的原料置多功能提取罐中加水煎煮二次;第一次加总药材10倍量的水,煎煮1.5~2小时,取煎液,滤过;第二次加总量7倍量的水,煎煮1~1.2小时,取两次煎液混合,滤过;将过滤的滤液置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含1g生药量,直接干燥成粉末;然后加蜂蜜搓成丸剂。
具体实施例4
本发明口服液剂的制备:
取五味子1300g,太子参1100g,茯神1200g,菟丝子1200g,鸡内金1200g,桑螵蛸1300g,山茱萸1300g,金樱子1100g,白术1300g,制首乌1300g,远志1300g,沙苑子1200g,灸麻黄1200g,炒芡实1200g,益智仁1100g,淫羊藿1300g,乌药1200g,巴戟天1200g。。将原料药的药放入10倍量乙醇中,浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后放入减压浓缩罐内,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤至滤液的相对密度为20℃时1.06的浸膏,成为组分2。将组分1和组分2合并后置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液,置0~5℃低温冷藏24小时;将冷藏液加0.3%的助滤剂硅藻土,过滤,滤液再置入双效真空浓缩器中,浓缩至每1ml含1g生药量;浓缩后的膏剂加糊精调和,紫外线消毒杀菌后装瓶。
具体实施例5
本发明外用贴剂的制备:
取生姜1500g,肉桂1500g,丁香1500g,白芷1500g,苍术1500g,细辛1500g、石菖蒲1500g,乌药1500g,用水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,作为组分1备用;取蒸馏后的药渣加入5-10倍量的60-90%乙醇浸泡1-2小时,加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,去上清液,合并提取液,80-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩,30分钟~45分钟,将浓缩液静置成浸膏状,药糊继续加热浓缩至浸膏状,静置备用,成为组分2;将蒸馏提取的组分1和乙醇提取的组分2混合,压入无妨胶布内成膏药剂,外用,贴至肚脐。
药理学毒性试验
一、试验材料:
(一)实验动物:小鼠NIH,体重25-28g,雌雄各半;大鼠Wistar体重130-160g,雌雄各半,大鼠、小鼠的饲料由山东医学院动物实验中心提供。
(二)受试药物:
1、本发明药物:实施例2所制的丸剂,三批量等量混合物实验时用蒸馏水稀释应用。
2、阳性对照药物:金匮肾气丸,市售。
二、试验方法及结果:
(1)取体重25-28g的健康小鼠80X,雌、雄各半,按性别和体重分别分成四组,每组20X。1、2、3组服用本发明药物,剂量分别为8.6g生药/kg/d,6.4g生药/kg/d,4.2g生药/kg/d,第4组服用阳性对照药金匮肾气丸,剂量为6g生药/kg/d,连用15天。
试验结果:1、2、3组小鼠比4组小鼠性兴奋度明显增强,1、2、3组小鼠的交配次数比4组小鼠的交配次数平均每日增加3次。
试验结果表明本发明药物对中枢神经系统有明显的兴奋作用,所以本发明药物对于调节人体机能平衡、益气、补血、延缓衰老增强新陈代谢,精神疲惫,性机能减退都有治疗依据。
本发明动物急性毒性试验
一、试验材料
(一)动物小鼠NIH种雌雄各半,体重20-22g,由山东医学院动物实验室提供。
(二)受试药物:本发明所制的口服液,用蒸馏水稀释成混悬液。
二、试验方法及结果:
小鼠最大耐受量测定:取健康小鼠32X,雌雄各半,在24小时之内分三组,灌胃肠每次0.6ml/X,总重量1.8ml,相当于原生药4.0g,即100g生药/kg/d,相当于临床65公斤人的857倍。小鼠给药后按常规饲料12天未见动物死亡及未出、现毒性反应。因此证明,本发明药物无毒副作用,临床应用安全可靠。
本发明药物组合物的动物长期毒性试验
一、试验材料及方法
(一)受试药物:本发明实施例所制的片剂。
(二)实验动物,健康大鼠Wistar,体重100-130g,140X雌雄各半,按性别及体重随机分组,四组,每组35只。1、2、3组服用受试药物,剂量分别为9.6/kg/d,6.4/kg/d,3.2/kg/d。4组对照给相应体积量的蒸馏水、大鼠均灌胃肠给药,每组一次连用6个月,处死一半,佘下1/2停药观察12天全部死亡。
二、测试指标
(一)一般状况包括体重、饮食、情绪、活动能量。
(二)血象检查:红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血小板计数、血象等,血红蛋白定量计数。
(三)生化检查、血清蛋白定量、胆固醇、血糖定量。
(四)病理组织检查:实验结果后取半数动物称重,断头处死,取血,同时解剖心、肝、肾、肺、脑、脾、胃肠、膀胱、肾上腺做病理组织检查。
三、试验结果:经大鼠长期毒性试验表明,用本发明大剂量灌肠六个月,对大鼠的生长、体重增加、对脑、肝、肾功能均无毒副作用。对大鼠的各组织器官、循环系统未发现损害改变,用药组与对照组比较无明显差异。说明本发明药物具有温补肾阳、益气、补血、延缓衰老增强新陈代谢等药效,无毒性。
药物与临床实验
遗尿是指发育正常的5周岁以上的婴幼儿在夜间熟睡中小便自遗、醒后方知的一种病症。由于小儿脑髓未充,肾气不足,膀胱气化、开阖功能发育不成熟,故出现遗尿。遗尿不仅给家长造成了生活不便,而且影响了儿童的心理发育、生长发育、生活质量。
当前公认的有效治疗方法有抗利尿激素、报警器及心理行为治疗。中医采用中药、推拿、针灸等手段治疗小儿遗尿取得较好的疗效,临床上已得到广泛应用。本发明采用内服外用共同治疗治疗小儿功能性遗尿,取得满意疗效,现报道如下。
1临床资料
1.1一般资料
60例遗尿患儿均来自我院儿科门诊,随机分为2组,各30例。治疗组中男18例,女12例;年龄最大11岁,最小3岁,平均6.3岁;其中每夜均尿床者9例,间歇尿床者21例。对照组中男19例,女11例;年龄最大12岁,最小3岁,平均6.6岁;其中每夜均尿床者11例,间歇尿床者19例。2组患儿性别、年龄、尿床程度经统计学分析,差异无统计意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2诊断标准
1.2.1西医诊断标准参照《儿科学》中小儿遗尿的诊断标准。
1.2.2中医诊断标准参照《中医儿科学》中遗尿的诊断标准。
1.2.3纳入标准1)符合中、西医诊断标准。2)除外生殖泌尿系统畸形等疾病,且能接受外敷肚脐治疗者。
2治疗方法
2.1对照组
采用西药奥昔布宁,别名尿多灵,能降低膀胱内压,增加容量,减少不自主性的膀胱收缩,入睡前口服2.5~5mg,适用于昼夜尿频型。可增加膀胱颈部和后尿道的收缩力,同时有兴奋中枢作用。15天为一个周期。
2.2治疗组
内服方药为:五味子15g,太子参12g,茯神13g,菟丝子13g,鸡内金13g,桑螵蛸13g,山茱萸12g,金樱子11g,白术12g,制首乌13g,远志11g,沙苑子13g,灸麻黄12g,炒芡实12g,益智仁13g,淫羊藿12g,乌药13g,巴戟天12g。制成冲剂,每天两包,早起跟临睡前服用,15天为一个疗程。
外用:生姜15g,肉桂14g,丁香14g,白芷14g,苍术14g,细辛13g,石菖蒲15g,乌药13g。制成肚脐贴,每日睡前贴敷,15天为一个疗程。
3结果
3.1疗效标准
参照国家中医药管理局1994年颁布实施的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》制定。痊愈:夜间遗尿症状消失,可自醒起床小便,远期内无复发。好转:夜间遗尿次数明显减少,或劳累后偶尔1次。无效:症状无改善。
3.2治疗结果
治疗组中痊愈21例,好转5例,总有效率为86.67%,痊愈率为70%;对照组中痊愈14例,好转7例,无效9例,总有效率为70%,痊愈率为46.67%。2组总有效率经卡方检验分析,P=0.15>0.05,差异无统计意义,痊愈率经分析,P=0.03<2组治疗15d为1个疗程,2个疗程后统计0.05,差异有统计意义。
表12组患JLll~床疗效比较例(%)
组别 | N | 痊愈 | 好转 | 无效 | 总有效 |
治疗组 | 30 | 21(70)* | 5(16.67) | 4(13.33) | 86.67 |
对照组 | 30 | 14(46.67) | 7(23_33) | 9(30) | 70 |
注:与对照组比较*P<0.05。
4讨论
正常人的排尿是一个复杂的反射活动,是大脑皮质高级排尿中枢、皮质下中枢协调控制的结果。
睡眠时大脑皮质处于抑制状态,但接受尿意的功能区仍发挥作用,当尿意刺激时即会惊醒。正常小儿在3岁时此功能才基本健全。遗传因素、睡眠过熟、精神、心理等因素会导致此功能失调或发育不全,就会产生遗尿。
中医认为尿液属于津液代谢产物,与膀胱关系最为密切,同时肺主宣发肃降,脾主升清降浊,肾主气化,三焦为水液代谢通道,肝调畅全身气机气行则津行,均参与津液的代谢过程。以上任一脏器出现异常,则会引起排尿异常。
膀胱的贮尿和排尿功能依赖于肾的气化。肾俞为’肾脏的背俞穴,为肾脏之气转输之处,具有补肾、强肾、温肾壮阳的作用。肾阳为一身阳气之本,肾主气化,肾阳充足,则气化有司,尿液排泄正常。
脐为神厥穴,居中焦为冲任主穴,用丁香、肉桂等敷脐,既能调理脾胃,又能助阳固涩,同时膀胱训练可以增大膀胱容量,协调患儿储尿、排尿功能,更大程度上改善遗尿症状。本发明益智仁、太子参重在统摄,养心健脾安神,促进大脑发育增强统领脏腑之力;能改善大脑是参与排尿反射的高级中枢,大脑皮层旁中央小叶有管理排尿及排便的功能,肾气不足,膀胱虚冷,不能约束水液,故见遗尿。
肾主骨生髓,通于脑,“脑为髓海”,肾精不足,则髓海失养;“心主神明”心气虚弱,神无所主。可见心脑与肾息息相关。大脑是参与排尿反射的高级中枢,大脑皮层旁中央小叶有管理排尿及排便的功能,肾气不足,膀胱虚冷,不能约束水液,故见遗尿。诚为虚实夹杂之故,处以上述方药以标本兼治,治宜温肾祛寒,缩尿止遗。益智仁重在统摄,养心健脾安神,促进大脑发育增强统领脏腑之力;远志健脑补肾,止泻止遗益气摄水重在治本。山茱萸温散下焦虚冷,以助膀胱气化,固涩小便;桑螵蛸、金樱子、沙苑子、五味子、巴戟天功在固摄,暖肾固精止遗;酌加五味子、山茱萸温补固涩,以提高疗效;配合五味子、金樱子、鸡内金诸药以摄脾肾之气,开结滞之中而留其阴津之清,化阴湿之浊,升清降浊,增强膀胱控尿功能,重在治标;适量(炙)麻黄辛散合收敛,调畅气机,通调肺肾,起到约束膀胱升降有序的作用,气化正常而排尿自能控制。同时膀胱训练可以增大膀胱容量,协调患儿储尿、排尿功能,更大程度上改善遗尿症状。本研究结果显示,本发明中药组合治疗小儿遗尿症疗效显著,可明显减少患儿遗尿次数,优于单纯的中药外用与西药治疗。
具体实施例1:胡某,男,5岁,幼儿园大班学生,2012年4月来诊。发育正常,性格文静。平时胆小,性格孤独,易激怒。家长述说经常在睡眠中尿床,醒来才知觉。如遇疲劳、惊吓,遗尿次数增加,检查身体也无其他疾病。大人教育不当,经常以尿床责骂,结果每天都尿床,有时甚至中午睡觉也尿床,不敢去幼儿园。来本院检查,症见先天禀赋不足,脾肺气虚,下元虚冷,不能温养膀胱,闭藏失职,肾虚不摄故致遗尿。方药组成:五味子15g,太子参12g,茯神13g,菟丝子13g,鸡内金13g,桑螵蛸13g,山茱萸12g,金樱子11g,白术12g,制首乌13g,远志11g,沙苑子13g,灸麻黄12g,炒芡实12g,益智仁13g,淫羊藿12g,乌药13g,巴戟天12g。制成冲剂,每天两包,早起跟临睡前服用,15天为一个疗程。
外用:生姜15g,肉桂14g,丁香14g,白芷14g,苍术14g,细辛13g,石菖蒲15g,乌药13g。制成肚脐贴,每日睡前贴敷,15天为一个疗程。用两个疗程痊愈,只在服药前5天遗尿各1次,之后再未发生遗尿,中午睡觉也未发生过尿床,已经开心的伤幼儿园。随访至今未复发。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其特征在于,由内服药物和外用药物组成,
所述内服药物原料药的重量份数包括:五味子10~20份,太子参10~20份,茯神10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,鸡内金10~20份,桑螵蛸10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,金樱子10~20份,白术10~20份,制首乌10~20份,远志10~20份,沙苑子10~20份,灸麻黄10~20份,炒芡实10~20份,益智仁10~20份,淫羊藿10~20份,乌药10~20份,巴戟天10~20份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数包括:生姜10~20份,肉桂10~20份,丁香10~20份,白芷10~20份,苍术10~20份,细辛10~20份,石菖蒲10~20份,乌药10~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其特征在于,
所述内服药物原料药的重量份数包括:五味子10~15份,太子参10~15份,茯神10~15份,菟丝子10~15份,鸡内金10~15份,桑螵蛸10~15份,山茱萸10~15份,金樱子10~15份,白术10~15份,制首乌10~20份,远志10~20份,沙苑子10~20份,灸麻黄10~20份,炒芡实10~20份,益智仁10~20份,淫羊藿10~20份,乌药10~20份,巴戟天10~20份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数包括:生姜10~15份,肉桂10~15份,丁香10~15份,白芷10~15份,苍术10~15份,细辛10~15份,石菖蒲10~15份,乌药10~15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其特征在于,
所述内服药物原料药的重量份数包括:五味子10~20份,太子参10~20份,茯神10~20份,菟丝子10~20份,鸡内金10~20份,桑螵蛸10~20份,山茱萸10~20份,金樱子10~20份,白术10~20份,制首乌10~15份,远志10~15份,沙苑子10~15份,灸麻黄10~15份,炒芡实10~15份,益智仁10~15份,淫羊藿10~15份,乌药10~15份,巴戟天10~15份;
所述外用药物原料药的重量份数包括:生姜10~13份,肉桂10~13份,丁香10~13份,白芷10~13份,苍术10~13份,细辛10~13份,石菖蒲10~13份,麻黄10~13份。
4.一种如权利要求1~3中任一项所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述内服药物的剂型为冲剂的制备步骤包括:
a、取所述原料药粉碎,过筛,放入乙醇中浸泡24小时以上,热提取2次,成膏状,为组分1;
b、药渣加水提取2次,浓缩过滤为膏状,为组分2;
c、将上述两种膏状合并,加糊精制成颗粒冲剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述治疗小儿遗尿的内服药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,取原料药粉碎,过80-100目筛,将粉碎后的颗粒加入5-10倍量的乙醇中浸泡24小时以上,开始加热提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,静置后去上清液,然后100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分1。
6.根据权利要求4所述治疗小儿遗尿的内服药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,上述乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加10倍量水,加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇,并浓缩至药液浓度为0.6g生药/mL,抽滤后,滤液的相对密度约为20℃时1.08;浓缩至相对密度为1.20,温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏,静置备用,成为组分2。
7.根据权利要求4所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c中,将组分1和组分2的浸膏合并,加入糊精或果味剂,调和均匀后放入制粒机中制粒,干燥,装袋,使用时直接冲水服用。
8.一种如权利要求1~3中任一项所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述外用药物的剂型为肚脐贴剂,制备方法包括:
a、将所述原料药蒸馏汽化,结晶物作为组份1备用;
b、将蒸馏过的药渣加乙醇提取,作为组份2备用;
c、将组份1和组份2合并,压入无妨胶布内成膏药剂,外用。
9.根据权利要求8中所述治疗小儿遗尿的外用药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,将蒸馏过的原料药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,将2次提取液合并静置,去上清液,合并提取液,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩相对密度为80℃时1.36的浸膏,加热浓缩至膏状,静置备用,成为组分2。
10.根据权利要求1~9任一项所述治疗小儿遗尿的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述内服药物的剂型为:糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、丹剂、溶液剂或注射剂;所述外用药物的剂型为肚脐贴剂。
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CN113073025A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-06 | 郭建斌 | 复合双肽参蓉酒和复合双肽参蓉颗粒冲剂及其加工方法 |
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CN113287706A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-24 | 郭建斌 | 一种木参牡蛎速溶保健颗粒及其制备方法 |
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