CN104262505A - Method for extracting edible mushroom polysaccharide - Google Patents
Method for extracting edible mushroom polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- CN104262505A CN104262505A CN201410592043.3A CN201410592043A CN104262505A CN 104262505 A CN104262505 A CN 104262505A CN 201410592043 A CN201410592043 A CN 201410592043A CN 104262505 A CN104262505 A CN 104262505A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting an edible mushroom polysaccharide. The method comprises the following steps: drying and crushing mushroom raw materials, adding distilled water for digesting for 2 hours at the temperature of 90-95 DEG C, and adding 0.005mol/L of NaOH for digesting for 5 hours at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C; then carrying out vacuum filtering, precipitating with ethanol and centrifuging, adding chloroform with the volume ratio being 20 percent and n-butyl alcohol with the volume ratio being 7 percent to generate flocculent condensates, centrifuging to remove precipitation, and thus obtaining a coarse product solution; adding a decolorizing agent for decolorizing, and filtering, concentrating and drying to obtain the mushroom polysaccharide. The method combines a heat extraction method with an alkali extraction method. Compared with the prior art, by optimizing the concentration of alkali and digestion temperature in the alkali extraction method, the method reduces the degradation of the polysaccharide to the largest extent and improves the extraction rate of the polysaccharide.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of extraction of polysaccharide, in particular a kind of extracting method of bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Background technology
The rich in nutritive value of edible fungus cluster, is described as the meat or fish in element.Edible fungus cluster can be processed to the various delicious foods on dining table, but the deep processed product on the market for edible fungus cluster is less, the overwhelming majority is only confined to the drying raw material of bacterium mushroom, its eating method is also very single, have a strong impact on the range of application of edible fungus cluster, for this reason, the deep processing of bacterium mushroom is become a kind of foodstuff additive, and the expansion for the range of application of edible fungus cluster has great importance.
Edible fungus cluster polysaccharide is isolated a kind of important material with physiologically active from edible mushrooms, have antiviral, strengthen the several functions such as body immunity.The extracting method of edible fungus cluster polysaccharide conventional at present comprises Hot water extraction, acid formulation and alkaline extraction, wherein, the structural injury of Hot water extraction to polysaccharide is less, but extraction efficiency is low, acid formulation or alkaline extraction in strong acid or highly basic vat liquor easily cause the glycosidic link in edible fungus cluster polysaccharide rupture and structure change and form more monose, affect yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of extracting method of edible fungus cluster polysaccharide, to provide a kind of yield high, the method for the applicable various edible fungus cluster Polyose extraction that cost is low.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) bacterium mushroom raw material stoving pulverized, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 90 ~ 95 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:10 ~ 20 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, lixiviate 5 hours at 70 ~ 80 DEG C, obtain the second vat liquor, the concentration of NaOH solution must remain on lower level, rupture to prevent the glycosidic link in lentinan and construct change and form more monose, affecting yield;
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 0.5 ~ 1:1:1;
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) add bleaching agent bleaching by the crude product solution of step (5), cross and filter discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtain described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Described edible fungus cluster be selected from tea tree mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, straw mushroom one or more.
The gac of the discoloring agent of described step (6) to be mass ratio be 4:0 ~ 1 mixes discoloring agent with atlapulgite.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: the extracting method that the invention provides a kind of edible fungus cluster polysaccharide, hot formulation and alkaline extraction combine by the method, by optimizing paper mill wastewater in alkaline extraction alkali, and the temperature of lixiviate, farthest prevent polysaccharide from degrading, improve the extraction yield of polysaccharide.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of extracting method of Methods of Polysaccharide From Agrocybe Chaxingu, comprises the following steps:
(1) tea tree mushroom is dried pulverizing, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 95 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:12 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, lixiviate 5 hours at 80 DEG C, obtain the second vat liquor, the concentration of NaOH solution must remain on lower level, rupture to prevent the glycosidic link in lentinan and construct change and form more monose, affecting yield.
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 1:1:1.
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) add bleaching agent bleaching by the crude product solution of step (5), the gac of described discoloring agent to be mass ratio be 4:1 mixes discoloring agent with atlapulgite, crosses and filters discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtain described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is a kind of extracting method of flammulina velutipes, comprises the following steps:
(1) needle mushroom is dried pulverizing, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 90 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:15 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, lixiviate 5 hours at 80 DEG C, obtain the second vat liquor, the concentration of NaOH solution must remain on lower level, rupture to prevent the glycosidic link in lentinan and construct change and form more monose, affecting yield.
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 0.75:1:1.
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) add activated carbon decolorizing by the crude product solution of step (5), cross and filter discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtain described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of extracting method of lentinan, comprises the following steps:
(1) mushroom is dried pulverizing, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 90 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:20 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, lixiviate 5 hours at 70 DEG C, obtain the second vat liquor, the concentration of NaOH solution must remain on lower level, rupture to prevent the glycosidic link in lentinan and construct change and form more monose, affecting yield.
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 0.5:1:1.
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) being that the gac of 4:1 decolours with the discoloring agent that mixes of atlapulgite by adding mass ratio in the crude product solution of step (5), crossing and filtering discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtaining described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is a kind of extracting method of straw mushroom polysaccharide, comprises the following steps:
(1) straw mushroom is dried pulverizing, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 95 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:10 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, lixiviate 5 hours at 70 DEG C, obtain the second vat liquor, the concentration of NaOH solution must remain on lower level, rupture to prevent the glycosidic link in lentinan and construct change and form more monose, affecting yield.
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 1:1:1.
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) being that the gac of 8:1 decolours with the discoloring agent that mixes of atlapulgite by adding mass ratio in the crude product solution of step (5), crossing and filtering discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtaining described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
Adopt phenol-sulfuric acid and colorimetric method, with glucose as a standard product.Accurately pipette Glucose standards solution 1.5ml, 2.5ml, 3.5ml, 4.5ml, 5.5ml of 0.6000mg/ml, transfer to constant volume in 50ml volumetric flask respectively, shake up and to obtain control series product solution.Accurately pipette above-mentioned Glucose standards solution 2.0ml and be placed in 25ml tool plug test tube, add 4.0% phenol solution 1.0ml, vitriol oil 4.0ml shakes up, and puts into cold water and cool after boiling water bath insulation 15min.Be reference with reagent blank, select 1cm cuvette to measure its absorbancy at maximum absorption wavelength 490nm place, obtain glucose standard curve.
Accurately take embodiment 1 ~ 4 and extract the bacterium mushroom polysaccharide sample obtained, add dehydrated alcohol centrifugation, get precipitation, adding distil water is transferred to constant volume in 50ml volumetric flask after dissolving, then takes 1ml and be transferred to constant volume in another 50ml volumetric flask.Accurately pipette 2.0ml in 25ml tool plug test tube, add 4.0% phenol solution 1.0ml, vitriol oil 4.0ml shakes up, and puts into cold water and cool after boiling water bath insulation 15min.Be reference with reagent blank, select 1cm cuvette to measure its absorbancy at maximum absorption wavelength 490nm place, and calculate polysaccharide extract rate according to typical curve:
Concrete outcome sees the following form shown in 1:
Table 1: edible fungus cluster extraction yield result cartogram
| Extraction yield % | Tea tree mushroom | Needle mushroom | Mushroom | Straw mushroom |
| Contrast 1: Hot water extraction | 14.3％ | 15.5％ | 18.1％ | 16.8％ |
| Contrast 2: sour formulation | 16.5％ | 18.3％ | 21.2％ | 20.6％ |
| Extracting method of the present invention | 22.1％ | 20.9％ | 24.9％ | 23.7％ |
Can find out in table 1, the extraction yield of the extracting method of edible fungus cluster polysaccharide of the present invention all more than 20%, compared to the raising all had simple Hot water extraction and sour formulation by a relatively large margin.
Claims (3)
1. an extracting method for edible fungus cluster polysaccharide, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) bacterium mushroom raw material stoving pulverized, obtain powder, add the distilled water of 20ml in every 1g powder, at 90 ~ 95 DEG C, lixiviate 2 hours, obtains the first vat liquor;
(2) ratio that is 1:10 ~ 20 according to volume ratio in the first vat liquor of step (1) is added the NaOH of 0.005mol/L, at 70 ~ 80 DEG C, lixiviate 5 hours, obtains the second vat liquor;
(3) by the second vat liquor decompress filter of step (2), obtain filtrate, the ethanol adding volume ratio 95% precipitates, centrifugal acquisition throw out;
(4) the throw out water dissolution of step (3) is become saturated solution, add volume ratio be 20% chloroform and volume ratio be the propyl carbinol of 7%, generate flocculent aggregate, centrifugal segregation precipitates, and the volume ratio of described saturated solution, chloroform, propyl carbinol mixing is 0.5 ~ 1:1:1;
(5) repeating step (4), until generate without flocculent aggregate, obtains crude product solution;
(6) add bleaching agent bleaching by the crude product solution of step (5), cross and filter discoloring agent, concentrate drying, obtain described bacterium mushroom polysaccharide.
2. the extracting method of a kind of edible fungus cluster polysaccharide according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described edible fungus cluster be selected from tea tree mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, straw mushroom one or more.
3. the extracting method of a kind of bacterium mushroom polysaccharide according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the gac of the discoloring agent of described step (6) to be mass ratio be 4:0 ~ 1 mixes discoloring agent with atlapulgite.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105175561A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for preparing antioxidant straw mushroom polysaccharide |
| CN105267255A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | Method of extracting Agrocybe aegerita polysaccharide from Agrocybe aegerita |
| CN105273099A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | Method for extracting straw mushroom polysaccharide from straw mushrooms |
| CN106366209A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-02-01 | 广西大学 | Method for extracting polysaccharide from agrocybe cylindracea |
| CN108864322A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of straw mushroom polysaccharide |
| CN111548428A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 华东师范大学 | Extraction method of flammulina velutipes antifreeze polysaccharide |
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| CN1861636A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Process for half bionic extracting preparing hedgehogt fungus crude polysaccharose |
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| CN1861636A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Process for half bionic extracting preparing hedgehogt fungus crude polysaccharose |
| CN102002113A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-06 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing tea plant mushroom fruit body polysaccharide |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105175561A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for preparing antioxidant straw mushroom polysaccharide |
| CN105267255A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | Method of extracting Agrocybe aegerita polysaccharide from Agrocybe aegerita |
| CN105273099A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | Method for extracting straw mushroom polysaccharide from straw mushrooms |
| CN106366209A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-02-01 | 广西大学 | Method for extracting polysaccharide from agrocybe cylindracea |
| CN108864322A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of straw mushroom polysaccharide |
| CN111548428A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 华东师范大学 | Extraction method of flammulina velutipes antifreeze polysaccharide |
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