CN104336296A - Separation method for coproducing macadimia nut polysaccharide and albumen - Google Patents
Separation method for coproducing macadimia nut polysaccharide and albumen Download PDFInfo
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- CN104336296A CN104336296A CN201410522940.7A CN201410522940A CN104336296A CN 104336296 A CN104336296 A CN 104336296A CN 201410522940 A CN201410522940 A CN 201410522940A CN 104336296 A CN104336296 A CN 104336296A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant extraction and particularly relates to a separation method for coproducing macadimia nut polysaccharide and albumen. The method mainly comprises the following steps: extracting macadimia nut grease at low temperature by using a supercritical or subcritical solvent; then, soaking oil meal by using alkaline water; filtering or centrifugalizing the obtained homogenate to remove impurities; adjusting the pH to a protein isoelectric point; then, centrifugalizing to obtain a precipitate which is coarse albumen; then, after repeatedly washing by using a precipitate solvent, carrying out low-temperature spraying and drying to obtain the macadimia nut albumen; and carrying out steps such as concentration, spraying and drying on the supernate to produce macadimia nut polysaccharide. The production process is continuous and compact, easy to implement, and high in technical raw material utilization ratio, product yield and purity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant extraction, be specifically related to the separation method of a kind of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide and albumen.
Background technology
Queensland nut (Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell) belongs to (Macadamia) dicotyledonous aiphyllium for Proteaceae (Proteaceae) Queensland nut, originates in the hylaeion hypotropicum of Queensland ,Australia and New South Wales.Its kernel oil content is high, function is unique, has the reputation of " dry fruit queen ".Kernel is except being mainly used as dry fruit and eating, because of its fat content high (accounting for 80% of kernel weight), and there is anti-oxidant, prevention and reduce the nutrition and health care effects such as angiocardiopathy generation, irreplaceable effect is had in some industry such as cosmetics, health food, so, still have a certain amount of Queensland nut for fats and oils processing every year.
In macadimia nut oil process, a large amount of oil meals can be produced.Because the past adopts hot moulding explained hereafter Queensland nut grease mostly, the easy variable color of the oil meal produced, the bioactivators such as the polysaccharide contained by it, protein yet heated denaturalization, this oil meal value of result is not high, is only used as fertilizer or feed.
Disclosed CN 103652313 A and CN 103719531 A has related to the production method that the Queensland nut oil meal after utilizing low temperature to carry oil extracts albumen recently, but is not all used for a large amount of polysaccharide contained by it; And involved some is difficult to obtain with the machinery of unit operations such as disperseing, broken in these two patents.In addition, polysaccharide and albumen are all have bioactive product, at food nutrient fortifying, improve food machinery character, health food has important value and applies widely in producing.
Therefore be necessary to study be more suitable for suitability for industrialized production and the higher Queensland nut oil meal of raw material availability utilize technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and defect of prior art, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is the separation method providing a kind of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide and albumen.
Another object of the present invention is to the application that above-mentioned separation method is provided.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A separation method for coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide and albumen, comprises following steps:
(1) oil meal is produced: adopt the grease in supercritical carbon dioxide or subcritical solvent low temperature extraction kernel, then take out oil meal, make CO
2abundant volatilization or organic solvent is volatilized by application of vacuum, obtains the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, this low temperature is extracted the raw material that the oil meal after grease is used as production Queensland nut polysaccharide and albumen;
(2) aqueous slkali soaking: the fragmentation of the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, excessively 10 ~ 100 mesh sieves that step (1) is obtained, the aqueous slkali adding 9 ~ 12 times amount (W/W) stirs and makes system pH be 9.0 ~ 15, leave standstill immersion 12 ~ 24h, then further broken homogeneous, obtains homogenizing fluid;
(3) extract: homogenizing fluid step (2) obtained filters or centrifugal acquisition clarification extract;
(4) adjust ph: clarification extract acid solution adjust ph step (3) obtained is 4.3 ~ 4.9, stir extract, leave standstill 6 ~ 12h, the object of this process makes the sex change precipitating near its isoelectric point of the protein in extract;
(5) protein isolate: standing liquid step (4) obtained is centrifugal, and what obtain is precipitated as crude protein, supernatant is polysaccharide extraction liquid;
(6) purifying obtain protein: the precipitation that step (5) is obtained with 40 ~ 45 DEG C, 3 ~ 5 times amount (W/V) pH be 4.3 ~ 4.9 acid solution fully disperse precipitation, then centrifugal, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 ~ 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitating proteins removing remaining extract; It is 20% ~ 30% that precipitating proteins adds pure water to protein concentration, then carries out homogenization process, spraying dry, obtains Queensland nut protein;
(7) separating polyose: the supernatant that step (5) is obtained, reduced pressure concentration, obtains the polysaccharide concentrate that mass fraction is 20 ~ 35%;
(8) purifying obtain polysaccharide: the edible alcohol polysaccharide concentrate that step (7) obtains being added 3 ~ 4 times of volumes, makes polysaccharide precipitation, and in the centrifugal 10 ~ 12min of 3000 ~ 4000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 ~ 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitate polysaccharides removing remaining extract, drying and crushing, obtain Queensland nut polysaccharide; Or precipitate polysaccharides is added pure water to mass fraction of polysaccharide is 30% ~ 35%, then carries out homogenization process, spraying dry, obtain Queensland nut polysaccharide;
Subcritical solvent described in step (1) be a kind of in propane, butane, dimethyl ether, HFC-134a, benzinum and alcohol or or the mixing of at least two kinds;
Low temperature described in step (1) refers to that temperature is not more than 45 DEG C;
Aqueous slkali described in step (2) is the alkali lye adopting the NaOH of food grade, sodium bicarbonate or ammoniacal liquor formulated;
Broken homogeneous described in step (2) refers to and adopts homogenizer or colloid mill to carry out broken homogeneous;
Filtration described in step (3) refers to and adopts the filtration such as Bag filter, plate and frame type filter-press;
Centrifugal rotational speed described in step (3) is 3000 ~ 6000r/min;
Centrifugation time described in step (3) is 15 ~ 30min;
Acid solution described in step (4) is the acid solution adopting the monoacid such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid of food grade to be mixed with 1 ~ 2N;
Centrifugal rotational speed described in step (5) is 3000 ~ 6000r/min, and described centrifugation time is 15 ~ 30min;
Acid solution described in step (6) is the acid solution adopting the monoacid such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid of food grade to be mixed with;
Centrifugal rotational speed described in step (6) is 3000 ~ 4000r/min, and described centrifugation time is 10 ~ 12min;
Homogenization process described in step (6) and step (8) refers to the homogenization process of employing 30 ~ 35MPa homogenizer or adopts colloid mill homogenization process;
Spraying dry described in step (6) and step (8), for being 145 ~ 170 DEG C at EAT, carries out in the spray dryer that leaving air temp is 75 ~ 90 DEG C;
The temperature of the reduced pressure concentration described in step (7) is preferably 60 DEG C;
Drying and crushing described in step (8) is dry 12 ~ 36h at 55 ~ 65 DEG C of temperature, and period turns 3 ~ 5 times, obtaining water content lower than the polysaccharide of 5%, being finished product through pulverizing.
The present invention has following advantage and effect relative to prior art:
(1) can utilize with a collection of macadimia nut oil dregs of rice, produce polysaccharide and protein two kinds of products (Fig. 1);
(2) for the characteristic of Queensland nut polysaccharide and Protein processing, adopt boiling point solvent oil and grease extracting, avoid the sex change of polysaccharide and protein in kernel, enable these two kinds of products keep better biologically active and functional character;
(3) manufacturing machine that adopts of this production technology is easily supporting;
(4) impurity removal process is simple, easy to implement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process route chart of the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide of the present invention and albumen.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) produce oil meal: the Queensland nut kernel that will shell pulverized 10 mesh sieves, take the barrel that 10Kg is placed in 15L extraction kettle, make it at 45 DEG C, 35MPa, CO
2flow is extract macadimia nut oil under the condition of 15L/h.Kg kernel powder, after having extracted, takes out oil meal, makes CO
2abundant volatilization, obtains the Queensland nut oil meal 4Kg without grease;
(2) aqueous slkali soaking: the fragmentation of the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, excessively 10 mesh sieves that step (1) is obtained, add 36Kg water to stir, use 1mol/L NaOH solution adjust ph to 9.2 again, at room temperature lower standing 12h, period stirs 3 times, then use the process of colloid mill homogeneous once, obtain homogenizing fluid;
(3) extract: homogenizing fluid step (2) obtained filters and obtains clarification extract on Bag filter machine;
(4) adjust ph: the clarification extract that step (3) obtains is added 1mol/L hydrochloric acid and regulates its pH value 4.5, stir extract, leaves standstill 6h;
(5) protein isolate: the standing liquid that step (4) is obtained under 4000r/min centrifugal 30 minutes, institute obtains and is precipitated as crude protein, and supernatant is polysaccharide extraction liquid;
(6) purifying obtain protein: the precipitation that step (5) is obtained with 40 DEG C, the acetic acid solution of 3 times amount (W/V) pH4.3 fully disperses centrifugation, the then centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 time; Being added by pure water in centrifugal sediment, is after 25% to protein quality mark, adopts 30MPa homogenizer to carry out homogenization process, then EAT 145 DEG C, spraying dry under the condition that leaving air temp is 90 DEG C, obtains Queensland nut protein, detects Queensland nut protein extracting ratio and purity;
(7) separating polyose: the supernatant that step (5) is obtained, reduced pressure concentration at 60 DEG C, obtains the polysaccharide concentrate that mass fraction is 20%;
(8) purifying obtain polysaccharide: the edible alcohol polysaccharide concentrate that step (7) obtains being added 3 times of volumes, makes polysaccharide precipitation, and in the centrifugal 11min of 3500r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitate polysaccharides removing remaining extract; It is 35% that sediment adds pure water to mass fraction of polysaccharide, 30MPa homogenizer is adopted to carry out homogenization process, then in EAT 170 DEG C, spraying dry under the condition that leaving air temp is 90 DEG C, obtain Queensland nut polysaccharide, detect recovery rate and the purity of Queensland nut polysaccharide.
Embodiment 2
(1) oil meal is produced: the Queensland nut kernel that will shell pulverized 100 mesh sieves, take the barrel that 20Kg is placed in 30L extraction kettle, it is made to be subcritical solvent at n-butanol, 0.5MPa, 40 DEG C, the undercritical conditions of extraction time 5min carries out extraction macadimia nut oil, re-extract 3 times, after having extracted grease, takes out oil meal, normal butane is fully volatilized, obtains the hard oil meal 6Kg in Australia without grease;
(2) aqueous slkali soaking: the fragmentation of the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, excessively 50 mesh sieves that step (1) is obtained, add the NaOH solution of 70Kg1N, stir (pH is 15), at room temperature leave standstill 18h, period stirs 4 times, then use the process of colloid mill homogeneous once, obtain homogenizing fluid;
(3) extract: homogenizing fluid step (2) obtained filters and obtains clarification extract on flame filter press;
(4) adjust ph: the clarification extract that step (3) obtains is added 1mol/L hydrochloric acid and regulates its pH value 4.9, stir extract, leaves standstill 12h;
(5) protein isolate: the standing liquid that step (4) is obtained under 6000r/min centrifugal 15 minutes, institute obtains and is precipitated as crude protein, and supernatant is polysaccharide extraction liquid;
(6) purifying obtain protein: the precipitation that step (5) is obtained with 43 DEG C, 4 times amount (W/V) pH4.9 acetic acid solution fully disperses centrifugal sediment, adopts the centrifugal 12min of 3000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 2 time; Pure water is added in centrifugal sediment, be after 30% to the mass fraction of protein, adopt 32MPa homogenizer to carry out homogenization process, then EAT 170 DEG C, spraying dry under the condition that leaving air temp is 83 DEG C, obtains Queensland nut protein, detects Queensland nut protein extracting ratio and purity.
(7) separating polyose: the supernatant that step (5) is obtained, reduced pressure concentration at 60 DEG C, obtains the polysaccharide concentrate that mass fraction is 35%;
(8) purifying obtain polysaccharide: the edible alcohol polysaccharide concentrate that step (7) obtains being added 4 times of volumes, makes polysaccharide precipitation, and in the centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitate polysaccharides removing remaining extract; It is 30% that sediment adds pure water to mass fraction of polysaccharide, adopts colloid mill to carry out homogenization process, then in EAT 145 DEG C, spraying dry under the condition that leaving air temp is 75 DEG C, obtains Queensland nut polysaccharide, detects recovery rate and the purity of Queensland nut polysaccharide.
Embodiment 3
(1) oil meal is produced: the Queensland nut kernel that will shell pulverized 40 mesh sieves, take the barrel that 5Kg is placed in 10L extraction kettle, it is made to be subcritical solvent at n-propane, 0.5MPa, 40 DEG C, the undercritical conditions of extraction time 5min carries out extraction macadimia nut oil, re-extract 3 times, after having extracted grease, takes out oil meal, normal butane is fully volatilized, obtains the hard oil meal 1Kg in Australia without grease;
(2) aqueous slkali soaking: the fragmentation of the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, excessively 100 mesh sieves that step (1) is obtained, add 10Kg water, stir, use 1mol/L NaOH solution adjust ph to 10 again, at room temperature lower standing 24h, period stirs 5 times, then uses the process of colloid mill homogeneous once, obtains homogenizing fluid;
(3) extract: the homogenizing fluid that step (2) is obtained under 6000rpm centrifugal 15 minutes;
(4) adjust ph: get supernatant, adds 1mol/L hydrochloric acid and regulates its pH value 4.3, stir evenly rear standing 10h;
(5) protein isolate: the standing liquid that step (4) is obtained under 6000r/min centrifugal 15 minutes, institute obtains and is precipitated as crude protein, and supernatant is polysaccharide extraction liquid;
(6) purifying obtain protein: the precipitation that step (5) is obtained with 45 DEG C, the acetic acid solution of 5 times amount (W/V) pH4.7 fully disperses centrifugation, the then centrifugal 10min of 3500r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 time; Pure water is added in centrifugal sediment, be after 25% to the mass fraction of protein, adopt the process of 35MPa homogenizer, can EAT 158 DEG C, spraying dry under the condition that leaving air temp is 75 DEG C, obtains Queensland nut protein, detects Queensland nut protein extracting ratio and purity;
(7) separating polyose: the supernatant that step (5) is obtained, reduced pressure concentration at 60 DEG C, obtains the polysaccharide concentrate that mass fraction is 28%;
(8) purifying obtain polysaccharide: the edible alcohol polysaccharide concentrate that step (7) obtains being added 3.5 times of volumes, makes polysaccharide precipitation, and in the centrifugal 12min of 3000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitate polysaccharides removing remaining extract; By sediment dry 24h at 60 DEG C of temperature, period turns 4 times, makes its water content lower than 5%, is acquisition polyose through pulverizing.Detect recovery rate and the purity of Queensland nut polysaccharide.
Queensland nut oil meal polysaccharide extract rate (%)=(in the polysaccharide total amount/oil meal of the Queensland nut polyose of extraction egg polysaccharide total content) × 100%.The purity of polysaccharide adopts Phenol sulfuric acid procedure to measure.
Macadimia nut oil cake protein recovery rate (%)=(in the Queensland nut protein total content/raw material of extraction protein total content) × 100%.Lipidated protein adopts Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.
Table 1 is each embodiment albumen and polysaccharide extract rate and purity.As shown in Table 1, after low temperature extracts Queensland nut grease, its albumen and polysaccharide few by high temperature loss, can extract the polysaccharide contained by it and protein, institute obtains that product yield is high, purity is high.
The each embodiment albumen of table 1 and polysaccharide extract rate and purity
Protein extracting ratio, % | Purity of protein, % | Polysaccharide extract rate, % | Purity of polysaccharide, % | |
Embodiment 1 | 70.5 | 80.2 | 90.8 | 88.1 |
Embodiment 2 | 75.4 | 82.1 | 91.5 | 85.6 |
Embodiment 3 | 80.8 | 81.2 | 93.1 | 84.6 |
On average | 75.6 | 81.2 | 91.8 | 86.1 |
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a separation method for coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide and albumen, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) oil meal is produced: adopt the grease in supercritical carbon dioxide or subcritical solvent low temperature extraction kernel, then take out oil meal, make CO
2abundant volatilization or organic solvent is volatilized by application of vacuum, obtains the Queensland nut oil meal without grease;
(2) aqueous slkali soaking: the fragmentation of the Queensland nut oil meal without grease, excessively 10 ~ 100 mesh sieves that step (1) is obtained, the aqueous slkali adding 9 ~ 12 times amount (W/W) stirs and makes system pH be 9.0 ~ 15, leave standstill immersion 12 ~ 24h, then further broken homogeneous, obtains homogenizing fluid;
(3) extract: homogenizing fluid step (2) obtained filters or centrifugal acquisition clarification extract;
(4) adjust ph: clarification extract acid solution adjust ph step (3) obtained is 4.3 ~ 4.9, and stir extract, leaves standstill 6 ~ 12h;
(5) protein isolate: standing liquid step (4) obtained is centrifugal, and what obtain is precipitated as crude protein, supernatant is polysaccharide extraction liquid;
(6) purifying obtain protein: the precipitation that step (5) is obtained with 40 ~ 45 DEG C, 3 ~ 5 times amount (W/V) pH be 4.3 ~ 4.9 acid solution fully disperse precipitation, then centrifugal, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 ~ 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitating proteins removing remaining extract; It is 20% ~ 30% that precipitating proteins adds pure water to protein concentration, then carries out homogenization process, spraying dry, obtains Queensland nut protein;
(7) separating polyose: the supernatant that step (5) is obtained, reduced pressure concentration, obtains the polysaccharide concentrate that mass fraction is 20 ~ 35%;
(8) purifying obtain polysaccharide: the edible alcohol polysaccharide concentrate that step (7) obtains being added 3 ~ 4 times of volumes, makes polysaccharide precipitation, and in the centrifugal 10 ~ 12min of 3000 ~ 4000r/min, collecting precipitation; Repeat above step 1 ~ 2 time, centrifugally obtain the precipitate polysaccharides removing remaining extract, drying and crushing, obtain Queensland nut polysaccharide; Or precipitate polysaccharides is added pure water to mass fraction of polysaccharide is 30% ~ 35%, then carries out homogenization process, spraying dry, obtain Queensland nut polysaccharide.
2. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Subcritical solvent described in step (1) is a kind of in propane, butane, dimethyl ether, HFC-134a, benzinum and alcohol or or the mixing of at least two kinds.
3. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Low temperature described in step (1) refers to that temperature is not more than 45 DEG C.
4. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Aqueous slkali described in step (2) is the alkali lye adopting the NaOH of food grade, sodium bicarbonate or ammoniacal liquor formulated.
5. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Broken homogeneous described in step (2) refers to and adopts homogenizer or colloid mill to carry out broken homogeneous.
6. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Filtration described in step (3) refers to and adopts Bag filter or plate and frame type filter-press to filter;
Centrifugal rotational speed described in step (3) is 3000 ~ 6000r/min;
Centrifugation time described in step (3) is 15 ~ 30min.
7. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Acid solution described in step (4) is the acid solution adopting the hydrochloric acid of food grade, acetic acid or lactic acid to be mixed with 1 ~ 2N;
Centrifugal rotational speed described in step (5) is 3000 ~ 6000r/min, and described centrifugation time is 15 ~ 30min;
Acid solution described in step (6) is the acid solution adopting the hydrochloric acid of food grade, acetic acid or lactic acid to be mixed with;
Centrifugal proceeding to described in step (6) is 3000 ~ 4000r/min, and described centrifugation time is 10 ~ 12min.
8. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Homogenization process described in step (6) and step (8) refers to the homogenization process of employing 30 ~ 35MPa homogenizer or adopts colloid mill dispersion treatment.
9. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Spraying dry described in step (6) and step (8) is EAT is 145 ~ 170 DEG C, carries out in the spray dryer that leaving air temp is 75 ~ 90 DEG C.
10. the separation method of coproduction Queensland nut polysaccharide according to claim 1 and albumen, is characterized in that:
Drying and crushing described in step (8) is dry 12 ~ 36h at 55 ~ 65 DEG C of temperature, and period turns 3 ~ 5 times, obtaining water content lower than the polysaccharide of 5%, being finished product through pulverizing.
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