CN104262052A - Potassium-increased acidic soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Potassium-increased acidic soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104262052A CN104262052A CN201410502146.6A CN201410502146A CN104262052A CN 104262052 A CN104262052 A CN 104262052A CN 201410502146 A CN201410502146 A CN 201410502146A CN 104262052 A CN104262052 A CN 104262052A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a potassium-increased acidic soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The acidic soil conditioner consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 5-15 percent of waste tobacco leaf ash, 30-40 percent of carbonized flue-cured tobacco straws, 25-35 percent of carbonized maize straws, 10-20 percent of silicon-potassium fertilizer and 5-10 percent of bentonite. The preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding, mixing and granulating. According to the acidic soil conditioner, the pH value of the soil can be obviously improved, nutrient elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium in the soil can be supplemented, crop growth can be obviously facilitated, and the yield of the crops is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural soil technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Acid soil is the general name of low ph value soil, and it comprises red soil, latosol, yellow earth, red earth and podzolic soil etc.Acid soil regional precipitation is abundant, and eluviation is strong, and degree of base saturation is lower, and acidity is higher.The acid soil of China is mainly distributed in the area such as vast subtropical and tropical zones and river, Yunnan-Guizhou on the south the Changjiang river, and area is about 2.04 × 10
8hm
2, the pH value of most of soil is less than 5.5, is wherein greatly less than 5.0, or even 4.5, and acid rain depositions, ammonium fertilizer to use in a large number etc. and cause soil to be the trend of sharply acidifying in recent years, and acid soil area is also in expansion, and soil acidity is also in lasting rising.Become one of subject matter of restriction Agricultural Sustainable Development in China.
Acid soil and the disadvantageous effect of soil acidification to agriculture production are mainly manifested in the following aspects, first is that hydrogen ion is directly poisoned, when pH value is less than 4, direct toxic action can be produced to plant-growth, cause the quantity of root to reduce and root shorten, thicker, cause the tip of a root dead time serious.Over-ground part is after root system is badly damaged, and namely plant strain growth is suppressed, and last blade is withered until dead.It two is aluminium toxicities, no matter be paddy field or dry land, aluminium poison phenomenon on acid soil is all very general, root system is by the most responsive position of aluminium poison harm, when the aluminum ions concentration of solubility in the soil solution exceedes certain limit, just there will be poisoning by aluminum symptom: root growth is obviously obstructed, root is short and small, occur that deformity is curling, fragile easily broken, the growth of plant above ground portion is suppressed following closely; It three is manganese poisonings, and on acid soil, first plant manganese poisoning symptom appears at overground part, shows as leaf chlorosis, and tender leaf turns yellow, and occurs necrotic spot time serious.The Lao Ye of manganese poisoning often has black splotch, by sections observation and composition analysis, proves that this is the precipitation of Manganse Dioxide; Its four, on acid soil, the validity of soil nutrient reduces, and the validity as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mo all greatly reduces, and during about pH6.5, various nutrient availability is all higher, is applicable to various crop growth.
At present, liming is improvement acid soil and the comparatively effective and conventional method eliminating aluminium poison, but a large amount of or long-term application lime not only can cause soil compaction, and the membership that adds of a large amount of calcium constituent causes antagonism to magnesium, potassium element, thus cause the dysequilibrium of soil calcium, potassium, magnesium 3 kinds of elements and cause the underproduction.Acid soil too much liming also may cause the co-precipitation of magnesium and aluminium hydrated oxide, reduce the Mg in the soil solution
2+activity and plant availability.In addition, the application on acid soil improvement of trade waste and mineral substance also has a large amount of report, as alkaline residue, flyash, ground dolomite etc., all can improve acid soil, but also come with some shortcomings, as alkaline residue and flyash contain a certain proportion of heavy metal element, there is certain environmental risk and healthy hidden danger, ground dolomite contains a large amount of calcium, magnesium elements because of it, and long-term application also can produce antagonistic action to soil potassium, affects potassium and have validity.
Produce a large amount of flue-cured tobacco stalk, waste tobacco leaf in cigarette district cured tobacco production, cigarette wooden fork, fireworks etc., be often deposited in field, or simply burn, both caused environmental pollution, again the recycling of unrealized agricultural wastes, builds run counter to " amphitypy society "; Si-K fertilizer is a kind of solubility in citric acid slow potash fertilizer, in alkalescence, has certain neutralising capacity to soil acidity.Through retrieval, the report that not find with the waste in corn and cured tobacco production, Si-K fertilizer be main material production acid soil improving agent.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention improves acid soil exactly, improve the pH value of acid soil, utilize the Si-K fertilizer of the agricultural wastes such as flue-cured tobacco stalk, waste tobacco leaf and maize straw and cheapness to prepare a kind of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent, and its preparation method is provided.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent, the mass percent of this acid soil improving agent component is: waste tobacco leaf fires grey 5-15%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 30-40%, carbonization maize straw 25-35%, Si-K fertilizer 10-20%, wilkinite 5-10%.
Preferably, the mass percent of described potassium-added type acid soil improving agent component is: waste tobacco leaf combustion ash 10%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 35%, carbonization maize straw 32%, Si-K fertilizer 15%, wilkinite 8%.
Preferably, the pH value of described waste tobacco leaf combustion ash is 10-12, wherein containing potassium 15-20%, calcic 12-18%, containing magnesium 3-8%.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent, the method comprises: the top produced after collecting flue-cured tobacco footing leaf, fireworks of pinching, cigarette wooden fork, tobacco leaf composition optimizes and inferior leads, after drying, after combustion cell low-temperature burning, obtain waste tobacco leaf combustion ash; After tobacco harvesting, cut and get cigarette strain stem stalk, after fully drying, in kiln anoxic environment under carry out glowing carbonization, by product pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves obtain carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk; After corn is gathered, cut and get corn stem, after fully drying, in kiln anoxic environment under carry out glowing carbonization, by product pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves obtain carbonization maize straw; Choose the Si-K fertilizer that citric-soluble potassium content is 8%, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves; Pulverize wilkinite, and cross 100 mesh sieves; Take according to above-mentioned constituent mass per-cent, Homogeneous phase mixing, make the particle of diameter 2-5mm with granulating disc, after drying, obtain described potassium-added type acid soil improving agent.
(3) beneficial effect
Flue-cured tobacco waste low-temperature burning is made combustion ash by the present invention, and this combustion ash, in alkalescence, is rich in the mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, can improves soil pH value after using, supplement Soil Mineral Nutrition, increase soil fertility, decrease waste pollution simultaneously; By high temperature carbonization, flue-cured tobacco stalk and maize straw are made carbonization stalk, can soil physical property be improved, for soil beneficial microorganism improves good growing environment; Si-K fertilizer is slow potash fertilizer, and in weakly alkaline, can in soil slow releasing potassium element and improvement acid soil.Acid soil is used this acid soil improving agent, can improve soil pH value, increase soil potassium, plant growth is vigorous, and output is significantly improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of with agricultural wastes such as flue-cured tobacco stalk, waste tobacco leaf and maize straws, and the Si-K fertilizer of cheapness is potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of main raw material and preparation method thereof.The present invention adopts tobacco leaf to fire ash and supplements the mineral elements such as Potassium in Soils, calcium, magnesium, utilizes tobacco leaf to fire grey alkaline sweetening of the soil acid simultaneously; Adopt the slow-releasing of Si-K fertilizer alkalescence and potassium element, sweetening of the soil acidity also supplies soil potassium; Utilize the characteristic of the porous of carbonization stalk, the increase of probiotics kind and quantity can be promoted.Utilize this method not only to achieve waste harmless treatment and recycling in agriculture production, and achieve the localization of soil improvement agent raw materials for production to a certain extent, both cost-saving, protection of the environment again.
Acid soil improving agent of the present invention comprises the combustion ash of waste tobacco leaf, cigarette wooden fork and fireworks, and be called for short waste tobacco leaf combustion ash, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk, carbonization maize straw, Si-K fertilizer, wilkinite, each component mixed, granulation forms.The mass percent of this acid soil improving agent component is: waste tobacco leaf fires grey 5-15%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 30-40%, carbonization maize straw 25-35%, Si-K fertilizer 10-20%, wilkinite 5-10%.The mass percent of preferred each component is: waste tobacco leaf combustion ash 10%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 35%, carbonization maize straw 32%, Si-K fertilizer 15%, wilkinite 8%.
Every component of the present invention is as follows:
Described waste tobacco leaf combustion ash is: the top produced after flue-cured tobacco footing leaf, fireworks of pinching, cigarette wooden fork, tobacco leaf degree composition optimizes and inferior leads, after drying, carry out low-temperature burning, take spraying control combustion process and temperature of combustion, when namely there is naked light in combustion, spraying a small amount of clear water makes it keep the state of glowing, and guarantees that preparation combustion ash is black gray expandable;
Described carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk is: after tobacco harvesting, cuts and gets cigarette strain stem stalk, after fully drying, carbonization of glowing, pulverizes, sieves and make under the environment of anoxic;
Described carbonization maize straw is: after corn is gathered, cut and get corn stem, after fully drying, carbonization of glowing, pulverizes, sieves and make under the environment of anoxic.
Described Si-K fertilizer is: Changfeng, Pingdingshan City Si-K fertilizer factory produces, and citric-soluble potassium content is 8%;
Described wilkinite is: market is bought, and pulverizes and sieves.
The preparation of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of the present invention:
The top that collection flue-cured tobacco footing leaf, fireworks of pinching, cigarette wooden fork, tobacco leaf composition optimizes produce and inferior leads, after drying, residue is obtained after combustion cell low-temperature burning, pH value is 10-12, higher containing the various nutrient elements, particularly potassium such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, boron, zinc, content of calcium and magnesium, containing potassium 15-20%, calcic 12-18%, containing magnesium 3-8%.
After tobacco harvesting, cut and get cigarette strain stem stalk, be cut into 5-8cm segment, after fully drying, under the environment making anoxic in earth kiln by oneself, carry out glowing carbonization, after carbonization completely, through cooling, pulverizing, cross the carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk that namely 100 mesh sieves are made.
After corn is gathered, cut and get corn stem, be cut into 5-8cm segment, after fully drying, under the environment making anoxic in earth kiln by oneself, carry out glowing carbonization, after carbonization completely, namely obtain carbonization maize straw through cooling, pulverizing, cross 100 mesh sieves.
Wilkinite is pulverized, crosses 100 mesh sieves;
Take by mass component: waste tobacco leaf fires grey 100kg, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 350kg, carbonization maize straw 320kg, Si-K fertilizer 150kg, wilkinite 80kg mix; the particle of diameter about 2-5mm is made, dry acid soil improving agent finished product with granulating disc.
Potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of the present invention carries out the test of tobacco planting effect:
Test is carried out in Malong County, Yunnan Province, and test field soil is characteristic of acid red soil, soil pH value 4.36, organic 30.72g/kg, available potassium 72.65mg/kg.The local general types cloud and mist 87 of Fruit variety.3 process are established in test: (1), according to local ordinary method plantation flue-cured tobacco, does not execute potassium-added type acid soil improving agent (CK); (2) potassium-added type acid soil improving agent 900kg/hm executed by base
2; (3) potassium-added type acid soil improving agent 1500kg/hm executed by base
2.Adopt randomized block design, plot area 30m
2, seeding row spacing is 0.5m*1.2m, and about cigarette 50 strain is planted in each community, 3 repetitions are established in test, count 9 communities.Potassium-added type acid soil improving agent application process is as follows, turns over, this potassium-added type acid soil improving agent is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the soil surface after turning over, carries out shallow rake immediately after front stubble results, and ridging.After flue-cured tobacco maturation, technology carries out picking and roasting routinely, statistics output, first-class cigarette ratio, average price equal yield line index, chooses middle leaf and measures potassium content of tobacco leaf; Gather after terminating and to fetch earth earth, measure soil pH value and quick-acting potassium content.
Table 1 potassium-added type acid soil improving agent is on the impact of yield of flue-cured tobacco, quality and soil property
As shown in Table 1, after the potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of different amounts is used on flue-cured tobacco, yield of tobacco, quality and soil property all have increase in various degree or improvement, wherein soil pH value improves 0.21 and 0.36 unit respectively, Soil Available potassium content improves 7.57% and 14.68% respectively, and potassium content of tobacco leaf improves 8.87% and 15.76%.
Above result shows, uses potassium-added type acid soil improving agent and can improve flue-cured tobacco potassium content and yield and quality, realizes improvement acid soil, supplements the object of soil available nitrogen, and economic benefit and ecological benefits well, have larger promotional value.
The effect of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of the present invention on corn planting
Test is carried out in Malong County, Yunnan Province, and test field soil is acid purple soil, soil pH value 4.59, organic 25.51g/kg, available potassium 77.61mg/kg.Test kind is cloud auspicious 47.3 process are established in test: (1), according to local ordinary method maize planting, does not execute potassium-added type acid soil improving agent (CK); (2) potassium-added type acid soil improving agent 600kg/hm executed by base
2; (3) potassium-added type acid soil improving agent 900kg/hm executed by base
2.Adopt randomized block design, plot area 20m
2, seeding row spacing is 0.6m*0.35m, and 3 repetitions are established in test, count 9 communities.Potassium-added type acid soil improving agent application process is as follows, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields this potassium-added type acid soil improving agent at soil surface, plough shallowly immediately after front stubble results.After harvest corn, threshing meter produces, and fetch earth after harvest home earth, measures soil pH value and quick-acting potassium content.
As shown in Table 2, after the potassium-added type acid soil improving agent of different amounts is used on corn, corn yield and soil property all have increase in various degree or improvement, wherein soil pH value improves 0.23 and 0.58 unit respectively, Soil Available potassium content improves 9.33% and 17.70% respectively, and corn yield improves 6.16% and 13.22%.
Above result shows, using potassium-added type acid soil improving agent can improve corn yield, and can nurse one's health soil pH value and supplementary soil available nitrogen, and economic benefit and ecological benefits well, have larger promotional value.
Table 2 potassium-added type acid soil improving agent is on the impact of corn yield and soil property
In sum, the agricultural wastes that the main raw material flue-cured tobacco stalk that the present invention utilizes, cigarette wooden fork, fireworks, uncomfortable tobacco leaf and maize straw Shi Yan district are common, current utilization ratio is lower.As fireworks, cigarette wooden fork, cigarette stalk etc. are often arbitrarily discarded in field, drop down with current after the virus that waste carries, germ rainfall and cause water source for irrigation to pollute and field soil pollution, increase the weight of crop pest particularly Tobacco Diseases; Maize straw then usually at vega centralized burning, easily causes atmospheric pollution.The invention provides a kind of practical technique utilizing waste in flue-cured tobacco and Maize Production, not only solve the problem of flue-cured tobacco and corn waste pollution environment, be made into potassium-added type acid soil improving agent, the pH value of acid soil can be improved, and add potassium element and other multiple mineral elements to soil, achieve the recycling of agricultural wastes, create good economic benefit and ecological benefits, there are very wide market outlook.
Above embodiment is only for illustration of the present invention, but not limitation of the present invention.Although with reference to embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, various combination, amendment or equivalent replacement are carried out to technical scheme of the present invention, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a potassium-added type acid soil improving agent, is characterized in that, the mass percent of this acid soil improving agent component is: waste tobacco leaf fires grey 5-15%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 30-40%, carbonization maize straw 25-35%, Si-K fertilizer 10-20%, wilkinite 5-10%.
2. potassium-added type acid soil soil improvement agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass percent of described acid soil improving agent component is: waste tobacco leaf combustion ash 10%, carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk 35%, carbonization maize straw 32%, Si-K fertilizer 15%, wilkinite 8%.
3. potassium-added type acid soil improving agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pH value of described waste tobacco leaf combustion ash is 10-12, wherein containing potassium 15-20%, calcic 12-18%, containing magnesium 3-8%.
4. the preparation method of potassium-added type acid soil improving agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method comprises: the top produced after collecting flue-cured tobacco footing leaf, fireworks of pinching, cigarette wooden fork, tobacco leaf composition optimizes and inferior leads, after drying, after combustion cell low-temperature burning, obtain waste tobacco leaf combustion ash; After tobacco harvesting, cut and get cigarette strain stem stalk, after fully drying, in kiln anoxic environment under carry out glowing carbonization, by product pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves obtain carbonization flue-cured tobacco stalk; After corn is gathered, cut and get corn stem, after fully drying, in kiln anoxic environment under carry out glowing carbonization, by product pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves obtain carbonization maize straw; Choose the Si-K fertilizer that citric-soluble potassium content is 8%, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves; Pulverize wilkinite, and cross 100 mesh sieves; Take according to above-mentioned constituent mass per-cent, Homogeneous phase mixing, make with granulating disc the particle that diameter is 2-5mm, after drying, obtain described acid soil improving agent.
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| CN104987244A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 蒋文兰 | Method for producing vinegar residue carbonized nutritional soil |
| CN107033922A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-08-11 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107382601A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-24 | 浦江县合洪园艺研发有限公司 | The preparation method of acid soil improving agent |
| CN108834825A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-20 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | Lilium brownii var viridulum cultivation matrix and cultural method |
| CN111233571A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2020-06-05 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Soil conditioner |
| CN111943778A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Organic agricultural acid soil potassium conditioner |
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